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European CommissionEnterprise and Industry A. Wittenberg | 09.03.2011 |1

Raw Materials for a Modern Society Challenges

Possibilities

Future Steps

Standards and Best Practices in the EU extractive industry – Living up to expectations

Budapest, 09 March 2011

European Commission Enterprise and Industry

Antje Wittenberg - SNEMetals, Minerals, Raw Materials


Economic importance

Importance for economic value chain and emerging (key) technologies

Renewable energysolar cells, photovoltaic's, wind turbines

Energy efficiencyhybrid and electric cars, LED lighting, batteries, buildings and infrastructure

Electronicsflat screens, mobile phones

Aerospacelight weight alloys

PresenterPresentation NotesRaw materials essential ingredients for economy and society

Looking at critical raw materials, essential in many high tech productsand essential for new technologies


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NE Extractive Industry EU27Construction Materials Industrial Minerals Metals

Eurostat

last up date 09/09/2010


Enterprises EU-27, 20061 non-financial business economy

1 The total number of enterprises in the EU-27 non-financial business economy was estimated as 20.2 million in 2006. Source: Eurostat

(tin00050)


Critical raw materials

Borate

Fluorspar

Gallium

Iron

Magnesium

PGM

Tellurium

Aluminum Bauxite

Antimony

Barytes

Bentonite

Beryllium

Chromium

Clays

Cobalt

Copper

Diatomite

Feldspar

Germanium

Graphite

Gypsum

Indium

LimestoneLithium

Magnesite

ManganeseMolybdenum

Nickel

Niobium

Perlite

Rare Earths

Rhenium

SilicaSilverTalc

Tantalum

Titanium

Tungsten

Zinc

Vanadium

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0

Economic Importance

Supp

ly R

isk


Production concentration of critical raw materials


Main challenges

EU highly dependent on imports of important raw materials (metals and industrial minerals) which are increasingly affected by market distortions / commodity market speculations

Still potential in Europe (self-sufficient supply for construction materials, potential for other raw materials), but exploration and extraction face on-going increasing competition for different land uses and a highly regulated environment


The Raw Materials Initiative

Integrated strategy

based on three pillars

Underline by R&Dand innovation

Right framework conditions

within the EU

in order to foster sustainable supply

from Europeansources

Ensuring access to raw materials from

International Markets

under the same conditions as other

industrial competitors

Boosting resource efficiency

and recycling

to reduce the EU's consumption of

primary raw materials


Barents Region high potential area for ore depositsJoint project between the geological surveys of Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden provides information on more than 1600 mines, deposits and significant occurrences across the region.

By country, there is information on:

►

878 deposits in Sweden

►

338 deposits in Finland

►

243 deposits in Russia

►

157 deposits in Norway


Access to land

Promote the exchange of best practice in land use planning and administrative conditions for exploration and extraction

Encourage better networking between national geological surveys to increase the EU's knowledge base

Guidance on how extraction activities can be reconciled with Natura 2000 requirements

►

Important tool to avoid conflicts at site level –

link to land-use planning

►

Knowledge of mineral reserves essential to develop sensitivity maps and to provide objective, verifiable information

PresenterPresentation NotesWith regards to the Birds & Habitats Directives and the activities of the extractive industry, the Natura 2000 it is important to underline that it does not create an absolute exclusion to activities such as mineral extraction. However, the implementation of the Directives seems to vary considerably between Member States. We have committed ourselves to producing guidelines with the aim of providing more clarity to industry and authorities, on how extractive activities could take place in Natura 2000 areas while safeguarding the environmental protection. The guidelines are to be finalized in 2009.

The images are taken in Markt Bibart, Northern Bavaria / Germany in a gypsum quarry owned by Knauf Gyps KG in 2001 (top) and 2008 (bottom). 2008 - Monitoring after 8 years shows more than 15 plants and animals species in the red list of endangered species.Quarry covered by Natura 2000 after closing down due to technical restoration and forming morphology followed by succession.Area Sensitivity: Located inside protected wood types of Natura 2000 – quarry area reaches high biodiversity value in the meantime – interaction with wood habitats

The implementation of the INSPIRE Directive is generally believed to help improve the networking among the EU Geological Surveys. However, the obligations related to existing public digital mineral resources data (falling under Annex III.21) are limited to the production of compliant metadata (Articles 5(4) and 6(B) of the Directive).The latter task is very technical and is highly dependent on the input of experts of the field of geology and surveying, hence.


NEEI and Natura 2000Positive contribution of NEEI to biodiversity

rehabilitation of extraction sites to (re)create habitats and reinstate species (supported by several good practice examples). Site biodiversity action plans useful instruments.

