rajdhani power supply & load details
TRANSCRIPT
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19th June to 22nd June 2015
Rajdhani Express
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Rajdhani Express
15
Introduction: Rajdhani Express is a passenger train service,
ofered by the Indian Rai!ays, operating
bet!een "e! #ehi and other i$portant destinations, especiay
state capitas%
Rajdhani Express !as introduced in 19&9, 'or providing 'ast
connections (up to 1)0 *$+h or - $ph, speed variation depending
upon the particuar trac* section. 'ro$ "e! #ehi to the capita
cities o' various states in India% /he rst RajdhaniExpress e't "e!
#ehi station 'or o!rah station to cover a distance o' 1,))5 *$ in
1- hours 20 $inutes%
/his super'ast train service get highest priority on the Indianrai!ay net!or*% /hey are 'uy airconditioned% 3assengers are
served co$pi$entary $eas during the journey% #epending on the
duration and ti$ings o' the journey, these coud incude 4orning
/ea, brea*'ast, unch, high tea, and dinner%
3resenty the technoogy used in these trains has been obtained
'ro$ er$any, !ith each individua coach buit and exported by
6I"7E84:" ; ? (*no!n as the 6< coaches.%/he ne!est
coaches are said to be $anu'actured by a er$an co$pany:6>/84%
/his super'ast train service runs on eectric oco$otives dra!ing
po!er 'ro$ overhead 25 *@ ines !ith the hep o' 3antographs%
o!ever po!er reAuired 'or ighting, heating, air conditioning
purposes is generated using #iese enerator sets(*no!n as #%
sets., i$pe$enting E8(End on eneration. !ith t!o po!er cars
at the t!o ends o' the train%
: Rajdhani Express trains ofer three casses o' acco$$odationB:? irst ?ass !ith 2 or )berth oc*abe bedroo$s, :? 2tier !ith
open berths (bays o' ) berths C 2 berths on the other side o' the
corridor. !ith curtains 'or privacy, and :? Dtier (bays o' & berths C
2 berths on the side. !ith curtains 'or privacy (according to recent
directive the curtains in a D tier acco$$odations have been
re$oved.%
Power scheme in Rajdhani Express: /he entire po!er
reAuired 'or :?% syste$,
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Rajdhani Express
1&
ighting syste$, 3antry ?ar
po!er is deivered by the # sets estabished in the 3o!er
?ar% /he #% sets produce -50 @% D phase :?% po!er 'or o!
trans$ission oss% /he -50 @% :?% po!er then dropped do!n to
)15 @% D phase :?% po!er by t!o &0 7@:% trans'or$ers 'or t!o# sets% /his )15 @% :?% po!er go to $etering and contro
section% :ccording to origina er$an designing the
generated -50 @% :?% po!er go to t!o &0 7@:% trans'or$er by
t!o 'eeders 'ro$ t!o # sets% /hen the votage is dropped
do!n to )15 @% and trans$itted to the Roo' Extractor sets and
Radiator 4otor sets by one branch 'ro$ each trans'or$er
secondary and another t!o branches o' the t!o trans'or$ers
joined together and then suppies po!er to the other oads%
:ccording to the R? designing there are t!o &0 7@:% step
do!n trans'or$ers, connected !ith the -50 @% generated by
the t!o aternators by pri$ary side and the secondary o' the
trans'or$ers carrying )15 @% :?% are connected to the Roo'
Extractor sets and Radiator 4otor sets% 8ther branches 'ro$
the # sets carrying -50 @% :? are joined together and then
they are connected to a &0 7@:% trans'or$er% /he output o'
this trans'or$er, )15 @ :?% then trans$itted to the other
oads% "o! the )15 @% three phase :?% suppy is directyconnected to the R
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Rajdhani Express
1-
/he po!er sche$e o' the :? ot
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Rajdhani Express
1
#iese enerator (# . set (2 in each po!er car . co$prising
diese generator and an aternator couped together%ReactorInter @ehicuar couping (*no!n as > couper . bet!een
coaches%/rans'or$ers#isconnecting and Earthing #evice
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Rajdhani Express
19
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Rajdhani Express
