rapid follow up food security assessment
TRANSCRIPT
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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY
ASSESSMENT Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District
The Assessment was jointly conducted by members of Food Security Cluster under the leadership
and coordination of World Food Programme.
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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY
ASSESSMENT
Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District, May
2012
Report prepared by WFP
Analytical write up on the KII prepared by FAO
Other key contributors from Technical Working Group in the preparation of this report: SI,
OXFAM, ACF, DAE, BRAC, Action Aid
This food security assessment was jointly conducted by various members of Food Security
Cluster under the leadership of World Food Programme.
June, 2012
COVERE PHOTOS
ASM TARIUR RABBY
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Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... VI
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY ......................................................................................................................................... VII
1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. CONTEXT OF THE ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3.1. The basic premises ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.3.2. The process ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.3. The tools ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. THE METHODOLOGICAL LEARNING IN THE FIELD ................................................................................................ 3
2. FOOD AVAILABILITY ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. CROP SECTOR ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.1. Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2. The impact .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops. ............................................................................................. 9
2.1.4. Assistance provided ...................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.5. Major constraints ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. LIVESTOCK SECTOR ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.2. Damages ..................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3. Current situation ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.4. Future prospect .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.5. Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 11
2.3. FISHERIES SECTOR..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2. Damages ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.3. Current situation ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.4. Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 12
3. FOOD ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1. LIVELIHOODS RECOVERY STATUS .................................................................................................................. 15
3.2. STATE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................... 16
3.3. STATE OF CHILDREN AND FEMALE DAY LABORER .............................................................................................. 18
3.4. ALTERNATE LIVELIHOODS FOR LABORERS AND MARGINAL FARMERS .................................................................... 19
3.5. PRICE OF BASIC STAPLES ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.6. EXPENDITURE IN VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS .................................................................................................. 20
4. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION .................................................................................................... 21
4.1. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION .......................................................................................................... 22
4.2. DIET DIVERSITY AND FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................. 22
4.3. INTRA HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................... 23
4.4. WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.1. Source of water .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.2. Time to fetch water .................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities ............................................. 25
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4.4.4. WaSH priorities ........................................................................................................................... 25
4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites ........................................................................................................ 26
4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition ............................................................................................. 26
4.4.7. Common diseases ....................................................................................................................... 26
5. COPING STRATEGIES, PRIORITIES AND NEEDS ............................................................................................. 28
5.1. COPING STRATEGIES .................................................................................................................................. 28
5.2. PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY .......................................................................................................... 29
5.3. POPULATION AND AREAS IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE .......................................................................................... 30
6. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 35
6.1. INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED BY THE CURRENT ASSESSMENTS: ............................................................................. 36
6.1.1. Short to medium term: ............................................................................................................... 36
6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions............................................................................................ 37
ANNEX 1- LIST OF PARTICIPATED AGENCIES AND STAFF ...................................................................................... 42
AGENCIES PARTICIPATED IN THE PRIMARY FIELDWORK ................................................................................................... 42
ANNEX 2- RESPONSES OF KIIS .............................................................................................................................. 46
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE ......................................................................... 46
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES .............................................................................. 49
FACTSHEETS ON REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES BY AGENCIES ............................................................................................ 61
Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas ......................................................... 7
Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers ..................... 8
Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries ......................... 13
Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings ............................................................................. 16
Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity ...................................................... 18
Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices ........................................................................................ 30
Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area ............................................... 33
Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production ...................................................................... 7
Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential ................................................................................................. 8
Graph 3 Turmeric potential .................................................................................................................... 8
Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area .............................................................. 9
Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops.................................................................................. 10
Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops ............................................................................ 10
Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook ................................................................................................................ 11
Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods ...................................................................................................... 16
Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods .................................................................................... 17
Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods ................................................................ 17
Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by women .................................................................................... 18
Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by Children ................................................................................... 18
Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods ......................................................................................... 19
Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples ................................................................................................... 20
Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs ...................................................................... 20
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Graph 16 Food Consumption Score ...................................................................................................... 22
Graph 17 Diet diversity ......................................................................................................................... 22
Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person .................................................. 23
Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency .......................................................................................... 23
Graph 20 Source of water in the households ....................................................................................... 24
Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice ........................................................................................ 24
Graph 22 Defecation point access trend .............................................................................................. 25
Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female ..................................................................................... 25
Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition .......................................................................... 26
Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children .............................................................. 26
Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households...................................................................... 28
Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups .............................. 29
Graph 28 Community preferred interventions ..................................................................................... 36
Figure 1 Tools and techniques ................................................................................................................ 2
Figure 2 Map of the most priority area ................................................................................................. 34
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Acronyms
Acronym Elaboration
ACF Action Contre la Faim Bangladesh
CFT Cash for Training
CFW Cash for Work
CSI Coping Strategy Index
DAE Department of Agricultural Extension
DLS Department of Livestock
DoF Department of Fisheries
FAO The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
FCS Food Consumption Score
FGD Focused Group Discussion
FSC Food Security Cluster
IGA Income Generating Activities
KII Key Informants Interview
JNA Joint Needs Assessment
MFI Micro Finance Institutions
RMS Rapid Market Survey
SI Solidarites International
ToT Terms of Trade
TWG Technical Working Group
WFP The United Nations World Food Programme
UDMC Union Disaster Management Committee
UN The United Nations
UzDMC Upazila Disaster Management Committee
WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Executive Summery
1. The current assessment follows the two previous assessments conducted in the rainfall induced
waterlogged areas of Satkhira and Jessore in August and December 2011. While relief type of
assistance was triggered by immediate post disaster assessment in August 2011, the post Aman
harvest assessment in December 2011 recommended for livelihood recovery through
employment generation interventions like cash for work till the Boro harvest. Following a good
Boro harvest in May 2012 throughout the country another needs assessment was planned to
assess the recovery levels of the vulnerable communities and their needs. This time the
assessment was conducted jointly by the members of Food Security Cluster.
2. The rehabilitation activities along with a moderate Boro paddy harvest contributed much to the
improvement of livelihoods and food security of the vulnerable households. However, a large
part of the income from all major sources has already been spent on food, shelter, medicine and
loan repayment. Under such circumstances exposure to vulnerability especially for the poor
population is not yet over. On top of the upcoming income constraints there is the risk of
recurrent flood in the current monsoon due to clogged drains and rivers. The major objective of
the current assessment was to understand the current and upcoming food security and
livelihood situation in the affected areas and to find out the number of people still in need
external assistance if there are any.
3. The current assessment has jointly been done by the members of the Food Security Cluster
under the leadership and coordination of WFP. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility
of conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts. The
tools used for this assessment were focus group discussions, key informant interview, interview
with local representatives and market survey. This is perhaps first assessment ever carried out
by a cluster and potentially can lead to a better coordination system of humanitarian response.
This post-harvest rapid assessment has also been conducted to understand the current food
security situation as well as to identify whether there are communities who need external
assistance.
Major findings on food availability:
4. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected for Aus rice production
the T. Aman was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice production. Although overall
22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the farmers managed to harvest the
Aman rice where the scenario varied in different Upazilas which ranged from 60-100 percent
of a normal production.
5. In the current year the despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce
Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production
was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low
selling price of Boro is going to constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial
investment in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it was
estimated that marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce,
not at all sufficient to make next investment. Only option remains with them is loan at high
interest from the MFIs or the local money lenders.
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6. After boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers and Aman
transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease and
capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging, thus constraining alternate income
opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the
area which is unlikely. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that they are not
predominantly Aman producing areas therefore the coming Aman season is not going to
provide sufficient jobs . Moreover Aman plantation is not a labour intensive activity like Boro.
7. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact
availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.
8. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the
usual year round return from small scale poultry farming is not there.
9. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a
heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda farming further
exacerbating the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a strong
sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and had experienced a high level of
siltation.
Findings on access to food
10. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and
laborers claimed that their recovery has not been very satisfactory.
11. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their hand
but they were also fearing of the coming lean season especially the areas where Aman is not
produced substantially (43% communities).
12. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been
reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children also
contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71 percent of the
FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field, agricultural field and
rickshaw van pulling. However, wage of children and women in agricultural field remained
extremely low compared to that of male adults, children received over 60 percent less and
female received 30 percent less than the male wages.
13. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the
upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have been
benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice almost
similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal scenario. Usually
in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the Aman planting season
(Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up
14. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher areas.
Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not provide
extensive livelihood opportunities.
15. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation as
the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will again create
water logging.
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Findings on food consumption and utilization
16. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after the
post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no communities
were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance programmes and
availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs responded that they belong
to the borderline category which was only 38% in December and 18% in August.
17. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and pulses
and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-harvest
assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS has
deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.
18. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of August
2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of the pregnant
and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.
19. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is over
2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption was
reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice are
spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the prices
of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the quality and
quantity of the food basket.
20. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there are
significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.
21. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and
unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the overall
wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.
22. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of worm
infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
Coping strategies
23. Coping strategies adopted by the households followed a common trend which can be
categorized as ‘mid-level severe’ indicators. Only in a few cases the adaptive strategies
compromised household asset hence also have chance to rapture the future livelihood
security. Average coping strategy index (CSI) severity score of the vulnerable households have
been found out to be 26.2 which is more than the commonly found score indicating more
vulnerable status of the households in affected area.
24. As the vulnerable households have become chronically indebted due to un-suitable payback
time and interest rate as well as return on investment in the commonly found sectors is not
enough, hence the key priorities came around the issue of assistance either in terms of grant
for different agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods related investment. However, as
people of the communities are well aware on the upcoming lean season so they also
prioritized food assistance as their key medium term (from next 2 to 6 months) priority.
Priority areas and population in need
25. Based on 3 specific indicators priority area has been identified. These are percentage of
population affected, last Boro status and potential of Aman paddy. Elected representatives of
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the people (Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad) and officials of various technical
departments of the government reached consensus at Upazila level on these indicators. Based
on these indicators 16 Unions of 5 Upazilas in Satkhira and Jessore districts have been
identified. These selected areas have no and limited potential for Aman, had a negligible
amount of Boro production and a large percentage of the population was affected.
26. The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.
Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.
Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land
and regular income were estimated for livelihood support.
Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable
households were estimated for nutrition support.
In total 16,500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16
priority unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their
livelihoods and 8000 are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment.
Out of these total 16,500 households 2500 children under five and PLWs should be assisted
with integrated mother and child nutrition programme.
Response Strategies:
27. Followings are the short term measures proposed based on the above situation
Beneficiaries Type
Beneficiaries No.
Duration Assistance details
Cash grant for farming
Small and Marginal Farmers
8500 Hhs Lean season-August to November
-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time distribution) - Technical support from DAE
Cash & food for training on IGA (It can be cash for training, food for training or cash and food for training)
Vulnerable Hh: - Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderlies &limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.
8000 Hhs Lean season-August to November
Training on IGA (poultry and homestead gardening), DRR, WASH/Hygiene in 4 sessions. Per session training remuneration appox. Taka 750/=
Food package: preferably with pulse, oil, sugar etc. (rice excluded) Distribution: bi monthly (to reduce operational costs), one distribution must be before Eid Period: beginning of August and beginning of October
Integrated maternal & child feeding
Children under 5 & PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable
No. children U 5=2030 No. PLWs = 430
Lean season-August to November
Wheat soya blend (WSB) & Nutrition training
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Beneficiaries Type
Beneficiaries No.
Duration Assistance details
households to be assisted
28. Medium to long term interventions
Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas.
Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice through technological support
Expansion of high-value field crops in the rabi season.
Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry.
Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male.
Cage culture.
Dredging of rivers and canals.
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CHAPTER 1 1. Introduction and Methodology
1.1. Context of the Assessment In August 2011 heavy localized rainfall in the southern parts of the country namely Satkhira, Jessore
and Khulna resulted in prolonged water logging which had negatively impacted the food security and
livelihoods of the local people. Following the rainfall induced water logging in August 2011, WFP,
FAO and international and national NGOs conducted several assessments in the worst affected
Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore. This resulted in assistance programmes funded by ECHO for the
affected population which continued till November/December the Aman harvest period. In
December a post Aman harvest follow up survey was carried out by the similar agencies. The
assessment in December by WFP and FAO highlighted critical situation in restoration of livelihoods
and assets due to crop loss and reduced agricultural production, high debt and limited job
opportunity for the forthcoming lean season till the Boro harvest in May 2012. The report
recommended for food and cash transfer through public works and nutritional interventions. ECHO
funded the livelihood restoration and nutrition interventions which were implemented by WFP,
international and national NGOs in the worst affected Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore till May 2012.
Following a good Boro harvest in May throughout the country, another needs assessment was
planned, this time jointly by the members of Food Cluster. This joint needs assessment (JNA) has
features unlike other JNA as this is perhaps the first ever study done by a cluster where different
agencies participated in primary fieldwork. The methodology, tools and checklists were prepared
jointly by the Technical Working Group (TWG) of Food Security Cluster (FSC) under the overall
coordination of World Food Programme (WFP). Previously conducted JNAs were very rich in
information but this time the study has a solid platform from where unique message can be
conveyed to the policy planners, people’s representatives and various development partners.
1.2. Objectives There were 2 key objectives of this assessment;
1. Understand the current food security and livelihood situation in the affected areas.
2. Find out the number of people still in need of external assistance (if there are any).
1.3. Methodology
1.3.1. The basic premises
The study methodology was developed based on the following premises;
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It will be a ‘rapid’ assessment following the assessments done in August and December
2011.
Essentially the assessment tools will be qualitative and participatory.
Area selection will be done randomly based on the flood situation in December 2011 and
May 2012. Selected areas should represent areas that are still either moderately or severely
affected.
1.3.2. The process
It should be noted that it was a joint assessment where agencies of UN, national and international
NGOs participated. WFP coordinated with the members of TWG to roll out the detail plan and
methods. Later, a broader level participation from the FSC was sought and all these were done
through a number of cluster as well as TWG level meetings.
The study was led by WFP with key responsibilities of coordination, production of tools,
initial planning, data management, analysis and reporting.
Based on the above premises, tools were initially developed by WFP and then circulated
among the TWG Members of FSC. After collating and full considerations of each and every
comment a set of final tools were prepared. It should be noted that while producing the
initial tools, WFP considered the tools it used for a follow up assessment as well as the tools
of last JNA by international and national NGOs which were both held in December 2011.
A call for participation was made to the FSC members and various consortium and
organizations working in the affected area responded with full team for a specific site; either
a Union or 2 Unions of an Upazila. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility of
conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts.
FAO in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) conducted Key Informant Interviews
(KII) with agriculture, livestock and fisheries officer along with the water development
boards at local level.
WFP organized a 2 day training for the all the teams of different agencies. A total of 52
participants had gone through detail discussion on each tool. At the end of the training, a
mock FGD was also practiced by the teams to understand each and every section of FGD
checklists.
Figure 1 Tools and techniques
Tools
28 FGDs
Vulnerable Group (14)
Female Group (14)
7 RMS
Growth Centers
7 Consultation Meeting
UzDMC and UDMC members
7 KII
Upazila Officials
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1.3.3. The tools
Due to rapid nature of the assessment selective qualitative and participatory tools were
adopted. The tools (See Annex 1) are as follows;
o Focused Group Discussions
Vulnerable group FGDs: A total of 14 FGDs of vulnerable groups-one in each
of the 14 selected Unions- were conducted. The participants (both male and
female) of these FGDs were mostly day laborers, marginal farmers and other
labor wage dependent people. It should be noted that the key criteria for
participant selection was that the participant may or may not have received any
assistance from any agencies. Key subjects of this FGD were livelihoods,
agriculture, food consumption, WaSH, priorities and needs etc.