Potential effects of mines/quarries on natureSpecific constraints of NEEI regarding location of mineral resourcesBiodiversity can be affected throughout the life-cycle of a project, directly or indirectly. Extent of impact depends on type/size/method of operation and sensitivity of environmentMitigation measures exist to prevent/reduce impacts


NEEI and Natura 2000Appropriate assessment of NEEI plans/projects (according Art. 6 Habitats Directive; mitigation; alternatives; compensation)►

Step by step process to assess significant neg. impacts on Natura2000.

►

Coordination with EIA or SEA process possible to reduce burden and increase effectiveness

►

if required: properly analysed and implemented

alternatives / compensation measures

Marine extraction►

Extractive activities in marine areas are more and more important.

►

Marine spatial planning is a key instrument for strategic planning.

►

Little knowledge on marine biosphere and site effects


Azñalcóllar (1998)

Baia Mare (2000)


Directive on the management of extractive waste

Extractive Industry►

prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working of quarries

“Waste facilities”►

Any area designated for the accumulation or deposit of extractive waste –

dams, heaps, pond

Links with other Directives►

IPPC, Seveso, Water & Waste framework Directives, IA Directive, Natura

2000

Adopted 2006

“Prevent as far as possible adverse effects on the environment and human health of waste from

extractive industry”


Mining waste directive

Extractive Industries

EnergyEnergy

Minerals Minerals Ores

Ores IndustrialIndustrial

Minerals Minerals

ConstructionConstructionMaterialsMaterials

FerrousFerrous

metalsmetals

Non FerrousNon Ferrous

metals metals

PreciousPrecious

metalsmetals

Minor metals Minor metals

Nuclear fuelsNuclear fuels Fossil fuelsFossil fuels

UraniumUranium CoalCoal

Oil, oil shale Oil, oil shale

Not in the scope:Not in the scope:

waste from offwaste from off--

shore activities, shore activities,

waste resulting waste resulting ““indirectlyindirectly””

from from extractive industryextractive industry


Ajka plant (2010)


Key DeadlinesAdoption: 15 March 2006, Entry in force: 1 May 2006

Transposition: no later than 1 May 2008

► so far 25 Member States have transposed and notified it

Applies to all new installations

Existing facilities by 1 May 2012

Reporting: 3 years reports from MS – by mid 2011

Implementing measures: to be adopted “asap”, adopted in May 2009


Main Requirements►

Prevent risks for the environment and health notably by applying Best Available Techniques (BAT)

►

Permitting

►

Public participation, transboundary

impacts

►

Waste management plan

►

Construction and management

►

Major accident prevention policy

►

Prevention of water, soil, air pollution

►

Financial Guarantee

►

Closure and after closure procedures


Major Accident PreventionObligations at 3 levels:

1. Member States:

Risks identification and limiting measures

2. Operator:

Before start of operation, internal emergency planRisk identification and evaluationDesignation of a “risk manager”Organization, planning for emergencies

Monitoring, audit and review

3. Competent Authority: External emergency planMeasures to contain the accident and to minimise impact on humanhealth and environment

Communication to the public and relevant authorities

Rehabilitation, restoration and clean-up after accident


Worth to note 5 May 2010 - European Parliament calling for a general ban on the use of cyanide mining technologies in the European Union

Guidance on inspection activities, exchange of information of rehabilitation of the closed and abandoned facilities and assessing the utility of updating the best available technique reference document (BREF review), consultant: DHI, Denmark -final report is expected by early 2012► Seminar on inspection ► Seminar on Rehabilitation of the abandoned and closed facilities.

Inventories of the closed waste facilities -to be finalized and made public by May 2012 (Article 20)► All existing permits have to be adapted to the requirements of the

Directive by 1st of May 2012 (Article 24§1 )


Efficiency & recycling

Huge potential of EU’s Urban Mines

Tackle illegal shipment of waste to third countries through a more harmonised enforcement of Waste Shipment Regulation

Develop best practices in the area of collection and treatment of key waste streams

Develop eco-design measures aimed at fostering more efficient use of raw materials in products


AwarenessList of critical raw materials helped to raise awareness

Hints for urgently needed activities in some policy fields (trade, WTO court case, research calls for proposals)

BUT

basemetals, construction materials and industrial minerals are the backbone of our society.►What is neeed?


Research

Under FP7 new funding opportunities have been created for projects on:► Advanced underground technologies for

intelligent mining

► Substitution of critical raw materials

► Coordination of activities in Member States in the area of the industrial handling of raw material

FP8? RAW MATERIALS ?