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Rajdhani Express
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Alternator: /he aternator is couped !ith the diese
engine %Each po!er car has t!o aternators% /he aternator
specications are given beo!%
Specifcations o Alternator:
/he
votage
reAuired
'or usage
'or the
appiances in the coaches is )15 @%
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Rajdhani Express
22
DG set coupled with Alternator in the Power Car ofRajdhani Express
Inducti!e Reactor: /he po!er generated in an idea
aternator is totay sinusoida !ithout any un!anted surges
and other har$onics %8ny the pri$ary har$onics present in
the signa% :$ong the$ the odd order har$onics speciay the
Drd order har$onics can da$age the eectrica eAuip$ent
severey% /he reactor is used to re$ove these un!anted
signas and provide pure sinusoida signa%
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Rajdhani Express
2D
Reactor specifcations :
4a*er 7ER:6: E6E?/RI?:6:"# :66IE# E"% ?8%
6/#%@ots% 125 @%:$pere 50 :%reAuency3hase 1Insuation cass ?6:>> Insuation eve :? D
/ype o' cooing :"4ax% te$perature
rise
degree ?%
?ore and !inding &0 *g%/ota !eight 110 *g%
Inter" !ehicular coupling: /he po!er generated at the
po!er car aternator is suppied to the coaches via inter
vehicuar couping or > couping%/he xed trans$ission ines are not used in the suppy
syste$%
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Rajdhani Express
2)
Disconnecting and Earthing de!ice: hie $aintenance
a the ive suppies are to be re$oved and s!itched of% hie
starting the $aintenance the device disconnects a suppiesand a'ter the job co$petion the device connects the coach to
the suppy%
Disconnecting and Earthing Device
#atter$ %ox: =nder each coach there is a battery box% /his
is used 'or bac* up suppy to the coaches% Each box suppies
110@ #?% Each box contains 9 batteries and each battery
suppies 12%2 @ #?% /he batteries are charged by reguated
battery chargers (R
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Rajdhani Express
25
hen R
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Rajdhani Express
2&
coach there is one trans'or$er to suppy po!er (excuding
pantry cars !hich have three trans'or$ers 'or each coach.%
>pecication o' &0 7@:% /rans'or$erB
4a*er @i$a /rans'or$er
?orporationInput -50 @% :?%8utput @% :??apacity 7@:%reAuency 50 G%I$pendence O) K6ine :$p% )&%2 :%8utput D%2 :%eight O))0 *g%@ector connection My0@ector type 3ri$ary B >tar
>econdary B >tar
/here is a &0 7@:% trans'or$er in the 3o!er ?ar to step do!n the
produced -50 @% to )15 @% to run the bo!er 'ans%
/here is a trans'or$er under each coach !hich steps do!n the 2D0
@% (3hase to neutra. to 110 @% :?% 'or the Nuorescent a$ps in the
coaches%
/here are again step do!n trans'or$ers !hich trans'or$s 110 @%
:?% to 12 @% :?% /hen the 12 @% :?% is converted to 12 @% #?% 'or
charging the batteries%
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Rajdhani Express
2-
!" #$A% &ransfor'er under the coach !" #$A%
&ransfor'er in the Power Car
'ater Pumps: /he -50@ :? co$ing 'ro$ the aternators is
stepped do!n to D phase )15@ :? by the &0 7@: trans'or$er%
/his )15@ :? drives t!o centri'uga pu$ps ocated in a
stainess stee casing at the under 'ra$e suppy the !ater tothe tan*s% 8ne o' the )15 @ pu$ps is a!ays *ept running,
!hie the other is *ept on standby 'or ) hours $axi$u$% :'ter
) hours a $icrocontroer s!itches the operation to the other
pu$p% /hese
suppy !ater in the
coaches%
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Rajdhani Express
2
(ater Pu'ps set under the coach
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Rajdhani Express
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&he coach confguration o Sealdah" (ew Delhi
Rajdhani Express:
:$ost every Rajdhani Express ofers three casses o'
acco$$odation,
irst cass :? !ith 2 or ) berth oc*abe bedroo$s:? 2 tire !ith open berth !ith curtains 'or privacy:? D tire !ith curtains 'or privacy