Female group FGDs: 14 FGDs of female groups were carried out in each of
the selected Unions. The key criteria of participant selection were at least 50%
of the participants had to have children under 2 years of age. Key issues of this
FGD were food consumption pattern, dietary diversity, livelihoods of women
and children, WaSH, general health and nutrition, priorities and needs.
o Consultation meeting: These meetings were held at each randomly selected Upazila
headquarter where members of Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC)
and Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) participated. This tool was
designed to have a broader consensus at local level on the level of impact at Union
level.
o Rapid market survey (RMS): This rapid survey was done at Upazila sadar market or in
the nearest growth centers. The aim of this survey was to understand the price level
of different staple food along with general situation of the physical market.
o Key Informant Interviews: KIIs were carried out in all 7 Upazilas with the government
officers (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, water development board).
1.4. The methodological learning in the field While doing the fieldwork the field team encountered a few issues with the checklists as well as the
implementation of particular tools. All the learning of the fieldwork can be summarized as follows;
Field practice was required for the enumerators: Relative ‘discomfort’ on certain issues of
the checklist was observed among the FGD facilitators during the fieldwork. This may have
originated because of the lack of practice that usually is included in the training program for
enumerators. Initially it was thought that mock practice will suffice this need. However, as
enumerators came from various backgrounds, some had comparative advantages on some
sections while others may have had challenges in facilitation. For any future assessment field
practice after the training should be made mandatory so that the enumerators can facilitate
the FGDs more comfortably without reading each and every word in the checklists.
Group formation and relative representation of the communities: It should be noted that
apart from basic selection criteria of the participant of FGD, it was mentioned that the group
should be organized in such a way that represent the overall community i.e. vulnerable
group FGDs should not only include the day laborers rather be composed of representations
of various wage based livelihoods. Detailing about group formation system should be further
emphasized from next such assessments so that agencies consider that the FGD participants
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should not only be taken from their existing beneficiaries rather from a premise that
appropriately represents the group that is sought for.
Checklists required more contextualization: Even though the checklist of each tool has gone
through reviews among the TWG members, while applying at the field a few limitations
were found. The livelihoods section required more review and contextualization. On the
other hand, some key information could have been added to understand the depth of
vulnerability of the people.
More preparatory work for UzDMC and UDMC consultation meeting is required: Based on
the premise that this is a ‘rapid’ assessment this joint/mixed group meeting were decided so
that the representatives of different unions can have a common platform to discuss the
status of each Unions affected by the flood and water logging. Union-wise UDMC meetings
are not suitable for a rapid assessment as this require more time. As all these meetings been
organized within a short notice all the chairmen of Unions, who usually have busy work
schedule, could not attend the meeting. However, it was made sure that at least the
representatives of the affected Unions were present in the meeting.
Preparedness of the FSC to conduct such assessment: One of the core propositions that can
be made based on the learning from the current assessment is that the FSC should prepare a
‘questionnaire/checklist bank’ including field manual for different tools. This ‘bank’ can be
used whenever required for the following assessments;
o Immediately after disaster (within 2/3 days): A sample question bank on emergency
humanitarian needs should be prepared that can be conducted with minimum
training of the data collector.
o 1st Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 1 month): Within 1 month a rapid food
security assessment should be done considering the dimensions of food security. A
questionnaire/checklist bank should be prepared considering different seasonality
aspects of livelihoods, agriculture etc.
o 2nd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 6 month): This follow up
assessment should be essentially a tracking study of the 1st assessment considering
the key food security indicators. However, seasonality aspects should be clearly and
rigorously reviewed prior embarking on this assessment.
o 3rd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (1 year): This is once again a tracking
study of the 1st and 2nd assessment. However as the seasons of livelihoods and
agriculture changes so another review of the checklists should be made.
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Key findings:
1. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected by damaged Aus rice
production Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice
production. Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the
farmers managed to harvest the Aman rice. Scenario varied in different Upazilas ranging from
60-100 percent of a normal production.
2. In the current year, despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce
Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production
was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low
selling price of Boro may constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial investment
in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it is estimated that
marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce which is not at all
sufficient to make next investment. Only option remaining with them is a taking loan from the
MFIs or the money lenders.
3. After Boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers (shrimp farms) and
Aman transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease
and capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging thus constraining alternate income
opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the
area. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that the cultivation areas are not
predominantly Aman producing areas. Therefore the coming Aman season is not going to
provide sufficient jobs. Moreover Aman plantation is not a labor intensive activity like Boro.
4. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact
availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.
5. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the
usual year round return from small scale farming is not available.
6. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a
heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda (a kind of shrimp) farming
further exacerbated the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a
strong sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and experienced a high level
of siltation.
CHAPTER 2 2. Food Availability
Page | 6
2.1. Crop Sector
2.1.1. Overview
The flood affected areas predominantly produces Aman and Boro rice. Moreover, the spatial
dynamics of the affected area is very diverse in terms of agricultural production if we consider
agriculture as a broad and integrated sector consisting crop, fisheries, livestock and forest. It should
be noted that Upazila level aggregate statistics may not necessarily represent the situation of the
most affected area1 i.e. Union or Wards of Unions where the FGDs were conducted. The major rice
crops in Satkhira are the rain fed T. Aman (60%) followed by the winter rice Boro (35%) and T. Aus
(5%)2. Based on the agricultural reporting from 2003 Aman was the most dominant crop in Satkhira
and Jessore region. Over the time the expansion of shrimp farms in the south has occupied many
Aman lands thus reducing the net Aman production area. In the recent FGDs, 43% of the FGDs
claimed that their areas are not predominantly Aman producing area.
During the flood in August 2011, the majority of the agricultural lands in the affected Upazilas and
Unions either had Aus crop in the field to be harvested in August-September or just planted Aman
seed beds. The rainfall induced flood and water logging submerged the agricultural fields with 4 to 6
feet of water for over 20 days, which was sufficient enough to damage the standing Aus crops as
well as the Aman seed beds and some percentage of just transplanted Aman crop. Usually Satkhira
district is surplus vegetable producing district. During this time of the year the majority of the
households produce summer vegetables in the homestead gardens. However, all the homestead
vegetables are damaged due to the deep and prolonged flooding/water logging.
2.1.2. The impact
The main standing crops affected by water logging/flooding were T. Aman seed bed, T. Aman (a
large portion of which was planted), Transplanted Aus (at harvesting stage) locally called Block
2,chili, betel leaf, vegetables and other minor crops. The full extent of damage to crops was not
officially established, whereas situation in Khulna Division especially in Satkhira district showed slow
sign of improvement but causing widespread damage as reported by the respective agriculture
departments of GOB. In 7 Upazilas of Satkhira district heavy rainfall induced water logging affected
17,465 hectare of transplanted Aman (T. Aman), 3890 hectare of transplanted Aus (T. Aus) and 1679
hectare of vegetables.
1 Aggregate Upazila level statistics have been collected from each of the selected study Upazila’s relevant
government office. On the other hand, community level perceptive information has been collected from FGDs conducted in the most affected Unions or the ward of Unions. Hence, it is likely that while a particular ward of a Union may suggest that there were no e.g. Aman crop, but at Upazila level we may find that the aggregate production is same or even may have increased.
2 The crop production estimates in Satkhira are compiled from agricultural production time series data by
districts published by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
Page | 7
Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production
Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas
Upazila Area inundated (ha)*
Crop damage; Total area and last T. Aman (ha)
Number of farmers affected
Aman production (mt-clean rice)
Current Boro production (mt- clean rice)
Future production prospect of Aman, summer vegetables and local cash crops (ha)
Asasuni 2,905 Total-1805, T. Aman- 1760
3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, Vegetables-548,Mustard-220,Potato-95
Debhata 3,035 Total- 1388, T. Aman- 1225
8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman-5350,Vegetables-500.Mustard-1250,Potato-275
Tala 6,300 Total- 4848, T. Aman- 2000
54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman-8340,Vegetables-1110,Pusle-530,Mustard,340,Wheat-180,Potatao-450
Satkhira S.
5,800 Total- 4400, T. Aman- 3200
29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman-18000,Vegetables-2480,Pusle-585,Mustard-2900,Wheat-460,Potatao-800
Keshabpur
3,500 Total- 2476 T. Aman- 1516
18,530 22,516 64,112 T. Aman 9373,Vegetable-560,Wheat-360,Potato-320,Chilli-255,Onion-250,Pulse-550
Monirampur
3,200 Total= 2145 T. Aman= 1680
18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500,Vegetables-3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse-1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed-350
* Area inundated information only gives an estimate of crop land inundated not the actual land area.
In case of the affected Unions, the focus
groups reported that the last T. Aman
production in November/December
2011 was much less than normal
production due to damage of seed beds.
During the flood when farmers were
fully or partially affected by damaged
Aus production, the T. Aman was their
post flood crop before cultivating Boro.
Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman
producing lands were damaged, the
farmers harvested the T. Aman where
the scenario varied in different Upazilas
ranging from 60-100%. Based on the
production trend, T. Aman rice
production (clean rice) ranged from 2.6
to 2.9 MT/ha.
7%
21%
43%
29%
Boro Status
25% of normal production
26-50% of normal production
51-75% of normal production
More than 75% of normal production
Page | 8
50%
15%
14%
7%
14%
Turmeric
Not turmeric producing area Planting not possible
Limited quantity
Moderate
Normal
In case of Boro paddy communities reported that on average the yield per acre was quite good.
However, all the cultivable lands could not be brought under Boro production which has brought
down the total production to some extent. Thirty percent of the FGDs response shows that they had
less than 50 percent of a normal Boro harvest, whereas for majority the Boro production was 50 to
75 percent of a normal production. On top of the low yield of Boro, the farmers did not receive a fair
price for the crop, which was the case for the Boro farmers throughout the country. Combining both
yield and price shows a marked reduction of net profit for a farmer. This reduced profit is very likely
to have an impact on investment capacity for the planting of upcoming Aus and Aman crops. A cost
return estimate based on the information on average agricultural input cost and net selling price
per/maund (40kg) of rice during the time of field work suggests that on an average a Boro cultivator
is likely to have a profit of 4,557tk/acre if he sells the harvested paddy during the peak time.
Considering the net land owned by a marginal farmer not exceeding 1.5 acres, the profit is extremely
insufficient. Marginal farmers usually access loan from various sources to meet the expenses of Boro
cultivation and due to this reason an initial push factor to sell the harvest persists everywhere. The
limited profit will push the marginal farmers to access loans again at high interest rate for the
upcoming crops and this vicious cycle of loan and its repayment is likely to have an effect on food
expenditure.
Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers
Besides paddy production, cash crops like turmeric and potato did not seem to be promising
enough. Fifty percent of the FGDs reported not producing the cash crops whereas 15 to 20 percent
were expecting a normal production and for the remaining 20 percent the production was moderate
to poor.
Seed
(Tk
.)
Fert
ilize
r(Tk
.)
Pes
tici
de
(T
k.)
Tilla
ge +
Irri
gati
on
(T
k.)
Lab
or
(Tk.
)
Har
vest
ing
(cu
ttin
g,
thre
shin
g &
tran
spo
rtat
ion
) (T
k.)
Yiel
d
mau
nd
/acr
e
sell
pri
ce
(las
t 2
we
ek o
f M
ay)
Gai
n /
Lo
ss (
Tk.)
1393 6374 1759 7910 5432 6171 59 574 4577
Graph 3 Turmeric potential Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential
57%
7%
7%
7%
22%
Potato Not Potato producing area
Planting not possible
Limited quantity
Moderate
Normal
Page | 9
2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops.
The communities are dubious about going for a full-fledged production of summer vegetables and Aman production due to limited investment capacity and in anticipation of another crop loss. Despite this concern communities do not have any other alternatives as agriculture is their main livelihood. Among other crops 29 percent of the communities reported that they would produce some pulse and oil seeds. As mentioned earlier Aus is a very minor crop in this area and only 7 percent FGDs suggested that there is a potential to have a moderate cultivation of Aus. For potato and turmeric the farmers reported that amount of land to be cultivated as compared to a normal season might be 35 percent.
All the following vegetables were reported to have prospect ranging from limited quantity to normal production. Notably most of these are summer vegetables which do not have much prospect. Notably, the vegetables which are regarded as high value crops i.e. brinjal, okra etc. have limited area coverage. Usually, commercial high value vegetable crop production requires significant level of wage labor. Cash crop production also depends on the suitability of land, farmer’s enthusiasm and motivation, financial ability, local demand, cost benefit ratio of the product and existing marketing facilities. As the area coverage for the forthcoming crop production has been reported to be very low this might negatively impact the market for the daily agricultural laborers. Moreover, limited summer vegetable production may also influence the dietary diversity of the people in the area which will be discussed in the food consumption chapter.
2.1.4. Assistance provided
No assistance is provided either from government or donors or NGOs (international and national) to
the affected crop farmers for agricultural production. 7419 farmers out of 132,552 affected farmers
in the studied Upazilas were supported for Aus, Aman or Nerika paddy production by the DAE. The
support package usually consisted of seed and fertilizer.
Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Indian Spinach
Red Amaranth
Brinjal Cabbage Okra Spinach Stem Amaranth
Yard long bean
Pointed gourd
Country Bean
% o
f ar
eas
like
ly p
rod
uce
Vegetable potential
Page | 10
50%
33%
17%
Major reasons if unable to plant major crops
Do not have sufficient money to purchase inputs
Flood risk
Swith to gher 77%
15%
8%
Source of money for planned crops
MFI
Money lender
Own saving
2.1.5. Major constraints
Limited resources to invest in agriculture followed by risk of flood in the coming monsoon were
identified as the major two constraints in the FGDs. Fifty percent of the communities suggested that
money is their main problem for the upcoming crop production. In response to the various sources
on investment over 80 percent of the respondent groups were likely to have loans from micro-
finance institutions and money lenders. This raises the question on the viability on the investment
and as very often the return on investment may be spent on repaying back the interest of the loan.
2.2. Livestock Sector
2.2.1. Background
One of the coping strategies that households followed was selling of poultry and livestock (animal
assets) at a lower price. Feed and shelter for the livestock became extremely challenging for
marginal households and damage done by the flood has not yet been recovered. Twenty one
percent of the focus groups reported that they have partly recovered their livestock and the rest
have not recovered at all. As livestock subsector often contributes in regular income for the marginal
households the situation has worsened the monetary flow for these households. It should be noted
that the local chicken and duck farming is based on indigenous techniques i.e. usually on scavenging
basis with no or very less disease control measures. Insufficient measures for controlling diseases,
high livestock and poultry feed price, lack of training and marketing facilities supplies and services
are the main constraints to move forward.
2.2.2. Damages
Satkhira district under Khulna Division was the most affected by losses (around 142,800 heads of
chickens, 4381 heads of ducks, 62800 heads of cows, 58500 goats, 1280 sheep, 180 buffalos) due to
water logging as reported by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS). This excludes the value of
the affected animal sheds and other available feeds. The infrastructural losses were estimated
around Tk. 21.7 million. Moreover, the figures could increase as the livestock’s are now more
susceptible to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.
Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops
Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops
Page | 11
2.2.3. Current situation
The economic losses of the farmers were high as they were forced to sell their livestock and poultry
stocks in low price. Most farmers could not start restocking of livestock and poultry which needed
cash. They were expecting cash from future crop sale, asset sale or land lease or borrowing money
from local sources (bank or NGOs or private). They farmers, specially the landless, marginal and
small farmers who lost crops in addition to livestock, poultry and fisheries need support for recovery.
2.2.4. Future prospect
The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities in Satkhira as elsewhere in
the country, particularly for the rural poor. Small-scale livestock rearing provided self-employment
to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20023. Post-flood rehabilitation programme needs
to be undertaken to support this livestock sub-sector providing inputs, infrastructure materials and
loans on low/soft interest. There is promising possibility of raising livestock and poultry in affected
Upazilas of Satkhira compared to crop production which are mostly affected due to salinity in land..
2.2.5. Assistance provided
No assistance from the DLS except advisory services was provided. In some of the Upazilas they
provided vaccines and the medicines. No supports from NGOs or donors were noticed.
2.3. Fisheries sector
2.3.1. Background
In coastal areas of Satkhira, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. A sizable
percentage of rural/costal population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. With prevalence of
brackish water facilitates, the aquaculture sector (shrimp cultivation mainly) represents major
livelihood opportunity in the area where the annual pattern is shrimp-fallow-Boro. As mentioned
earlier almost 43% of the communities in the studied area reported that they do not produce Aman
as those are dedicated shrimp area. Shrimp/fish ghers generate a significant demand of labor
especially in the preparatory phases i.e. earth works, liming and lining, etc. Places which are shrimp
area and have a poor outlook in this year are in a highly vulnerable situation for the poorer wage
labor households.
2.3.2. Damages
The main damages of water logging occurred
to fish pond and shrimp ghers in Satkhira
district. In fisheries sector carp ponds and
ghers of shrimp were inundated. The
Department of Fisheries (DoF) of Satkhira
estimated that the financial loss due to
inundation stands at Tk. 3014.717 million,
affecting around 27,967 fishers and fishermen.
2.3.3. Current situation
During the primary fieldwork, it was observed
that the gher farmers are preparing the field
3Danida, 2002 Report
Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook
29%
7%
36%
21%
7%
Shrimp/fish outlook Not shrimp/fish area
Production not possible
20% of normal production
20-50% of normal production
More than 50% of normal production
Page | 12
for the rainy season which creates employment for the wage laborer. However, along with the
community people, local fisheries officer of all the study areas mentioned that there is an outbreak
of diseases in bagda shrimp ghers and this may aggravate the situation. Community perception
suggests that only 7% of the areas probably will experience a normal production and other shrimp
growing areas are likely to have a moderate or limited production. It was also reported that the last
flood has left a huge number of gher owners in debt and as the rivers have not been dredged so
there is an uncertainty about making further investment which may wash away if there is slightly
more rain than usual.
2.3.4. Assistance provided
No assistance from the DoF except advisory services has been provided. No support from NGOs or
donors was noticed.
Page | 13
Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries
Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers
Availability and access to fisheries feed and medicines
Any assistance provided to the gher and fish pond owners by your Department
Name unions worst affected in terms of damage to fishery
Mr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Asasuni Upazila, Satkhira
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but for bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water because water levels of the ghers are very low.
Feed are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali, Sapnali, Budhata- severely affected and Assasuni is partly affected.
Mr. Md. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Debhata Upazila, Satkhira
No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 10%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are severly affected whereas Debhata and Shakhipur are lightly affected.
Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. Bazlur Rahman Sarder, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira.
No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 20%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but nothing was provided accordingly. Some assistance through Aila project was provided to some of the affected people.
Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar, Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata, Kumira- are severely affected whereas Khalil Nagar, Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and Sorolia are partially affected.
Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud, District Fisheries Officer, Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal Kumar Ghose, Assistant Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar,
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga, Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are severely affected while Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali, Buna, Shibpur, Homra,
Page | 14
Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers
Availability and access to fisheries feed and medicines
Any assistance provided to the gher and fish pond owners by your Department
Name unions worst affected in terms of damage to fishery
Satkhira reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.
Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are partially affected.
Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Mr. Md. Alamgir Kabir, Assistant Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. AmanUllah, Extension Officer, Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.
Limited feeds are generally used in fish culture. But for golda and bagda culture nothing is used. Feeds are available locally. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari, SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are severely affected while Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot, Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur - are partially affected.
Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Monirampur, Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported.
Limited feeds are generally used. Feeds are available locally but if required more they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.
Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO, Jessore; Mr. Md. MizanurRahman, Project Director, Bhabodah Project; Mr. Bishwajit Bairagi, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Jessore Sadar Upazila, Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.
Limited feeds are generally used. Feeds are available locally but if required more they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Jhanpa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.
Page | 15
Key findings
1. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and
laborers claimed that their recovery has not been satisfactory.
2. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their
hand but they were also fearfully anticipating the coming lean season especially in the
areas where Aman is not produced substantially (43% communities).
3. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been
reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children
also contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71
percent of the FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field,
agricultural field and rickshaw van pulling. However, agricultural wage of children and
women laborer remained extremely low. Compared to that of a male laborer, a child
laborer and a female laborer received over 60 percent and 30 percent less respectively.
4. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the
upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have
been benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice
are almost similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal
scenario. Usually in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the
Aman planting season (Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up.
5. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher
areas. Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not
provide extensive livelihood opportunities.
6. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation
as the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will
again create water logging.
CHAPTER 3
3. Food Accessibility
3.1. Livelihoods recovery status This follow up assessment was conducted immediately after the Boro harvest which is normally a
lean season for the agricultural wage laborer. On the other hand, this is the time when agricultural
wage laborers also have food and cash stock as wage during Boro harvesting time is the highest
Page | 16
-
20
40
60
80
100
% o
f FG
D r
esp
on
se
Major livelihoods status
Not affected
No recovered
Moderately normal
Fully normal
amongst all the agricultural
seasons. Communities reported
that slowly all the major
livelihoods of the vulnerable
groups are coming back to
normal situation. Recession of
water and the Boro season made
a positive impact for both the
marginal farmers as well as the
agricultural day laborers. On the
other hand the status of the non-
agriculture laborer and petty
traders also has had notable
progress. Response on the
fisheries related occupations
shows a slow pace of recovery due to a number of reasons. One reason is that the last few months
have remained extremely dry and the flow of water from upstream rivers in the coastal rivers was
marginal. On the other hand, most of the ponds/ ghers became dry. Hence, this is a usual dry season
picture of fishing sector in the area.
3.2. State of agricultural labor households Generally, households dependent on income from agricultural day labor are vulnerable due to their
limited ownership and access to agricultural land. Most of their income comes from wage they get
working for other tenant households. In case of Satkhira, the number of small agricultural
households has doubled in last 12 years from 37 percent to 55 percent. This particular feature has a
number of connotations. At one end, the capacity to invest in high value commercial crops is limited,
and on the other side, due to very small/no savings they are pushed towards negative coping
strategies such as migration, reducing quality and quantity of food consumption \ when natural
calamities devastates their small crop holdings. In addition to this, the non-farm holdings find it
difficult to manage work locally due to crowding out effect in local labor market.
Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings
From last August to till now, overall agricultural sector has experienced only a full productive season
of Boro. So the labor cushion that the sector usually creates has not happened yet as other prime
sectors like shrimp/fish production has only partially recovered. Due to this reason, small farm
Items 1996 2008
All Holding
s
Non-farm
Holdings
Farm Holdings All Holdings
Non-farm
Holdings
Farm Holdings
Total Small Medium
Large Total Small Medium
Large
Agri. Households
116627 54863 61764 59051 2515 198 224219 100428 123791 112998 9592 1201
Percentage 100 47.04 52.95 95.60 4.07 0.32 100 44.79 55.20 91.28 7.748 0.97
Percent of All Holdings
38.29 52.46 30.88 37.18 7.15 3.26 54.10 59.60 50.34 54.57 28.62 22.50
Source: Agriculture Census, 2008. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods
Page | 17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Already resumed
Between one and
two months
Between two and
three months
In more than three
months
Don’t know
Re
spo
nse
%
Time required for recovery
1st rank response % 2nd rank response %
holders and non-farm holders have been experiencing a chronic shortage of capital which has been
reported as the main constraint to revive the livelihoods. Key reasons are crowding out effect in local
labor market and lack of operating capital to start the small scale livelihoods options.
Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
One of the aspects that persist across all the communities is the uncertainty rooted in the lack of
water carrying capacity of the rivers. While exploring the perception on the time frame required for
full recovery of the major livelihoods they mentioned about the uncertainty looming as the rivers
have not been dredged. Moreover, a number of canals have been excavated through cash for work
program by a number of agencies. Now these canals are deeper than the linked rivers and the sluice
gates of these canals are still ineffective. If it rains more than ‘normal’ then it is very much likely that
the canals may not carry out the water
from the fields. Apparently, marginal
farmers have no other way out then to
invest in T. Aman paddy and they are
very much uncertain on the fate of this
crop.
Above all, the post-harvest situation
should be considered in case of drawing
any conclusion. At present the price of
clean coarse rice is perhaps lowest
comparing the prices in last few years.
Moreover, the primary fieldwork was
conducted immediately after the
harvesting and during this time usually
labor households earn more money
comparing to other months. The
entourage of low rice price and income
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pond for shrimp farming still under water
Surplus labour Lack of money to buy input for
agriculture
Lack of money to buy input for
fisheris
Lack of money to buy livestock
other (specify)
% r
esp
on
se in
eac
h r
anki
ng
Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
Key Constraint-Rank 1 Key Constraint-Rank 2 Key Constraint-Rank 3
Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods
Page | 18
32%
16% 6%
30%
16%
Setorwise involvement of children U 15
Agri wage labour
Van/Ricskaw
Earth work
Miscellaneous
36%
19%
4%
10%
31%
Sectorwise employment by women
Agri wage
CFW
CFT
Handicraft
Miscellaneous
from the Boro harvest has significantly increased the buying capacity of rice for the labor
households. On the other hand, a gradual positive change can be seen in terms of wage comparing
the peak flood and December scenarios.
Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity
Before flood June 2011
Peak flood/ August 2011
Dec-11 May-12
% change now & Before flood
% change now & peak flood
% change now & Dec.
Agri wage (Tk/day) 200 100 129 136 -46.8 26.6 5.5
Non-agri wage (Tk/day)
210 50 136 169 -24.0 70.5 19.6
Rice price (Tk/Kg) 32.63 36.9 28 25 -29.2 -46.0 -9.9
ToT ag day labourer (Kg rice)
6.1 2.7 4.6 5.1 -20.2 46.8 9.0
ToT, non ag day labourer (Kg rice)
6.4 1.5 4.9 6.3 -2.4 75.6 21.9
3.3. State of children and female day laborer In all communities it has been reported that female contribute a considerable proportion of income.
Moreover, 71% of the communities suggested that they have sent children to work. Women and
children work in diversified labor intensive sectors for a low wage. Average wage for children is
around 50-70 taka depending on the nature and type of work. Average wage for women is also
found to be the same except activities by the agencies.
Around 1/3 of the child and female labors work in agricultural sectors and around 23% of women
been employed through the CFT/CFW activities. Women are also involved in work like earth work,
gher, mason helper, hair collection, snail collection, fishing, domestic help etc. In case of children it is
alarming that their involvement in hazardous work e.g. work in brick fields is significant. Other major
employment sectors are domestic help, mango orchard, restaurant, tutoring, micro business, brick
field, van rickshaw pulling.
Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by women Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by Children
Page | 19
3.4. Alternate livelihoods for laborers and marginal farmers As mentioned earlier that the major livelihoods are slowly coming back to normal situation. During
last few months all the vulnerable households had to seek employment from alternative sources.
Migration seems to be the most
significant alternative that the
households usually adopt. 100% of
the communities reported that
they migrated when they could not
find work at local level.
Employment generation activity by
the agencies has contributed
significantly and is the 2nd most
important source that provided the
households with employment.
Other options like loan, purchase
food on credit have also been taken
by some of the households.
3.5. Price of basic staples While ToT i.e. real income in terms of rice purchasing capacity has significantly increased prices of
other basic staples have also had a sharp increase. Comparing the prices in four different points
shows that except rice all the price of basic commodities have increased. This price hike in general
has influenced the dietary practice of all the vulnerable households. Apart from fresh fish all other
basic staples is linked with national level commodity supply chains and as long as the road transport
communication and local physical market remains functional these prices will continue to fluctuate
with national market prices. On the other hand, during flood and water recession time the price of
fresh fish was very much reasonable and households could even catch fish from water bodies
around.
Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
% o
f co
mm
un
itie
s re
po
rte
d
Alternative Source of Employment
Page | 20
Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples
3.6. Expenditure in vulnerable households Sector-wise expenditure reveals that the major expenditure source is food followed by medicine,
shelter repair and repayment of loans. It was widely discussed in the FGDs that most of the
vulnerable households accessed loans from local money lender during the time of flood as MFIs
stopped providing the loan and also stopped collecting installments for some time. Latter, when
water receded these groups once again started accessing the loans of MFIs to pay back the loan and
interest to the money lenders. This cycle is still continuing and a major portion of their income is
going back to the MFIs. As most of the vulnerable households are now in this cycle of loan, so it is
likely that any small cash grant may end up in repaying loans. On the other hand, specific
interventions designed to generate year round income may result in better capacity to manage
these loans.
Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Local Rice Wheat/flour Fresh fish(small)
Masur Soybean oil salt potato
Tk/k
g Price trend of basic staples
Jun-11
Aug-11
Dec-11
May-12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Food Medicine Repair shelter
Recovery of livelihood
Purchase of agricultural
inputs
Repayment of loan
Children’s’ education
Others
Sectorwise expenditure
1st rank
2nd rank
3rd rank
Page | 21
Key findings:
1. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after
the post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no
communities were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance
programmes and availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs
responded that they belong to the borderline category which was only 38% in December
and 18% in August.
2. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and
pulses and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-
harvest assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS
has deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.
3. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of
August 2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of
the pregnant and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.
4. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is
over 2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption
was reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice
are spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the
prices of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the
quality and quantity of the food basket.
5. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there
are significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.
6. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and
unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the
overall wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.
7. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of
worm infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
CHAPTER 4
4. Food Consumption and Utilization
Page | 22
10% 0% 7%
18% 38%
57%
72% 61% 36%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
August Dec-11 May-12
Food Consumption Score
Poor score: ≤ 28 Borderline score: >28 to ≤ 42
Acceptable score: 43-52
6.7
0.6
0.3
4.8
4.6
2.9
6.1
0.4
0.0
1.3
4.1
2.0
1.5
3.2
6
1.4
0
6.8
3
5.2
5.6
2.2
0
0.4
0.4
0
0.2
2
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Rice
Wheat
Other cereals
Potatoes
Pulses
Vegetables
Edible oil
Fish
Meat, poultry
Egg
Milk & milk product
Fruits
Sugar, molasses (gur)
Condi & spices
Diet Diversity
Dec-12
May-12
4.1. Food consumption and nutrition Comparing FCSs of August, December
and May shows that there is a gradual
shift from acceptable scores towards
borderline score. At present 57% of the
FGDs responded that they belong to the
borderline category which was only 38%
in December and 18% in August. One of
the reasons is the protein intake has
reduced over the time especially fish
that was abundant during the time of
flood. Moreover, in first few months
after flood there were ongoing food
assistance programs from a number of
agencies. It should be reiterated here
that among all households in Satkhira,
54% is agricultural wage dependent households and these FGDs were also conducted among them.