R&D - preliminary findings


Marine environmentShallow water zones

Deep sea mining - future (ore) mining

Advanced technologies („key-hole surgery“ to minimise the impact)


Marine Zones

Source:

BGR after Symonds et al., 1998


The Context - EUROPE 2020

4 Flagships Initiatives out of 7

An industrial policy for the globalisation era

Resource Efficient Europe

An agenda for new skills and jobs

Innovation Union


An industrial policy for the globalisation era

Industry matters

Lessons learned from the finacial and economic crisis

The importance of the manufacturing value chain

List of critical raw materials helped to raise awareness

RAW MATERIALS


Resource Efficient Europe

Increasing pressure on natural resources

The need to be more efficient both for ECONOMIC and ENVIRONMENTAL reasons

Recycling

RAW MATERIALS


An agenda for new skills and jobs

A challenge for the extractive and recycling industries

High Tech Skills - geologists and engineers

Inside and outside Europe

RAW MATERIALS


Innovation Union

A matter of survival in a globalised world

It is about►

technology –

crucial step stone

►

Processes

►

Best practices

►

Standards

►

Procurement

►

Regulations

Creativity in Raw Materials


Key componentsTechnology-Focused policy areas►

Extraction, processing, recycling

►

Substitution

Non Technology policy areas►

Improving Europe's raw materials regulatory framework, knowledge and infrastructure base, e.g. access to land..

►

Promotion of excellence, resource efficiency and recycling, e.g. public procurement and private initiatives.

International cooperation ►

Promoting appropriate international cooperation, notably with other countries/ regions of the world.

May deal with different policy issues such as geology, research

trade

and

investment

conditions


Material Flows and Statisticsraw materials avilibility

►

primary raw materials –

base metal and by- product relationship (e.g. Zn –

In)

►

resouce and reserve statistics

►

recovery rate and reclyling

►

urban mining and landfills

►

import and export statistical data


Next steps

Review of the comments made in the framewotk of the workshop on the 28th of Feburary

New internal proposal

Support by Member States - cruicial

Communication by Summer


Thank you for your attention !References:

Report on critical raw materials: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htm

Report on best practices in area of land use planning, permitting and geological knowledge:

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/sustainable-supply/index_en.htm

Natura

2000 guidelines:

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm

Trade raw materials activity report 2009:

http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/june/tradoc_146207.pdf

Communication on the EU 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union:

http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/innovation-union-communication_en.pdf

Mining waste directive:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/Mining/index.htm

BREF (Best available techniques):

http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/sustainable-supply/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htmhttp://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/june/tradoc_146207.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/innovation-union-communication_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/Mining/index.htmhttp://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm


Key component technologyDeveloping new innovative technologies and solutions for sustainable raw materials supply►

Innovative technologies along the entire value chain for cost effective, safe and environmentally and socially sound raw materials exploration, extraction (including mining), processing, recovering and recycling of primary and secondary raw materials.

Developing new innovative materials by design technologies and solutions for the substitution of critical materials.►

Solutions to reduce the resource usage, incl. finding of substitutes of critical, scare or hazardous materials.


Non-technolgy areasImproving Europe's raw materials regulatory framework, knowledge and infrastructure base.►

building an innovative knowledge base of European resources, incl. exploration of primary and secondary raw materials (on land and in the marine environment) and estimations of the resource including urban mines (land fills and mining waste)

►

exchange of best practice in defining a minerals policy in the Member States based on principles of sustainable development;

setting up a policy for land-use planning for minerals in the Member States,

clear process for authorisation of minerals exploration and extraction in the Member States

using and improving, on the basis of proper analysis, the knowledge base which is needed for an efficient raw materials strategy

►

higher education and skills;

►

standardisation of geological data in particular for low value raw materials and coherence on the relevant terminology.


Non-technolgy areasImproving the regulatory framework via promotion of excellence and promoting recycling through public procurement and private initiatives. ►

Resource efficiency along the entire value chain including materials flows, collecting, sorting and re-delivering raw materials to increase the recycling and by-product rate of raw materials also while in trace amounts and the overall recycling rate;

►

Recycling of critical materials and hazardous substances from WEEE;

►

implementation notably for what concerns collection/recycling rates of the MS but also control on illegal export of waste.