FCS also suggests that the overall nutritional security is worsening for majority of the vulnerable
groups.
4.2. Diet diversity and frequency The graph below has been generated tabulating weekly consumption of 14 food groups by
vulnerable households. Comparing the current household dietary diversity with that of the month of
December shows that positive changes occurred in case of rice, spices, sugar, milk and milk product,
and pulses. On the other hand, protein and vegetable consumption reduced significantly. The high
protein consumption in December was an inflated scenario due to availability of fish in the open
waters and free pulse distribution by agencies providing external assistance. These households
usually buy ‘anchor’ pulse which is a low quality, low priced imported pulse. Moreover, the price of
potato has increased significantly within just last 2 months and reduction of the price of rice also
Graph 16 Food Consumption Score
Graph 17 Diet diversity
Page | 23
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Before flood Peak flood (August)
December Now
gm/p
ers
on
Kg/
HH
Rice requirement and consumption
Average rice consumption in Kg/household
Average rice in gram/person/day
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Intra household meal frequency
May-12
Dec-11
Aug-11
contributed in higher amount of carbohydrate consumption.
A significant improvement is visible in case of rice consumption. Across vulnerable and female group
FGDs it was reported that an average
household (5 to 6 members) consumed
around 2.7 kg of rice per day. Comparing this
information with before flood, during flood
and/ December scenario shows that
households are consuming even more than
they usually consumed last June. The income
from the recent Boro harvest, low rice price
and marginal farmers having crop stock at
home are possible reasons for such good
consumption of rice. Moreover, wage
laborers also reported that they can find
work on an average 4 days per week
therefore their average income per month is
Taka 2241 which is higher than December
income of Taka 1560. Considering
requirement of around 70 kg rice per
household, estimated 94% of the income is
spent on rice procurement. As households especially the marginal farmers may have some stock at
home from last Boro harvest so the proportion of expenditure on rice may be lower in recent times.
Despite the reduced expenditure in rice the overall expenditure in food was reported to be high in
section 3.6. The increased price of oil, pulse, salt and potato the basic food items for the poor
households have contributed to the increased expenditure on food. In the upcoming lean season the
rice consumption will decline.
4.3. Intra household food consumption There is an improvement in meal
frequency across all age groups
compared to that of August
2011.However, concerns remain over
significant reduction of meal frequency
of the pregnant and lactating mother and
under five children comparing the last
December. Meal frequency for the adult
male and female is almost the same
having 2 and a half meal per day.
Throughout the affected areas several
patterns of meal cooking practice have
been reported. In some areas,
households usually prepare food 2 times
a day whereas in some parts it is 3 times.
The general practice is to have the
Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person
Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency
Page | 24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1st rank 2nd rank 1st rank 2nd rank
Dec-11 May-12
% r
epo
nse
fro
m t
he
com
mu
nit
ies
Source of water
Supplied water
Tubewell
Open water body
Rain water
DTW/STW
leftovers of the dinner of previous night or in another way, rice cooked overnight and kept steeped
in water to consume in the morning.
4.4. Water and Sanitation
4.4.1. Source of water
Significant improvement has been seen in terms of access to safe water4 by households in the
affected areas. While around 89% of the communities were accessing safe water in the month of
December, it has increased up to 96% by end of May. This statistics also surpasses the estimates of
Household Food Security and Nutrition Survey (HFSNA) 2009 showing 94.8 % of households’ access
safe water. Depending on the frequency of rain, households also reported that they use rain water
whenever it is available. Apart from drinking, households generally use water from ponds and/open
water bodies to wash utensils and household members also generally bath in open water bodies.
4.4.2. Time to fetch water
Around 70% of the households can now fetch drinking water within 30 minutes which was
only 20% during December. Most of the
water points have been repaired and
contributed in reducing the time to collect
water. On the other hand, it should also be
considered seriously that where 96% of the
communities are accessing tube-well water
and the aggregate amount of time spent by
women to fetch water is huge. At present
32% of the communities spend more than
30 minutes to fetch water. In some of the
areas which are predominantly shrimp
farming (gher) areas the scarcity of water is
still very high and women spent more than
4 The definition of safe water considers quality, quantity and sustainability criteria as its basic components. However, in this assessment source of water has been used as the key indicator assuming that the access to tube well water is the safest source that the households generally access.
Graph 20 Source of water in the households
Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice
7%
36%
36%
21%
Childrens feces disposal Safe disposal Place where people dump waste Bush In water body
Page | 25
0
20
40
60
80
100
Tubewell Hygeniec materia;
Water storage
jar
Sanitary Latrine
Sufficient water
Safe place for
bath
Other (DTW)
% o
f co
mm
un
itie
s re
po
rted
WaSH priorities
Male 1st Priorities Male 2nd Priorities
Female 1st Priorities Female 2nd Priorities
one hour to collect drinking water for the household and 7% of the communities spend such
amount of time.
4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities
Across communities significant positive change has been made towards using sanitary latrine. During
the month of December 35% of the communities were using open defecation as their most common
practice which has reduced to less than 3%. However, cumulative use of hanging/open latrine, pit
latrine and open defecation is still around 20% which is perhaps one of the key reasons of higher
incidence of diarrheal diseases. On the other hand, in case of children’s feces disposal in only 7% of
the cases people use the safe disposal technique and in 93% of cases this is practiced in open spaces
posing higher threat to human health.
4.4.4. WaSH priorities
While setting up priorities in WaSH, male participants in FGDs emphasized mainly on tube
well and sanitary latrine
whereas female participants
prioritized having a sanitary
latrine for the household
should as females faces
difficulty accessing common
latrine facilities and they also
do no practice open
defecation as males do.
Moreover some marginal
households reported that
they sold out or lost the
water storage utensils during
the flood and till date could
Graph 22 Defecation point access trend
Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank 1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank
Dec-11 May-12
% o
f p
eop
le
Defecation point
Sanitary Latrine (family)
Sanitary Latrine (public)
Damaged family latrine
Damaged public latrine
Hanging/open latrine
Open Defecation
Others (pit latrine)
Page | 26
0
20
40
60
80
100
Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12
Adut Children
% r
esp
on
se
Symptom/result of undernutrition
Tiredness Palor of skin Anemia Lower weight Others
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12
Children disease Adult disease
% o
f co
mm
un
itie
s re
po
rted
Disease prevalance
Diarrhoea
cold and fever
skin disease
Gastric/ulcer
Pneumonia
Others
not buy any metal water storage jar.
4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites
93% percent of the communities reported worm prevalence and among those communities
14 percent reported to have extreme prevalence. Based on the community reporting such
prevalence is quite high which has strong linkage with underutilization of food and may
have linkage with other symptoms of under-nutrition. At one hand, food consumption score
is moving toward borderline status, and on the other hand there is possibility that whatever
they are consuming cannot utilized due to higher prevalence of gut parasites. It should be
noted that while deworming is done for the school going children and has been
incorporated in the national immunization programme, community level deworming is not
done.
4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition
General perception on common
symptoms and results of under-
nutrition has been collected from all
the communities. There is a common
perception that both adult and children
have been having the same problem of
‘tiredness’. Another major perception is
‘lower weight’ of children. However, it
should be noted that this assessment
did not carry out any proper nutrition
measurements like MUAC or
anthropometry. Women also reported
to have observed anemia among
children and adults.
4.4.7. Common diseases
Perceptions on common diseases clearly
suggest the overall hygiene and
sanitation situation has a direct linkage
with high level of diarrhea among
children and adult and this has not
changed much compared to situation in
December. Even in this dry season when
on an average 96% of the communities
reported to have accessing tubewell
water, there seems to be a common
hygiene problem across all the
communities. Another major perception
Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition
Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children
Page | 27
was found to be cold and fever which communities suggested to have been linked with the
‘seasonal change’, high temperature and humidity. Wide prevalence of skin diseases have
been reported in many communities, especially in the areas where marginal people work in
ghers It was claimed that the water of the ghers have become contaminated as well as the
waters of the open water bodies which they use for bathing.
Page | 28
CHAPTER 5
5. Coping strategies, priorities and needs
5.1. Coping strategies Throughout Bangladesh vulnerable households adopt a diverse range of strategies to cope with
different shocks. Coping strategy index (CSI) has been used earlier5 in Bangladesh and elsewhere to
understand the severity and vulnerability of different socio-economic groups. This particular
assessment collected only the general coping strategies adopted by the vulnerable groups in last few
months. If adaptive strategy is employed compromising the asset of the households than that
particular coping strategy may also affect future livelihoods security. The following graph shows that
the number of response on selling asset (land, tree), or purchase food on credit is less. These types
of strategies have potential to affect the livelihoods security. The most practiced strategies were
reduction of meal size and female adults eating less, which are commonly practiced coping
strategies in lean seasons throughout Bangladesh.
Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households
5 Socio-economic Profiles of WFP Operational areas & Beneficiaries, 2006, pg 90.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Reduced meal size
Eat less preferred
food
Eat roadside
vegetables etc
Male adults eat less to
feed children
Female adults eat
less to feed children;
Selling advanced
labour
Purchase food on credit
Migration Send children to
work
Selling land/tree
% o
f co
mm
un
itie
s re
po
rte
d
Coping Strategies Adopted
1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank
Page | 29
5.2. Priority Needs of the Community In all the FGDs a simple exercise was done by the participants to identify the short term (within 2 months), medium term (2 to 6 months) and long term
(more than 6 months) priority needs. While considering the needs participants emphasized that broad agricultural sector is the key sector that needs to be
revived as this sector (crop and fish) employs wage labor based households. Marginal farmers also considered the imminent risks of flooding and
emphasized on assistance for flood water drainage system revival. Major response came on issues of resumption of livelihoods activities, lack of capital to
continue agriculture in the upcoming season as well as other non-crop investments e.g. shelter, small business. A significant percentage of response came
on food assistance in medium term, IGAs that can generate year round income and various cash grants.
Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
re
sum
pti
on
of
live
liho
od
act
ivit
ies
See
d f
or
agri
cult
ura
l pro
du
ctio
n
Oth
er
agri
cult
ura
l in
pu
ts
She
lte
r
ch
ildre
n r
etu
rn t
o s
cho
ol
He
alth
Car
e
Foo
d
Acc
ess
to
cle
an d
rin
kin
g w
ate
r
Sho
rt t
erm
fin
anci
al s
up
po
rt
IGA
Bab
y fo
od
Gra
nt
for
fish
eri
es
Gra
nt
for
live
sto
ck
Co
oki
ng
ute
nsi
ls
Hav
e f
loo
d w
ate
r d
rain
age
sys
tem
re
vive
d
San
itar
y la
trin
e
Vill
age
infr
astr
uct
ure
de
velo
pm
en
t
Flo
od
sh
elt
er
Sch
oo
l fe
ed
ing
pro
g.
War
m c
loth
es
% r
esp
on
se
Priority Needs of Vulnerable Groups
Short term needs Medium term needs Long term needs
Page | 30
5.3. Population and Areas in Need of Assistance This assessment had detail consultative workshops with all the UzDMC and UDMC members in all
the selected Upazila under study. Discussion was facilitated in a way where the elected
representatives of the people as well as different officials of various government departments could
reach consensus on the areas which still require external assistance. Identification of area was done
using 3 criteria; percent of population affected due to flood, Boro paddy harvest status and Aman
paddy potential. Severity score was given using the following matrix. Score 1 was given for least
affected, score 2 for medium level affect and score 3 for worst level of affected for that specific
criteria. The exercise considered all the Unions of the affected Upazilas rather than only the study
Unions. When the total score for a specific Union was found to be more than 8 (at least two criteria
shows worst, and another criteria can be medium level to worst affected)
Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices
Criteria 0-33% 34-66% 67-100%
% of population affected 1 2 3 Boro harvest comparing with normal production 3 2 1 Aman potential 3 2 1 Note: 1= least affected, 2=medium affected, 3= worst affected
By using this matrix, the following livelihood and demographic table has been generated for the
priority areas. Total 16 Unions have been identified as priority areas for assistance- 10 unions are in
Satkhira and 6 unions in Jessore.
The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.
1. Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.
2. Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land and
regular income were estimated for livelihood support.
3. Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable households
were estimated for nutrition support.
HFSNA 20096 estimated that 23 percent of the total population in Khulna division is agricultural and
non-agricultural laborers who are functionally landless, and 17 percent are marginal farmers. On the
other hand based on the recent assessment report 8% of the FGD groups identified them as
chronically food insecure and 50 percent of the marginal farmers mentioned they need assistance
for the upcoming agricultural seasons.
In total 16500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16 priority
Unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their livelihoods and 8000
are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment. Out of these total 16500
households, 2500 children under five and PLWs need assistance under integrated mother and child
nutrition programme.
6HFSNA 2009.
Page | 31
Short-term Response Strategy Logic:
The following table justifies the different types of proposed short response.
Response Type
Beneficiaries Type
Duration Logic
Cash grant for farming
Small and Marginal Farmers
Lean season-August to November
1. Marginal farmers experienced a price shock in Boro and could not save to invest in the upcoming crops.
2. As T. Aman preparation is underway by the time intervention starts farmers will have already planted the crop by accessing micro-finance or local money lenders indicated by them. Most of the marginal farmers, if not all, are already in an indebted situation and this usually drains out the inward cash flow of the marginal farmers.
3. This cash support will contribute in paying back the loan for Aman cultivation or in buying other necessary inputs.
4. During lean season marginal farmers are less likely to find wage labor work. So this grant will contribute in the priority expenditures of the HHs.
Cash & food for training on IGA (It can be cash for training, food for training or cash and food for training)
Vulnerable Hh: - Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderly & limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.
Lean season-August to November
1. Around 10% of the households are chronically food insecure due to disability, old age and/or no earning member in the HH.
2. During August to November local agriculture and fisheries subsector will create fewer employments for the wage labor and surplus labor supply is highly likely to reduce the wage.
3. Even after a generally good Boro harvest the dietary diversity has remained imbalanced and overall FCS is following a declining trend. Wage labor HHs are particularly susceptible to under-nutrition during lean season.
4. Recent experience suggests that the expenditure on non-food items has increased as an aftermath of the prolonged water logging i.e. shelter repairing, health expenditure and loans accessed during the flood till boro harvesting time. These also have contributed in less expenditure in food items.
5. Specific IGAs that requires less capital investment and have the ability to provide year round return has been prioritized by the communities. CFT will provide them the learning and investment opportunity on that specific IGA.
6. The price of the basic staples generally increases during this lean season and wage rate decreases. ToT of the labor households reduced significantly and results in a lesser quantity and quality meal consumption.
Integrated maternal
Children under 5 &
Lean season-
1. Alarmingly this assessment suggested that the meal frequency of the PLW and U 5 children has reduced
Page | 32
Response Type
Beneficiaries Type
Duration Logic
& child feeding
PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable households to be assisted
August to November
comparing with last December. 2. As a coping strategy mothers usually consumes less to
feed children in the HHs and this also aggravates the breastfeeding capacity of the PLWs.
3. It was reported that the lactating mothers cannot breastfeed sufficiently due to poor food consumption and poor health. Again, the communities that received Food Assistance for the PLWs have mentioned about better capacity to breastfeed the babies.
4. Generally, flood affected area has a critical level of Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence and nutritional support will contribute coping with under-nutrition.
It should be noted that along with ECHO funded WFP relief and rehabilitation activities multiple
agencies7 came up with various emergency and rehabilitation work in the affected area. While at
initial level different food and non-food item assistance was provided, latter most of the assistance
in the affected area went in the form of Cash for Work and Cash for Training program. These
activities contributed a lot in terms of helping the households to expend in their own priority needs.
It should be noted that WFP alone continued its blanket supplementary feeding for the PLWs and
children under 5 till June 2012. Latter, targeted supplementary feeding through Community
Managed Nutrition Activities started instead of Blanket feeding. The CFW and CFT involving a total of
12,600 participants planned for the period up to June 2012 have been completed. During July to Dec
2012, another round of CFT will assist 3,000 most vulnerable from among the 12,600 assisted. In this
context, it should be reiterated that all of the affected area will undergo a lean season after T Aman
transplantation and regular cash earning will be significantly reduced. Hence, the proposed
interventions may act as a backstopping on the overall achievement of the rehabilitation activities.
7 Please see the annexure for agency specific activities till date.
Page | 33
Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area
Upazila Name of Unions Total HH Day labor Hh @ 23%
Marginal farm Hh (@ 17%
50% of the total marginal farmers in need of assistance
8% most food insecure Hhs in need of assistance
Total households in need of assistance
U-5 @ 12%
PLW @ 3%
Tala
Islamkati 5300 1219 901 400 500 900 110 26
Jalalpur 5700 1311 969 500 400 900 110 28
Sarulia 4900 1127 833 400 400 800 100 24
Tetulia 5200 1196 884 400 400 800 102 25
Debhata
Kulia 7140 1642 1214 600 500 1100 141 35
Noapara 6800 1564 1156 600 500 1100 134 35
parulia 7600 1748 1292 600 600 1200 150 37
Satkhira Sadar
Labsha 5770 1327 981 500 400 900 114 30
Balli 3132 720 532 300 300 600 60 15
Jhawdanga 6184 1422 1051 500 500 1000 122 30
Monirampur Khanpur 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39
Jhanpa 6000 1380 1020 500 500 1000 118 30
Keshabpur
Trimohini 9600 2208 1632 800 800 1600 190 47
Biddanandakati 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39
Sagardari 7000 1610 1190 600 600 1200 138 35
Sufalakati 4800 1104 816 400 400 800 95 25
101126 23258 17191 8,500 8,000 16,500 2,000 500
Page | 34
Figure 2 Map of the most priority area
Page | 35
CHAPTER 6
6. Recommendations Recommendations made in this chapter are based on following premises;
Wellbeing of all the marginal farmers and wage labor households depends on the revival of
agricultural sector. Despite the good per acreage yield of Boro rice, the affected areas could
not produce the rice to its full potential. Out of 16 high priority Unions, 9 reported that Boro
harvest was less than 40 percent of a normal year’s production. On the other hand nearly
30 percent of the FGD discussants reported that Boro price shock has put the marginal
farmers in a vulnerable situation as they do not have enough investment capacity for the
upcoming crops especially Aman.
The 2003 statistics from DAE have indicated that Aman is a predominant crop in many
Upazilas in Satkhira. However, in course of time many of the Aman paddy field has been
occupied by shrimp farming.
Though shrimp farms also provided an employment option in Satkhira, in recent times there
is limited potential for shrimp production due to disease and/or other reasons such as
capital shortage. In the 16 priority Unions the production of next Aman has been reported to
be quite low. Therefore these areas are likely to experience unemployment crisis till next
Boro plantation in November/December 2012.
As this was a post-harvest assessment so while rice consumption showed a positive trend,
overall food consumptions indicators did not show a positive trend which is expected to
deteriorated in the upcoming lean seasons with implication on child and maternal under-
nutrition. This is very much applicable for households headed by female wage laborers,
disabled and elderly heads with irregular income, households depending solely on wage
labor with no agricultural land or any other productive assets etc.
Most of the rehabilitation program i.e. CFW, CFT is going to end by the end of June/July.
Moreover in monsoon season it is not possible to carry out such interventions. Hence, it is
likely that the wage labor based households are going to face a crowding out effect in the
labor market.
In general, vulnerable households are in an indebted situation and most of their income is
spent to repay the loan and this cycle of loan has worsened since August 2011with the
inception of the water logging.
In the upcoming lean season there must be options of continued cash flows. Income
generating options should be those which generate year round income as well as requires
less capital investment.
Page | 36
A number of interventions been recommended by the communities (see graph below). All these
recommendations also clearly suggest that there is a chronic financial capital shortage among the
households and having source of regular income is their key preferred intervention. However, using
the premises mentioned earlier, the following interventions are recommended for further action;
Graph 28 Community preferred interventions
6.1. Interventions proposed by the current assessments:
6.1.1. Short to medium term:
The short term measures are proposed only for the priority areas and groups identified through this
assessment.
1. Support to rehabilitate marginal farmers, day laborers with cash grant and cash and food for
training on homestead gardening, fisheries production and poultry rearing: In areas where
Boro production has faltered substantially and Aman production is not going to be in substantial
amount and moreover small farmers are in high debt, cash grants and agricultural input support
to the marginal farmers for agricultural farming and fisheries are recommended. For vulnerable
households and agricultural day laborers food and cash for training on IGA along with disaster
preparedness, post-disaster crop management, WASH, health and hygiene is also
recommended. Most of these measures are proposed mostly for the lean season from August to
November. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating
women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to 59months, blanket
supplementary feeding in the selected vulnerable households is recommended until December
2012 using a micronutrient fortified food in order to prevent a deterioration of nutritional status
in these vulnerable household members, particularly given the exacerbating factors of
inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of water-borne diseases.
Response Type Beneficiaries Type
Beneficiaries No.
Duration Assistance details
Co
nti
nu
atio
n o
f C
FW
and
CFT
Cas
h G
ran
t fo
r sm
all
trad
e, l
ive
sto
ck, I
GA
Trai
nin
g fo
r IG
A w
ith
gr
ant
Agr
icu
ltu
ral I
np
ut
sup
po
rt
Flo
od
re
silie
nt
she
lte
r
Ro
ad &
dra
inag
e s
yste
m
Flo
od
Sh
elt
er
WA
TSA
N 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
% r
ep
on
se
Community preferred interventions
Page | 37
Cash grant for farming
Small and Marginal Farmers
8500 HHs Lean season-August to November
-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time distribution) - Technical support from DAE
Cash and/or food for training on IGA
Vulnerable HH: Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderlies &limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.
8000 HHs Lean season-August to November
Training on IGA (poultry and homestead gardening), DRR, WASH/Hygiene in 4 sessions. Per session training remuneration appox. Taka 750
Food package: preferably with pulse, oil, sugar etc. (rice excluded) Distribution: bi monthly (to reduce operational costs), one distribution must be before Eid-ul-Fitr in August Period: beginning of August and beginning of October
Integrated maternal & child feeding
Children under 5 & PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable households to be assisted
20308children U 5= 430 PLWs
Lean season-August to November
Wheat soya blend (WSB) & Nutrition training
2. Revamping WASH programme WASH indicators were found to be alarming in this area. Therefore it is recommended that the
WASH cluster takes up an assessment to revamp the WASH interventions in the affected areas.
Recently international NGOs have planned for a WASH programme for these water logged areas.
Implementation of these programmes hopefully will improve the situation.
6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions
1. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration. The nutritional status of vulnerable household members can further deteriorated given the
exacerbating factors of inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of
water-borne diseases. In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to
59months, blanket supplementary feeding is recommended until December 2012 using a
micronutrient fortified food. Blanket feeding is recommended in the follow up response as there
is currently limited capacity within the health sector to implement a targeted supplementary
feeding programme. For transition from blanket feeding, there should be a focus on developing
Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) within the health sector. This will
enable communities and the government to more effectively prevent and treat malnutrition and
its fluctuations between seasons and during and after disasters.
8Based on WFP’s previous experience in blanket feeding programme in Satkhira, in general12.3% of
households have PLWs and 2.6% have children under 5.
Page | 38
2. Create Employment through public works programme The prolonged flooding in Satkhira has significantly affected the livelihoods and income status of
the vulnerable households depending on marginal farming and agricultural day labor. Reviving
livelihoods still remains a challenge for the vulnerable households especially in areas where
agricultural diversity is very limited, only one major crop in a year. This also limits the access to
income with serious implication on food security and nutritional status of the vulnerable
population. In this context, creating employment opportunities in lean season is expected to
bring about sustenance in the livelihood, and food security. Employment generation through
public works programme especially canal excavation has a long lasting positive impact on local
agriculture and overall wellbeing of the community. Water carrying capacity of the rivers and
canals has been worsening and after each monsoon heavy siltation clogs the existing rivers and
canals. While major rivers are expected to be dredged by the government, the connecting canals
excavation will create employment for the marginal households. As soon as the next T. Aman
harvesting is done, preparation for special Food/ Cash for Work should be taken based on the
suitability of the specific context of the flood affected area.
3. Cage culture Homestead or community-based cage fishing is a recently developed technology which is yet to
be replicated and up-scaled in the southern delta region of Bangladesh. Here, marginal farmers
can produce seasonal and selective fish species to support and enhance their livelihoods,
especially in water-logged areas of Satkhira district. Individual cages or series of cages can be set
by the side of houses or communities next to seasonal and perennial water bodies such as deep
ponds and canal. The most encouraging species for homestead and community-based cage
fishing is mono-sex tiliapia and thai sorputi.
4. Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas This approach promotes the potential for community enterprise initiatives enabling groups of
marginal rice farmers, fish farmers and poor and landless laborers to undertake aquaculture and
fisheries management on seasonally flooded floodplains or other water bodies. The proposed
activities aim to mobilize the affected communities for collective initiatives for better utilization
of the water-logged areas to enhance fish production, generate income and employment
opportunities and adapt to the changing ecologies – by harvesting between 0.15 and one ton of
fish per hectare in mini-catchment areas in early years, increasing to two tons per hectare in
later years. It is envisaged that such enterprises will have a strong multiplier effect through the
creation of backward and forward value chain linkages. It should be noted that the land tenure
pattern of Comilla and Satkhira is different. Hence the suitability of replicating this model should
be explored first.
The basic principles of the Daudkandi model are: (i) community engagement; (ii) commercial
approach; (iii) establishment of producer and marketing CBOs with well-represented executive
bodies and good governance; (iv) as a general rule, 40 ha “mini-polder” catchment areas
requiring the construction of “mini-embankments” and benefitting some 250 households; and
(iv) preparation of training modules and learning of new technologies by beneficiaries through
exchange visits with fish farmers of Comilla District and “learning by doing” of the FFS approach.
The total development costs for a typical 40 ha community-based floodplain fisheries scheme is
Page | 39
USD 57,200 (including the technical support of a specialist NGO, exchange visits and FFSs), i.e.
USD 229 per beneficiary.
5. Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice Boro rice relies entirely on an adequate supply of sweet surface irrigation water at a time when
salinity is a serious problem. The average yield of Boro rice is 3 to 3.5 tons/ha, best farmers’
yields are 5 to 5.5 tons/ha, and yields attained at local research stations are 6 to 7 tons/ha. The
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has developed new high-yielding salt tolerant Boro
varieties suitable for cultivation in coastal polder areas, i.e. BRRI Dhan 47 and 55 and BINA-8,
which potentially can achieve 8.5 to 9 tons/ha. However, encouraging as these results may
seem, the project would not promote the intensification of Boro rice to the detriment of
marginal farmers growing irrigated rabi crops (that require far less water than Boro rice) in areas
where sweet water sources are limited and not sufficient for all to grow Boro rice – in an
attempt to demonstrate equitable water management systems within any given community. The
need for draining Boro rice seed beds and paddy fields may provide opportunity to demonstrate
and extend low-energy and low-cost axial pumps9 recently introduced into Bangladesh and
promoted by NGOs such as IDE-Bangladesh.
6. High-value field crops in the rabi season The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of
Bangladesh” lists 18 high value crops that are suitable for cultivating in the rabi season of the
southern delta region (i.e. barley, chickpea, chili, cowpea, groundnut, khesari, lentil, maize,
mung bean, mustard, pea, potato, sesame, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet potato and
wheat). Depending on the availability of residual moisture, rainfall and irrigation water, these
crops could be promoted to increase cash income of the marginal farmers and enhance their
food and nutrition security, viz:
Cereals: Maize is grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Short maturing high yielding
varieties (HYVs) of maize (130 to 135 days) can yield between 9 and 12 ton/ha while short
maturing wheat (100 to 112 days) can yield between 3.6 to 5.1 tons/ha.
Pulses: Peas are grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Chick pea, cow pea lentil, mung
bean and pea are attractive to resource poor farmers because they are short maturing (50 to 75
days). The BARI Mung 5 and 6 varieties of mung bean and BARI cow pea varieties with improved
management practices yield 1.4 tons/ha compared to local varieties with traditional practices at
400 to 500 kgs/ha.
Oil seeds: there are good varieties of groundnuts and soybean that could be grown in the coastal
polder areas. In Noakhali, BARI Soybean 5 and 6 and Sohag varieties under improved
management practices have yielded 2.1 to 2.8 tons/ha compared to local varieties with
traditional practices at 1.6 tons/ha. BRAC has also had considerable success with the promotion
of sunflower in Jessore and Satkhira Districts.
9Axial pumps have already proven to be a more cost-effective technology for resource poor farmers to drain their
seed beds and paddy fields for the timely planting and enhanced water management of Boro rice in water-logged
areas. It is also reported the use of axial pumps also reduces the risk of soil salinity. The axial pumps have sufficient
capacity to irrigate 12 hectares of land (i.e. double that of a conventional four-inch tube-well). This means that they
are ideal for sharing amongst groups of between 25 and 60 marginal and small-scale farmers.
Page | 40
Tubers: The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has developed very popular
varieties of and cropping practices (with and without mulch) for potato and sweet potato. In
Noakhali District, potato cultivation with mulch gives 23 tons/ha and without mulch gives 14
tons/ha. However, potato is facing a storage problem throughout the country, which is affecting
pricing mechanisms.
Chilli is commercially grown throughout Barisal and Khulna Divisions, and, as a high value crop,
has great potential to increase farm income when grown in the correct conditions and according
to improved management practices.
The diversification of cropping systems and introduction of new high-value field crops provides
an opportunity to demonstrate conservation agriculture technologies and practices developed
by organizations such as CIMMYT and IDE-Bangladesh (e.g. inter-cropping, minimum tillage/strip
cropping and zero tillage/direct seeding). Benefits of conservation agriculture include the
enhancement of soil moisture retention (especially in the dry rabi season), the improvement of
soil quality (i.e. increased organic matter and inherent fertility) and a reduction in soil
erodability.
7. Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of
Bangladesh” lists development opportunities of horticultural and agro-forestry in the southern
delta region, viz:
minimizing yield gaps of horticultural crops through improved management practices, e.g. correct spacing, timely fertilization and top working and pruning of fruit trees;
productivity enhancement of coconuts and areca nuts;
management improvement of under-utilized fruits (e.g. banana, guava and jujube) where production could be double through the introduction of improved varieties, correct spacing, fertilization, pruning and integrated pest management (IPM);
up-scaling of the Satkhira model of dwarf mango and jujube production;
up-scaling of the improved management of SwarupKathi Guava piloted in Pirojpur District;
up-scaling of vegetable production on floating beds in the monsoon season;
up-scaling vegetable and spice production using the Sorjan cropping system; and vegetable cultivation in raised beds/mounds and year-round cultivation in shrimp gher and paddy crop field boundaries;
up-scaling of shade-tolerant herb production (e.g. coriander, ginger, mint and turmeric) under the canopy of areca nut, mangoes, guavas, etc. on roadsides and embankments.
8. Development opportunities of livestock rearing Large and small ruminants, chickens and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers,
representing not only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic
needs i.e. health and nutrition, education, weddings etc. This sub-sector is not getting adequate
support and services at the remote areas and the loss have not been taken care of.
Key activities for this intervention are as follow;
Farmers’ training on improve management system and appropriate technologies;
Precautionary measures for saving livestock and poultry during disaster and mitigation;
Preventive and control measures against common diseases;
Adapt available technologies and result demonstration;
Fodder production;
Page | 41
Develop local service provider for supply and services; and
Create market facilities for fair price of produces. For rehabilitation of livestock assets to the affected households the inputs includes large and
small ruminants and poultry, feed, housing support, vaccinations and anthelmintics, feed storage
tank etc.) Cautionary note on livestock rearing is that the prolonged water logging creates a
complicated problem for the poorer households to manage feed as rearing practice have mostly
been scavenging basis. Moreover, shelter for the ruminant also turn into a difficult challenge and
often households sell out the ruminants finding no other way. These cautionary notes should be
considered and further reviewed prior taking any livestock distribution by any agency.
9. Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male This particular intervention should consider the local level suitable income generating activities
which have year round return potential and not capital intensive. Micro-business for women,
handicrafts is potential subsectors.
10. Dredging of rivers and canals: Dredging of rivers and canals are very crucial to sustain all the development activities proposed
so far. Government has to take up this activity in priority basis otherwise susceptibility to water
logging in these parts of the country will keep on increasing over the years adding more misery
to the food security and livelihoods of the people.
Page | 42
ANNEXURE
Annex 1- List of participated agencies and staff
Agencies participated in the primary fieldwork
Dis
tric
t
Up
azila
s
Un
ion
s
Lead
age
ncy
con
firm
ati
on
sta
tus
Contact person name REQUIREMENT OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD Vul.
FGD Fem.
Market survey Sadar markets only
UDMC led by WFP
KII(Upazila level) by
FAO*
Satk
hir
a
Ass
asu
ni
Kad
akat
i
AC
F
Team leader and Focal person: TapanChakraborty, [email protected], Enumerators: Mr. Abdullah Al-Mamun Ms Salma Khatum Data entry: Md. Maniruzzaman
2
1 1
Assasuni S. Assasuni S Assasuni
Satk
hir
a
Ass
asu
ni
Ku
llah
AC
F
1 1
Satk
hir
a
Deb
hat
a
Ku
lia
SCI
Focal Person: Randhir Kumar Das; [email protected]; Enumerators for VG+UDMC : Mr. Abonindra Karmaker, Ms. Swapna Mondol, Enumerators for Female + Market Survey : Ms Laily Begum, Ms. Laxmi Rani, Data Entry: Mr. Ifteaker,
0
1 1
Debhata S. Debhata S. Debhata
Satk
hir
a
Deb
hat
a
Par
ulia
SCI
1 1
Page | 43
Dis
tric
t
Up
azila
s
Un
ion
s
Lead
age
ncy
con
firm
ati
on
sta
tus
Contact person name REQUIREMENT OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD Vul.
FGD Fem.
Market survey Sadar markets only
UDMC led by WFP
KII(Upazila level) by
FAO*
Satk
hir
a
Satk
hir
a S.
Bal
li
WFP
WFP Khulna sub office staff 4 enumerators
2
1 1
Satkhira S Satkhira S Satkhira
Satk
hir
a
Satk
hir
a S.
Lab
sha
1 1
Satk
hir
a
Satk
hir
a S.
Fin
gri
CA
-MA
-DC
A c
on
sort
ia Team Leader
Md. Nuruzzaman Chowdhury Enumerators Sarmin Sultana Arnest Anida Sarkar Alfred Gosh Md. Sultan Ahmed Data Entry Operator Fahim Ahmed ( data entry)
1 1
Satk
hir
a
Tala
Isla
mkh
ati
Act
ion
Aid
Team Leader: Abdul Halim, 01714-131479 Enumerators FGD vulnerable group by: Lubna Zahan 01716-297795 FGD with UDMC by: Mahbub Alam Sohel, 01720208100 FGD with female by: Popi, Bhumija Foundation 01937281162 Market Survey by: Nihar Ranjan, Bhumija Foundation. 01712796855 Data Entry Tazul Islam, Bhumija Foundation 01716363829
0 1 1 Tala S Tala S Tala
Page | 44
Dis
tric
t
Up
azila
s
Un
ion
s
Lead
age
ncy
con
firm
ati
on
sta
tus
Contact person name REQUIREMENT OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD Vul.
FGD Fem.
Market survey Sadar markets only
UDMC led by WFP
KII(Upazila level) by
FAO*
Satk
hir
a
Tala
Ten
tulia
OX
FAM
Focal Person: Suman Das; 01713060149;[email protected]. Team Leader Nusrat Jahir; 01716189765, [email protected] ; Enumerator S M Jaglul Razib, 01816252558 Mary Ratna, 1751626206 Data Entry Operator G M Abdur Rahaman, 01930326134, [email protected]
0 1 1
Satk
hir
a
Tala
Soru
lia
CA
RE
Focal Person Md. Mahbubur Rahman; 01750137981, [email protected] Team Leader- T I M Mazharuzzaman; [email protected] 01711955766 Enumerator, Tarun Kanti Mondal, 01726509167 Beauty Parven, 01728015231 Data Entry Operator- Md. Khairul Alam, 01712075539
0 1 1
Satk
hir
a
Tala
Jala
lpu
r
SI
Focal Person: Rafiq - Food Sec program Manager - [email protected] - 01711988176 Team Leader Sayeed Tanvir Hossain, [email protected] 01915-756461 Enumerators Nasima Akter 01735-087165 Shameem Ahmed 01818-231523 Data Entry Operator: Abdus Satter 01916 - 054633
0 1 1
Page | 45
Dis
tric
t
Up
azila
s
Un
ion
s
Lead
age
ncy
con
firm
ati
on
sta
tus
Contact person name REQUIREMENT OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD Vul.
FGD Fem.
Market survey Sadar markets only
UDMC led by WFP
KII(Upazila level) by
FAO*
Jess
ore
Kes
hab
pu
r
Bid
dan
and
a
kati
VO
SD
Team Mr. Mahadeb Das, Cell:01713443701 & 01715233051 Md. Moshiur Rahman, Cell:01712589124 Md. Shah Alam, Cell:01713443739 Mr. Bibhanshu Saha. Cell:01742718018
0 1 1
Keshabpur S Keshabpur S Keshabpur
Jess
ore
Kes
hab
pu
r
Sufa
laka
ti
CW
W
Team Leader: Abdul Mannan Enumerator Ms. Tandra Datta, 01736-394 825 Mr. Shamimur Rahman, 01749-209 606 Data Entry Mr. Mohammad Sukur Ali, 01725-038 053
0 1 1
Jess
ore
Mo
nir
amp
ur
Mo
no
ho
rpu
r
Isla
mic
Rel
ief
Team Leader S.M Abu Kaiser 019 75440095 Enumerator Rakibul Hasan, 017 12205421, 01678690203 Morium Begum, 017 39025146 Data Entry Officer
Md. Assaduzaman +88 018 29417258, 017 17408522
0 1 1 Monirampur S Monirampur S Monirampur
Total 4 14 14 6 6 6
Page | 46
Annex 2- Responses of KIIs
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE Key Informants Current situation: Total
Area; (ha);Net cropped area(ha);Area inundated (ha)
Area inundated (ha)
Crop damage; Total area and last T. Aman (ha)
Number of farmers affected
Aman production (mt-clean rice)
Current Boro production situation (mt- clean rice)
Future production prospect of Aman rice, summer vegetables, local cash crops like turmeric, beetle leaf etc (ha)
What types of assistance provided by the DAE to the affected farmers?
Mr. Md. NurulIsalam, Upazila Agriculture Officer, Asasuni , Satkhira
The Upazila consists of Unions =11, Population = 3,81,438; Total area-37643 ha Net cropped area-15945 Major Cropping pattern=Boro-Fallow-T.Aman
2,905 Total =1805, T.Aman= 1760
3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, Vegetables-548,Mustard-220,Potato-95
T.Aman seedling for 30 farmers and HYV Aus for 85 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha
Mr. SujamnMajumder, Upazila Agriculture Officer, Debhata Satkhira
The Upazila consists of 5 Unions=5, Population = 120660; Total area-17215; Net cropped area-6300; Major Cropping pattern=Boro-Fallow-Ta-.Aman
3,035 Total= 1388, T.Aman= 1225
8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman-5350,Vegetables-500.Mustard-1250,Ptato-275
T.Aman seedling for 50 farmers and HYV Aus for 270 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha cultivation
Page | 47
Mr. Md. G.N.A.Gafur, U AO, Tala, Satkhira. And Mr. Md. MahbuburRahman, UNO
Presented separately 6,300 Total= 4848, T.Aman= 2000
54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman-8340,Vegetables-1110,Pusle-530,Mustard,340,Wheat-180,Potatao-450
T.Aman seedling for 24 farmers and HYV Aus for 820 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation
Mr. Dipak Kumar Roy, UAO, Satkhira Sadar, Satkhira
The Upazila consists of Unions=14, Population = 410355; Total area-40348; Net cropped area-25230; Major Cropping Pattern=Boro-Fallow- T.Aman
5,800 Total= 4400, T.Aman= 3200
29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman-18000,Vegetables-2480,Pusle-585,Mustard-2900,Wheat-460,Potatao-800
HYV Aus for 1380 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation
Mr. Sanjoy Kumar, UAO, Keshabpur, Jessore.
The Upazila consists of Unions=9, Population = 269275; Total area=25903 ; Net cropped area=20543; Major Cropping Pattern= Boro-T.Aman-t.Aus
3,500 Total= 2476 T.Aman= 1516
18,530 22,516 64,112 T.Aman 9373,Vegetable-560,Wheat-360,Potato-320,Chilli-255,Onion-250,Pulse-550
HYV Aus for 1560 &Nerika for 300 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation
Page | 48
Mr. Kazi Shah Newaz,UAO, Monirampur, Jessore And Mr. MdZillurRahman, UNO, Monirampur, Jessore.
The Upazila consists of Unions=16, Population = 443661; Total area-115000; Net cropped area=83945; Major Cropping pattern= Boro-T.Aman-Vegetables-T.Aus
3,200 Total= 2145 T.Aman= 1680
18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500, Vegetables-3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse-1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed-350
HYV Aus for 2350&Nerika for 550 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) to cover I bigha cultivation
Page | 49
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES
Key Informants
Current situation: Owners will go back production soon, can not do production taking loans to buy fingerlings and shrimp seed etc.
Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers
Availability and access to fisheries feed and medicines
Any assistance provided to the gher and fish pond owners by your Department
Name unions worst affected in terms of damage to fishery
Any other issues as deemed relevant
Possible response recommended for recovery in Fisheries sector
Mr. Md. MostafizurRahman, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Asasuni Upazila, Satkhira
The Upazila is consisted with 11 unions having a population of 3,81,438. Total water resources is 17885 ha of which carp area constitute 16% (2925 ha), bagda 75% (13333 ha) and golda only 9% (1627 ha).Fish and shrimp farmer started their production soon after the damage. They arranged the money through borrowing, taking loans from bank/NGOs or selling their last resources. Among the fisheries production, bagda constitute about 75%, golda 9% and carp 16% only. Per hectare production of bagda, golda and carp is about 250-300 kg, 500-600 kg and 1500-2000kg respectively. Farmers are happy with the production and the intensity of
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but for bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to
Feed are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali, Sapnali, Budhata- severely affected and Assasuni is partly affected.
Cultural practice is very traditional. Modern culture need to be introduced,
IMMEDIATE:River and adjoining canals need to be reexcavated and their connectivity with big river need to be established. (b). Leasing of Govtkhascanal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization. ©. Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (d). Homestead level be raised by earth filling, (e) Aquaculture inputs be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation. LONG TERM: Land zoning needed for crop, fish and shrimp cultivation (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based
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production is increasing day by day. There are 63 fish and shrimp collecting Depo and 10 ice plant but no processing factory. There is no facility for carp fingerling and bagda/golda PL production. Possibilities for expansion of cage farming of Tilapia, pangas and crab within the water logged area.
the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water because water level of the ghers is very low.
farmers training centre or information centre needed.
Mr. S.M. Rafiqul Islam, Chairman, Kulla Union Parishad, Assasuni Upazila
Farmers have started production. The production level is good and the farmers are happy. Bagda dominated area. Bagda production is 80% of total shrimp production. Besides, Tilapia, bhetki, faisha etc. fin fish are grown along with bagda. Carp production is not much- only for family consumption. Water is highly saline and may range from 3-22 PPT. Poor farmers burrow money sometimes from the money lenders. Water logging remains 6-7 months from August to January/February.
No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 10-15%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Nothing provided Kulla. Kadakhali, Sapnali, Charidorgapur, Budhata, Sreeolla -are severly affected.
Lacking Govt. Initiatives for the recovery.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Bheri Badh construction and renovation, (c) Pond construction for supply of sweet water for drinking, (d) Leasing of Govtkhas canal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization (e). Homestead level be raised by earth filling, (f) Inputs for fisheries production be supplied. MID TERM: Modern aquaculture technology be introduced, (b) Planned gher farming, (c) Cyclone shelter construction and renovation of the old ones, (d) Training and capacity building of the farmer, LONG TERM: Govt. initiatives intensified, (b) Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed and the
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processing methodology be transparent
Mr. Md. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Debhata Upazila, Satkhira
The Upazila is consisted with 5 unions having a population of 1,20,660. The water resources cover an area of 16330 ha of which bagda constitute 54% (8875 ha), golda 2% (365 ha) and carp 44% 97090 ha). Total fisheries production is about 9348 MT and annual requirement is 1920 MT showing a surplus of about 7428 MT. Yearly production of carp, prawn and shrimp indicated an increasing trend over the years. There are neither carp, golda and bagda hatchery under Government intervention. Only 2 golda private hatchery and 260 private carp nursery in private sector. The Upazila is mainly Bagda dominating area which constitutes about 90% of total shrimp production of the Upazila. Yearly production of fish and shrimp is showing an increasing trend over the years. Water logging has not created any negative impact on total fish production of the area rather fisheries production has been increased. Personally some are affected. The Upazila has a surplus of fish production. Very wide scopes are existed for the
No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 10%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are severly affected whereas Debhata and Shakhipur are lightly affected.