41 raw materials analysedAluminum

Antimony

Barytes

BauxiteBentonite

Beryllium Borates

ChromiumClays (incl. kaolin)

Cobalt Copper

DiatomiteFeldspar Fluorspar

Gallium

GermaniumGraphite Gypsum Indium

Iron oreLimestone Lithium Magnesite

MagnesiumManganese

Molybdenum

Nickel

Niobium

Perlite

Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) Rare earths (REE)

Rhenium

Silica sandSilver Talc

TantalumTellurium Titanium Tungsten VanadiumZinc


Economic importance

Importance for economic value chain and emerging (key) technologies

Renewable energy:solar cells, wind turbines

Energy efficiency:hybrid and electric cars, LED lighting, batteries

Electronics:flat screens, mobile phones

Aerospace:light weight alloys

PresenterPresentation NotesRaw materials essential ingredients for economy and society

Looking at critical raw materials, essential in many high tech productsand essential for new technologies


Emerging technologiesRaw material Production

2006 [t]Demand emerging tech. 2006 [t]

Demand emerging tech. 2030 [t]

Demand/ prod. 2006

Demand/ prod. 2030

Factor

Gallium 152 28 603 0.18 3.97 22

Indium 581 234 1.911 0.40 3.29 8.2

Germanium 100 28 220 0.28 2.20 7.9

Neodymium 16.800 4.000 27.900 0.23 1.66 7.2

Platinum 255 very small 345 0 1.35

Tantalum 1.384 551 1.410 0.40 1.02 2.5

Silver 19.051 5.342 15.823 0.28 0.83 2.9

Cobalt 62.279 12.820 26.860 0.21 0.43 2.1

Palladium 267 23 77 0.09 0.29 3.2

Titanium 7.211.000 15.397 58.148 0.08 0.29 3.6

Copper 15.093.000 1.410.000 3.696.070 0.09 0.24 2.7


Emerging technologies (2)Raw material Emerging technologies

Antimony Antimony-Tin-Oxide (~ In-Sn-O), micro capacitors

Cobalt Li-ion batteries, synthetic fuels

Gallium Semi-conductors, thin layer photovoltaics, IC, WLED

Germanium Fibre

optic cable, IR optical technology

Indium Displays, thin layer photovoltaics

Platinum (PGM) Fuel cells, catalysts

Palladium (PGM) Catalysts, seawater desalination

Niobium Micro capacitors, ferroalloys

Neodymium (REE) Permanent magnets, laser technology

Tantalum Micro capacitors, medical technology


Policy-oriented (2)Recycling►

Improve collection►

Prevent illegal exports of End-of-Life products►

Promote research

Substitution►

Promote research

Material Efficiency►

Minimise

the raw material used►

Minimise

raw material losses


Category A Other waste(not cat A, not inert)

Inert(unpolluted soils)

BAT Application Yes Yes Yes

Waste Man. Plan Yes Yes Yes

Prevention water, soil

and air deteriorationYes Yes Yes (except for

cyanide)

Construction and

managementYes Yes Partly

Permitting, public

participation,

transboundary

impacts

Yes Yes No

Financial guarantee,

closure proceduresYes Yes No

Major accident

prevention policyYes except

« Seveso »

No No


Permitting and Public ParticipationNo permit – no waste facility, single permit possible

BREF’s to be used as reference

Public to be informed on:

application for a permit

nature of possible decision

arrangements for public participation

main reports and advices transmitted to the authorities

content of the decisions and its justification

Comments and opinions to be expressed before decision


Prevention of water, air, soil pollution

Competent authority has to check whether the operators have taken adequate measures to limit and control possible pollution (dust, gas, water contamination,..)

Pond with cyanide: concentration to be reduced to the lowest possible level

Limit values: 10 ppm for new installations

50 ppm, 25 ppm by 2013, 10 ppm by 2018

Slide Number 1Economic importanceNE Extractive Industry EU27EnterprisesEU-27, 20061�non-financial business economyCritical raw materials Production concentration �of critical raw materialsMain challengesThe Raw Materials InitiativeBarents Region �high potential area for ore depositsAccess to land Slide Number 11NEEI and Natura 2000NEEI and Natura 2000Slide Number 14Directive on the �management of extractive wasteMining waste directiveSlide Number 17Key DeadlinesMain RequirementsMajor Accident Prevention Worth to note Efficiency & recyclingAwarenessResearch Slide Number 25R&D - preliminary findingsMarine environmentMarine ZonesThe Context - EUROPE 2020 An industrial policy for the �globalisation eraResource Efficient EuropeAn agenda for new skills and jobsInnovation UnionKey componentsMaterial Flows and StatisticsNext stepsThank you for your attention !Key component technologyNon-technolgy areasNon-technolgy areas41 raw materials analysedEconomic importanceEmerging technologiesEmerging technologies (2)Policy-oriented (2)Slide Number 46Permitting and Public ParticipationPrevention of water, air, soil pollution

raw materials for a modern society - euromines...european commission enterprise and industry a....

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