Fingerling quality, feed quality and linkage with feed supplier is needed
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re excavated and their connectivity with big river need to be established. (b). Leasing of Govt khas canal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization. ©.Modern Culture technology be introduced (d) Infrastructure in the gher area be developed, (e). Homestead level be increased by earth filling, (f). Fisheries input be provided. MID TERM: Policy for quality fingerling and PL be introduced, (b) Quality fish/shrimp feed supply be ensured, LONG TERM: Manpower be increased, (b) Infrastructure development and electrification in gher area needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Strong linkage with feed industry and medicine company needed (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.
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expansion of cage culture of crab. Affected farmers arranged money from loans and selling of their last resources. Water logging remais for 4-5 months starting from August to December. Wide scope for crab fattening program. 60% of total exportable crab is exported from the Upazila.
Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. BazlurRahmanSarder, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira.
The Upazila is consisted with 12 unions with a population of 2,94,400. Total water resources are 12305 ha of which shrimp area constitute 57% (7016 ha) and carp area 43% (5289 ha). Among fish production, shrimp and prawn represent 62% (4700 MT) of total production (7567.69 MT) while carp production is 38% (2867.69 MT). Mainly shrimp and prawn dominating area. Salinity ranges upto 15-16 PPT during the peak seasons (May -June). Fish requirement is 6017.53 MT whereas production is 7567.69 MT showing a surplus of 1550.16 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 600-700 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 250-300 kg/ha while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 49,00,000 while requirement 2,65,12,980 showing a shortage
No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 20%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but nothing was provided accordingly. Some assistance through Aila project was provided to some of the affected people.
Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar, Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata, Kumira- are severely affected whereas Khalil Nagar, Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and Sorolia are
Cultural practice is very traditional. Modern culture need to be introduced,
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Gher farming should be planned way, (c) Gher dikes should be wider and stronger, (d) Infrastructure development is needed. (e) Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Quality of PL and fingerling supply needed, (h). PCR Labouratory in the shrimp area is needed, (i) Coordination among the participating Department is needed, (j). Homestead level be raised through earth filling, (k). Fisheries inputs be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b).
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of 2,16,12,980. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Some part of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still under water. Monosex Tilapia culture has started in two unions (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab fattening program has also been started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are two rivers namely Kapotakh and Shalta which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet only. Carp culture has not been expanding and flourishing all around. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 30000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.
partially affected.
Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed, (g). Salt tolerant rice variety need to be developed.
Mr. Md. MahbuburRahman,
Fisheries are not affected so much because these are not lost for all. Positions are changed.
Agreed with UFO
Agreed with UFO
Agreed with UFO Agreed with UFO
Agreed with UFO
IMMEDIATE : Re-excavation of river and canal and strengthening of inter river net working, (b). Home stead
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Upazila Nirbahi Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira
Some farmers may be loser but overall production is not decreased. Farmers are doing the business with their own initiatives. More scopes are existed for further development.
level of the affected people need to be raised through earth-filling, © Inputs for beginning of the business is needed. MID TERM: Collateral free loan be provided, (b). Training both for Departmental staff and farmer be intensified and continued round the year. LONG TERM: Infrastructure development of the gher are needed along with electrification, (b) Production diversification with improved technology be introduced, (d) Departmental man power need to be increased.
Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud, District Fisheries Officer, Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal Kumar Ghose, Assistant Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar, Satkhira
The Satkhira Sadar Upazila is consisted with 14 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 4,10,355. Total water resources 8770 ha of which shrimp area constitute 85% (7467 ha) and carp area 15% (1303 ha). Among fish production, shrimp and prawn represent 22% (2580 MT) of total production (11550 MT) while carp production is 78% (8970 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Salinity ranges upto 10-12 PPT during the peak seasons (May -June). Fish requirement is 7488 MT whereas production is 11564 MT showing a surplus of 4076 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 200-250 kg/ha
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the
Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga, Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are severely affected while Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali, Buna, Shibpur
Cultural practice is very traditional. Modern culture need to be introduced,
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Gher farming should be planned way, (c) Gher dikes should be wider and stronger, (d) Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification
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while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 49,00,000 while requirement 2,65,12,980 showing a shortage of 2,16,12,980. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Some part of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still under water. Monosex Tilapia culture has started in two unions (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab fettening program has also been started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are six rivers namely which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet only. Fish, shrimp and prawn production is not encouraging. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and
imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.
, Homra, Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are partially affected.
needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.
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employment generation. Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Mr. Md. AlamgirKabir, Assistant Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. AmanUllah, Extension Officer, Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore.
The Upazila is consisted with 9 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 2,69,275. Total water resources 7350 ha of which prawn constitute 57% (4203 ha), shrimp area 9% (664 ha) and carp area 34% (2483 ha). Among fish production, prawn represent 9% (610 MT), shrimp 2.5% (180 MT) and carp 88.5% (6114 MT) of total production (6904 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Salinity is not significant. Fish requirement is 4816 MT whereas production is 6904 MT showing a surplus of 42088 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 100-150 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 200-270 kg/ha while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production is 273 Lakh while the requirement is 395 Lakh showing a shortage of 122 Lakh annually. Golda and bagda PL are not produced here but have a demand of 3.30 Lakh and 1.45 lakh respectively. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Monosex Tilapia culture has started showing a production of 30-35 kg/decimal. Fish, shrimp and
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.
Limited feeds are generally used in fish culture. But for golda and bagda culture nothing is used. Feeds are available locally. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari, SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are severely affected while Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot, Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur - are partially affected.
Very traditional technology had been used, Modern technology be introduced for production intensification.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.
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prawn production is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 9575 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.
Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Monirampur, Jessore.
The Upazila is consisted with 16 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 4,43,661. Total water resources15077 ha of which prawn area 34% (5132 ha) and carps constitute 66% (9945 ha). Among fisheries production, prawn represent 37% (7200 MT) of total production (19410 MT) while carp production is 63% (12210 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Fish requirement is 9068 MT whereas production is 19410 MT showing a surplus of 10342 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha while carp is 2000-2500kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 305 Lakh while requirement is 798 Lakh showing a shortage of 493 Lakh. Water logging remains 3-4
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported.
Limited feeds are generally used. Feeds are available locally but if required more they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severel
Inbreeding of carp fingerling is going to be a real threat for aquaculture.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, (f) Fish regulation implementation. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure
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months starting from July-August to November-December. Adjoining rivers and canal have been silted up. Monosex Tilapia culture has started showing a production of 4-5 MT/ ha. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 65000 peoples are dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.
y affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.
development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed. (f). Fisheries insurance be introduced.
Mr. MdZillurRahman, UNO, Monirampur, Jessore.
The Upazila is blessed with enormous aquatic resources having surplus fish production. The extend of beel areas represent an unique potentiality to boost up fisheries production. But the current culture practice is not scientific. Water logging is a real threat to the people but not so much harmful for fisheries production. Simply the ownership may be changed. Attempts are very much warranted for production intensification and diversification. All the adjoining rivers have been silted up. The activities of BWDB is not know.
Prevalence of fish disease has not been found
For carp and golda culture limited amount of feeds are used but all feed staff is locally available.
Nothing significant provided from the Department.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagarand
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (c). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure
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Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.
development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.
Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO, Jessore; Mr. Md. MizanurRahman, Project Director, Bhabodah Project; Mr. BishwajitBairagi, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Jessore
Jessore district is blessed with enormous water resources thereby producing sufficient amount of fishes. The district has a surplus of fish production. It is also blessed with numerous beel and baor areas wherein fisheries production can be increased manifolds. Though the district has a surplus of fish production even the per hectare production is far below the standard rate. Water logging creates a great havoc to the people in general but plays a positive role for increased fisheries production.
For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main
Limited feeds are generally used. Feeds are available locally but if required more they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.
Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.
Agreed with UFOs.
Inbreeding of carp fingerling is going to be a real threat for aquaculture.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed, (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided, (h). homestead level be raised through earth filling.. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c).
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Sadar Upazila, Jessore.
The affected farmers start their cultural activities even after the damage. They arrange the money through borrowing from bank, NGOs and sometimes from the money lenders. We have great potentialities for increased fisheries production and employment generation.
reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.
Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, (f) Fish regulation implementation. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed. (f). Fisheries insurance be introduced.
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Factsheets on Rehabilitation Activities by Agencies
Satkhira Flooding and Water Logging: Overview of WFP Emergency Assistance
1. Information at a glance :
a) First Phase: Emergency Relief Food and Cash Distributions, August 2011-Feb 2012
Beneficiaries
Assisted:
a) Immediate Relief (ready-to-eat food, i.e. fortified Biscuits) : 35,000 families b) General Food and Cash Distribution: 30,000 families (~120,000 beneficiaries), c) Supplementary Feeding ( 9840 children 6-59 months, 2467 pregnant and lactating women): 12,307 beneficiaries
Relief Food and Cash
Distributions:
a) Immediate Relief, 18-30 August 2011: 3 kg of biscuits (40 packets)/family General Food and Cash Distributions (4 months):
b) 1st
month distribution, 04 Oct- 30 Oct 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses/ family (@260g rice & 20 g pulses/person/day) c) 2
nd month distribution, 17 Nov-23 Dec 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses & 4 litre veg. oil/family
(veg. oil was complemented by Care)
d) 3rd month distribution, 21 Dec-15 Jan 2012: 15 kg rice & BDT 1000/family e) 4th month distribution, 2 Feb- 15 Feb 2012: BDT 1500/family
Supplementary Feeding (Distribution of fortified blended food (5 months):
f) Oct 2011 - Feb 2012: 6 kg per beneficiary/month (@200g/beneficiary/day)
Duration of
Assistance: August 2011-Feb 2012
Immediate Relief : 1 week
General Food and Cash Distribution: 4 months
Supplementary Feeding : 5 months
Operational Area Satkhira district: Satkhira Sadar , Tala , Assasuni , Debhata & Kalaroa upazilas,
Jessore district: Keshabpur upazila
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Implementing NGOs Shushilan ( for Satkhira Sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata upazilas),
MuslimAid (for Kalaroa, Keshabpur upazilas)
Funding ECHO: Euro 1.5 million, DFID : US$670,900, Aus Aid : 105 MT HEB, WFP : 450 MT rice and US$ 0.4 million
b) Second Phase: Recovery Assistance, March-Dec 2012
Beneficiaries
Targeted
a) Cash-for-work : 9600 HHs b) Cash-for-training : 3000 HHs c) Blanket supplementary feeding : 17,500 (up to April) and 24713 in May d) Targeted supplementary feeding : 14,200 (to be selected through screening process)
Duration of
Assistance:
March – Dec 2012
a) Cash-for-work : 60 days work during March – June 2012 b) Cash-for-training : March – June and July – December 2012 c) Blanket supplementary feeding: Three months distribution during March – May/June 2012. d) Targeted supplementary feeding (CMAM) : will start from May/June 2012
Operational Area
Satkhira and Jessore district:
a) Cash-for-Work and Cash-for-training: Satkhira Sadar upazila b) Blanket Supplementary Feeding: Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata, and Kalaroa
upazilas of Satkhira district and Keshabpur upazila of Jessore district
c) Targeted supplementary Feeding - Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni and Debhata upazilas of Satkhira district.
Implementing
partner/NGO
Shushilan (for Cash-for-work/training and Blanket supplementary feeding)
ACF ( for targeted supplementary feeding)
Funding ECHO : Euro 3 million (approx.)
a) Food Security (Cash-for-work and cash-for- training) : Euro 2 million b) Nutrition component : Euro 1 million
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
CWW UKaid FRESH (shelter) 01/02/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur Biddyanondokati 603
Sagordari 297
Sufolakati 141
Manirampur …
Jhapa 143
Monoharpur 88
Mushim Nagor 131
Total 2 upazilla 6 union 1403
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Shushilan ECHO CFW 01/01/12 30/6/12 Satkhira sadar Labsha 1760
Baikeri 1093
Dulihor 1110
Fingri 750
Municipality 1272
Brommyorajpur 695
Bally 1090
Zaudanga 1830
Shushilan ECHO CFT 01/01/12 30/06/12 Satkhira Sadar Labsha 640
Baikeri 107
Dulihor 170
Fingri 100
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Municipality 928
Brommyorajpur 155
Bally 300
Zaudanga 570
Baikeri 109
Shushilan ECHO WSB 7297
Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Tasla Islam khati 950
Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Baikeri 297
Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Dulihor 464
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Concern Worldwide
Concern Worldwide
Dry Food Distribution 01/06/09 30/06/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi, Atulia’ Burigoalani, Munshigonj, Ishwaripur, Ramjannagor Kashimari Maharajpur Padmapukur, Gabura
9000
Concern Worldwide
Irish Aid Food Relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi, Padmapukur, Gabura Burigoalani
4450
Concern Worldwide
JOA Food relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi, Kora Sador, Padmapukur, Gabura
3780
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Concern Worldwide
ECHO and Concern Worldwide
Complete Shelter 1/7/09 31/12/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi, Kora Sador, Padmapukur,
524
Shelter repairing 1638
DTW 31
Household latrines 524
Emergency latrines 20
CFW 1400 for 50 days
Blanket distribution 3562
Concern Worldwide
UNICEF and Concern Worldwide
DTW 25/08/2009 24/10/2009 Assasuni, Shyamnagar and Koyra
Gabura Maharajpur Padmapukur Uttarbedkasi Koyra Sadar Protapnagar
18
DTW repair 5
Construction of PSF 4
PSF Repair 21
Pond cleaning 21
Emergency Latrines 231
Rain Water Collection 80
NFI Distribution 2100
Concern Worldwide
UNICEF and Concern Worldwide
DTW 20/12/09 20/03/2010 Assasuni, Shyamnagar and Koyra
Gabura Maharajpur Padmapukur Uttarbedkasi Koyra Sadar Protapnagar
25
Bathroom construction 24
Emergency Latrines 300
Emergency Latrines Repair 250
Latrine dislodging 200
NFI Distribution 2000
Concern Worldwide
ECHO Shelter repair 15/01/10 14/4/11 Baghali, Uttar Bedkashi and Padmapukur
450
Shelter construction 275
CFW 2622 for 65 days
Fishing boat & net 60
Nursery establishment 4
Cash For Training 600
Emergency Latrines 110
Page | 66
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Pond rehabilitation 6
Hygiene kit & promotion 2052
DTW 19
PSF construction 9
Sanitary Latrine 1425
Mass awareness raising through picture drama
9 performance
Concern Worldwide
ECHO CFW 01/09/2011 28/02/2012 Paadmapukur and Gabura
8901 for 52 days
CFT 8901 on four topics
Concern Worldwide
UNICEF and Concern Worldwide
DTW Installation 01/10/10 1/09/2011 Padmapukur, Gabura under shyamnagor Upazilla and Assasuni Sadaor,
9
Installation of Rain Water Harvesting (3200 liter)
74
Water trucking 1020
Water container distribution 3400
latrine construction (HH level)
220
latrine repair and dislodging 170
Hygiene kit distribution 3400
Pot song for the community 19 performance
Health session 50
Water supply at schools - Rain Water Harvesting (25,000lt)
5
Sanitation facilities and Urinals at school
10
Concern Worldwide
ECHO (2nd Phase)
CFW 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati,
2874
Page | 67
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Shufalakathi
CFT 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi
2874
Concern Worldwide
UK Aid Shelter construction 1/2/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur and Monirampur
Sagordari, Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi, Jhanpa, Monohorpur, Maswimnagar
1403
Concern Worldwide
ECHO
CFW 1/9/11 31/1/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
2700
CFT Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
1018
Household latrines Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
450
DTW installation Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
420
DTW rehabilitation Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
300
Hygiene kit distribution and sensitization
Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
2700
Shelter repairing Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
450
NFI Winter kit Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati
2700
Page | 68
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Save the Children
ECHO CFW – 1st Phase 1100 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 0
Tetulia 152
Islamkathi 205
Nagarghata 571
Khesra 172
Kumira 0
Save the Children
ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 750 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 114
Tetulia 286
Islamkathi 100
Nagarghata 150
Khesra 0
Kumira 100
Save the Children
ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 403 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 54
Tetulia 75
Islamkathi 103
Nagarghata 49
Khesra 51
Kumira 71
Save the Children
ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 40 DTW
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 5
Tetulia 7
Islamkathi 3
Nagarghata 12
Khesra 2
Kumira 11
Save the Children
ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 1st Phase 4200 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571
Tetulia 1429
Islamkathi 400
Nagarghata 800
Khesra 500
Kumira 500
Page | 69
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Save the Children
ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1 st phase 154 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 16
Tetulia 115
Islamkathi 23
Nagarghata 0
Khesra 0
Kumira 0
Save the Children
ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase 4200 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571
Tetulia 1429
Islamkathi 400
Nagarghata 800
Khesra 500
Kumira 500
Save the Children
ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 350 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 120
Nowapara 50
Parulia 150
Save the Children
ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 72 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 53
Nowapara 0
Parulia 19
Save the Children
ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 10 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 5
Nowapara 3
Parulia 2
Save the Children
ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 1st Phase 1500 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500
Nowapara 600
Parulia 400
Save the Children
ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1st phase 56 HH
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 40
Nowapara 0
Parulia 16
Save the Children
ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase
01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500
Nowapara 600
Parulia 400
Page | 70
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Save the Children
ECHO CFW – 2nd Phase 3770 HH
01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518
Tetulia 1092
Islamkathi 1075
Khesra 610
Nagarghata 475
Save the Children
ECHO CFT – 2nd Phase 3770 HH
01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518
Tetulia 1092
Islamkathi 1075
Khesra 610
Nagarghata 475
Save the Children
CBHA NFI and Shelter Kits 15/08/11 31/08/11 Tala Tala sadar 600
Tetulia 400
Islam Kati 220
DANIDA Establish Child friendly spaces (25 CFS)
01/09/11 15/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50
Tetulia 400
Islam Kati 175
Children Emergency Fund
CFW 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25
Tetulia 125
Islam Kati 50
Cash Donation 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25
Tetulia 140
Islam Kati 75
WATSAN support to Primary school
01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 2
Tetulia 5
Islam Kati 3
Education materials support to children
01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50
Tetulia 400
Islam Kati 175
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Page | 71
Muslim Aid
ECHO
CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150
Assasuni Shovnali 750
Kadakati 600
Kullah 430
Dargapur 110
Debhata Parulia 420
Kulia 1865
Nayapara 275
CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150
Assasuni Shovnali 750
Kadakati 600
Kullah 430
Dargapur 110
Debhata Parulia 420
Kulia 1865
Nayapara 275
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid
ECHO Cash for Work(CFW) & Cash for Training(CFT) under “Recovery Support to the flood affected and
01/02/12 01/06/12
Tala Khalish Khali 1150
Khesra 1150
Khalil Nagar 850
Dhandia 1610
Page | 72
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
&Muslim Aid) continually water Logged families of south west Bangladesh” - 2nd Phase Water Logged Project.
Sorulia 650
Kumira 740
Nagarghata 650
Tala Sadar 1150
Kalaroa Deawara 1220
Debhata Parulia 420
Kulia 1865
Nayapara 275
Ashashuni Shovnali 750
Kadakati 600
Khullah 430
Dargapur 110
13620
Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid & Muslim Aid)
ECHO Integrated relief
assistance to the most
vulnerable HHs hit by the
2011 monsoon in
Bangladesh”-1st Phase
Water Logged Project.
-Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500 -Transitional Shelter :200 -Latrine:1500 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 - TW Renovation: 200 - Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000
01/09/12 31/01/12
Tala Tala 1750
Islamkathi 1300
Khesra 1270
Khalishkhali 730
Dhandia 1500
Tala 1750
Satkhira Sadar Jhawdanga 1700
Labsha 1750
2 7 10000
Page | 73
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
ActionAid Bangladesh
ECHO (Under NARRI consortium)
CFW 01/01/12 11/06/12 Tala Tala sadar 600
Islamkathi 500
Tetulia 500
Kumira 900
Magura 600
ActionAid Bangladesh
ECHO (Under NARRI consortium)
CFT FRESH (shelter)
01/01/12 20/06/12 Tala
Tala sadar 600
Islamkathi 500
Tetulia 500
Kumira 900
Magura 600
ActionAid Bangladesh
DFID (Under NARRI consortium)
FRESH (shelter) 01/02/2012 31/01/2013 Tala Kumira 457
Magura 426
Khalishkhali 959
Organization Funded by*
Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid & Muslim Aid)
ECHO Integrated relief assistance to the most
vulnerable HHs hit by the 2011 monsoon
in Bangladesh”-1st Phase Water Logged
Project.
-Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500 -Transitional Shelter :200 -Latrine:1500 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 - TW Renovation: 200
01/09/12 31/01/12
Tala Tala 1750
Islamkathi 1300
Khesra 1270
Khalishkhali 730
Dhandia 1500
Tala 1750
Satkhira Sadar
Jhawdanga 1700
Labsha 1750
2 7 10000
Page | 74
- Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
DCA (DSK is implementing partner)
DG ECHO & Civil Protection.
CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Tala Dhandia 1610
Sarulia 650
Nagarghata 650
Kumira 740
DCA (DSK is implementing partner)
DG ECHO & Civil Protection.
CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220
DCA (DSK is implementing partner)
DG ECHO & Civil Protection.
CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Tala Dhandia 1610
Sarulia 650
Nagarghata 650
Kumira 740
DCA (DSK is implementing partner)
DG ECHO & Civil Protection.
CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
ACF ECHO Cash for training 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1239
Page | 75
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
Assasuni
Shovnali 717
Kadakathi 546
Kulla 391
Dorgapur 91
ACF ECHO Unconditional
Cash Grant 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 53
Assasuni
Shovnali 74
Kadakathi 49
Kulla 62
Dorgapur 20
ACF ECHO
Cash for work
15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 507
Assasuni
Shovnali 354
Kadakathi 321
Kulla 220
Dorgapur 63
ACF ECHO Emergency 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 9 sets
Page | 76
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
latrines
Assasuni
Shovnali 5 sets
Kadakathi 5 sets
Kulla 1 set
Dorgapur 0 set
ACF ECHO Household
Latrines 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 167
Assasuni
Shovnali 47
Kadakathi 79
Kulla 3
Dorgapur 4
ACF ECHO Community
latrines 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 5 Sets
Assasuni
Shovnali 6 Sets
Kadakathi 5 Sets
Kulla 8 Sets
Dorgapur 1 Set
ACF ECHO Tube well 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 24 tube well
Page | 77
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
rehabilitation
Assasuni
Shovnali 19 tube well
Kadakathi 4 tube well
Kulla 3 tube well
Dorgapur 0 tube well
ACF ECHO Water purification
Kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 0
Assasuni
Shovnali 0
Kadakathi 334
Kulla 216
Dorgapur 0
ACF ECHO Hygiene kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 1817
Assasuni
Shovnali 1096
Kadakathi 886
Kulla 633
Dorgapur 162
ACF ECHO Hygiene 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1794
Page | 78
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
promotion
sessions
Assasuni
Shovnali 1617
Kadakathi 1386
Kulla 1036
Dorgapur 118
ACF ECHO Winter kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 79
Assasuni
Shovnali 45
Kadakathi 44
Kulla 28
Dorgapur 4
ACF ECHO Winter kits
20/12/2011 20/02/2011
Debhata Kulia 1130
Assasuni
Shovnali 842
Kadakathi 776
Kulla 473
Dorgapur 129
ACF ECHO Shelter 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 102
Page | 79
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
Rehabilitation
/construction
Assasuni
Shovnali 45
Kadakathi 45
Kulla 3
Dorgapur 5
ACF ECHO Shelter Kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012
Debhata Kulia 503
Assasuni
Shovnali 159
Kadakathi 162
Kulla 160
Dorgapur 16
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Implementing partner NGO
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Emergency Food packages Per House hold (HH) support – Rice-10 kg Potato-2 kg
01/10/2011 31/10/2011 Tala Jalal Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 180 Ashroy Foundation
Tala Sadar 180 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Durgapur 180 Ashroy Foundation
Page | 80
Musuri dal-2 kg Onion-1 kg Salt-1 kg Soyabin oil-1 kg Sugar-1 kg Suji-1 kg, Body soap-1 piece Soap(wash)-1 piece Fire lighter -1 piece
Asasuni Sadar 180 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 180 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 180 Ashroy Foundation
Kulia 180 Ashroy Foundation
Nawapara 180 MJF, Satkhira
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Installation of Tube wells 100 community based tube wells installed, 10 in each union, Approximately 10 households is benefiting from each tube well.
01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 100 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 100 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 100 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Durgapur 100 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Sadar 100 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 100 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 100 Ashroy Foundation
Paikgacha (Khulna)
Haridhali 100 Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni 100 Ashroy Foundation
Monirampur (Jessore)
Mosimnagar 100 DRO, Jessore
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Installation of Sanitary Latrines Total 500 households based latrines installed
01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 50 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 50 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 50 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Durgapur 50 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Sadar 50 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 50 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 50 Ashroy Foundation
Paikgacha (Khulna)
Haridhali 50 Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni 50 Ashroy Foundation
Monirampur (Jessore)
Mosimnagar 50 DRO, Jessore
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Construction of new houses
01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 10 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 10 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 10 Ashroy Foundation
Page | 81
Total 100 new houses constructed
Asasuni Durgapur 10 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Sadar 10 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 10 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 10 Ashroy Foundation
Paikgacha (Khulna)
Haridhali 10 Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni 10 Ashroy Foundation
Monirampur (Jessore)
Mosimnagar 10 DRO, Jessore
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Repair of damaged houses Total 200 damaged houses repaired
01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 20 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 20 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 20 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Durgapur 20 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Sadar 20 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 20 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 20 Ashroy Foundation
Paikgacha (Khulna)
Haridhali 20 Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni 20 Ashroy Foundation
Monirampur (Jessore)
Mosimnagar 20 DRO, Jessore
Concern Universal (CU)
Cordaid Distribution of winter vegetable seeds Total 3,000 packets of winter vegetable seeds distributed
01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 300 Ashroy Foundation
Khalil Nagar 300 Ashroy Foundation
Khesra 300 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Durgapur 300 Ashroy Foundation
Asasuni Sadar 300 Ashroy Foundation
Kaligonj Nalta 300 MJF, Satkhira
Debhata Parulia 300 Ashroy Foundation
Paikgacha (Khulna)
Haridhali 300 Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni 300 Ashroy Foundation
Monirampur Mosimnagar 300 DRO, Jessore
Page | 82
(Jessore)
Organization Funded by* Support so
far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions
Number of HH covered
SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFW 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala
Jalalpur 1190
Kshesra 818
Khalishkhalli 524
Magura 429
Total 2961
SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFT 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala
Jalalpur 388
Kshesra 164
Khalishkhalli 146
Magura 122
Total 820
Organization Funded by* Support so
far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions
Number of HH covered
SI ECHO (Phase - 2)
Ongoing CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala
Jalalpur 1291
Kshesra 912
Khalishkhalli 1011
Magura 655
Total 3869
SI ECHO (Phase - 2)
Ongoing CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala
Jalalpur 1291
Kshesra 912
Khalishkhalli 1011
Magura 655
Total 3869
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH
covered
SI DFID SHELTER + 01/02/12 01/31/12 Tala Jalalpur 979
Page | 83
Ongoing Latrine Kshesra 322
Surulia 99
Dhandia 92
Tala 179
Kumira 202
Total 1873
Islamic Relief
SL Activity Total target Balli Labsha Total Achievement
Target Achievement Target Achievement
1 Cash for Training 850 family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 850 Family
Cash distribute 2550000 BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 25500000 BDT
2 Hygiene kit distribution 1800 family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family
3 Cash for Work 750 family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 750 Family
4 Provision of HH Latrines 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family
5 Deep tube well
installation
5 nos 0 0 5 5 5 Complete
6 Tube well repairing 6 nos 0 0 6 6 6 Complete
7 Shelter construction 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family
8 Shelter repairing 60 family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 60 Family
District Upazilla Union Satkhira Sadar Labsha
Balli
Page | 84
9 Winter kit distribution 1800 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
Islamic Relief Worldwide Bangladesh
ECHO CFW 01/02/12 03/06/12 Monirampur
Monoharpur 1127
CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/2012 Monoharpur
CFW 01/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur
Biddanandankati 713
CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/12 Biddanandankati
CFW 1/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur
Sagardari 500
CFT 8/5/2012 12/6/2012 Sagordari
Total 2340
Islamic Relief Worldwide Bangladesh
DFID FRESH (shelter) 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Jhaudanga 120
01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Balli 555
01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Labsha 480
01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Brahmmarajpur 276
01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Fingri 292
01-02-12 31-01-13 Debhata Kulia 383
Total 2106
Page | 85
Beneficiary Distribution-FRESH project
District INGO PNGO Upazilla Working
Unions (As per PP)
Working Unions
(revised and final)
Beneficiary per union
Satkhira
IRW Operational
(self-implementation)
Debhata Kulia Kulia 383
Satkhira sadar
Balli, Lebsha, Zhaudanga, Fingri, Brahmarajpur,
Brammarajpur 276
Zhawdanga 120
Fringri 292
Balli 555
Labsha 480
Total (a) 2106
Care
Samadhan Tala Nagarghata, Khalilnagar
Nagarghata 374 khalilnagar 697
Sushilan
Tala Islamkati Islamkathi 950
Satkhira sadar
Dhulihar , Baikari Dulihar 464 baikari 297
Total (b) 2782
SI Operational (self-implementation)
Tala Jalalpur, Keshra, Sarulia
Jalalpur 980 tala 179 kumira 212 Keshra 311 dhandia 92 Sarulia 99
Total (c) 1873
AAB
Dalit
Tala Kumira , Khalishakhali and Magura
Kumira 457
Bhumija Foundation
Khalishakhali 959 Magura 426
Total (d) 1842
OGB Banchte Sekha Tala Tala Sadar, Tentulia, Dhandia
Tetulia 603
Tala szadar (4, 7) 482
Total (e) 1085
Total Satkhira (1) 9688
Jessore CWW Samadhan
Monirampur
Monoharpur Monoharpur 88 Jhapa, Moshimnagar, Monohorpur
Mushim Nagor 131
Jhapa 143
Keshobpur Sagardari, biddanandakati, Sufalakati
Biddanandakhati 603 Sagordari 297 Sufalakathi 141
Total (f) 1403 Total Jessore (2) 1403
Page | 86
Grand Total (1+2) 11091