/he Rajdhani Express contains 20 coaches in tota% /he
coaches are as beo!,
Coach (um%er o
coach
Coach no)
irst :? 1 1
:? /!o /ire D :1 H :D:? /hree /ire 12
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Rajdhani Express
D0
,in*e " -omann " #usch Coaches: 6in*e o'$ann
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Rajdhani Express
D1
the passenger co$part$ents o' Indian Rai!ays that have
been deveoped by 6in*eo'$ann
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Rajdhani Express
D2
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Rajdhani Express
DD
.irst Class AC coach:
/he train has ony one rst cass :? coach%
/his $ay contain 2 berths or D berths syste$%/he coach has controabe $usic syste$% /he announce$ent
and the $usic vou$e can be reguated in the rst cass
co$part$ent%/he rst cass coach does not have any botte cooer or
'reeGer%
AC &wo &ire and &hree &ire coachB
/he train has D :? 2 tier and 10 :? D tier coaches%
Each coach gets its o!n po!er suppy 'ro$ the trans'or$erbeo! the$%/he D tier (&C2 berth. and the 2 tier ()C2 berth. coaches
have their o!n controing and sa'ety units at the ends o' the
coaches%Each coach is provided !ith $usic syste$ and announce$ent
syste$ !hich is controed 'ro$ the panes at the end%Each coach has its o!n storage seection 'or 'ood and !ater%
or this purpose 2 deep 'reeGers, 2 botte cooers and 2 hot
cases are provided% /his unit is operated by the co$pressorsand the bo!er $otors o' its o!n $ounted beo! this unit%
(i. (ii.
(iii.
AC +i,irst +ii,&wo and +iii,&hree &ire coach
Pantr$ Car: /he pantry car is the coach to suppy 'ood to thepassengers and the staf $e$bers% /here are t!o pantry cars
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Rajdhani Express
D)
at the t!o ends o' the train a'ter the po!er cars% /he diferent
co$ponents o' the pantry car are given beo!%
E/uipment
Description
,oad
0'att1
2uantit$ &otal load
0'att1#eep reeGer,
2D0tr
)00 1 )00
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Rajdhani Express
D5
#ue to a these high rating eAuip$ents are housed in the
pantry car, it reAuires $ore eectric suppy than other
coaches%
#ue to the operation o' the heater,!ater boier and other high oading
ee$ents there are $uch $ore ris*
'or re haGards% /o dea !ith this
probe$ the Smo*e Detector is
*ept $ounted in the ceiing o' the
car connected !ith aar$ syste$%
/he s$o*e detector has a si$pe
ther$ostat s!itch that
auto$aticay s!itches on the
aar$ under critica conditions%
.'o/e Detector and Alar'
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Rajdhani Express
D&
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Rajdhani Express
D-
3arious Pantr$ Car E/uipments:
1% #eep reeGer 2%
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Rajdhani Express
D
:ppicationB Evaporator and ?ondenser%
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Rajdhani Express
D9
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)0
Expansion principle: hen a gas expands !ithout externaheat exchange it te$perature 'as and !hen it is co$pressed!ithout externa heat exchange its te$perature decreases%
/he airconditioning syste$ adopted in airconditionedcoaches !or* on $echanica co$pression syste$ andconsists o' the 'oo!ing,
Evaporator unit consisting o' cooing coi(heat exchanger.,
heater and $otordriven bo!er unit%
/her$ostatic expansion vave% 4otordriven co$pressor%
:ir cooed condenser (!ith cooing 'an driven by $otor.
6iAuid receiver and dehydrator%
Re'rigerant piping 'or conveying the re'rigerant(R1D):.%
&he Rerigeration C$cle: : typica re'rigeration cyce in anairconditioned coach can be represented aso in a pressure
enthapy diagra$ as in gure% /he re'rigerant gas at o!
pressure (represented by point ?. is co$pressed to point #%/he co$pression process eevates the pressure 'ro$ D-
psi($axi$u$ )& psi. to 150 psi($axi$u$ 10 psi.% /he
co$pression o' the gas aso heats up the gas to a superheat
condition% /he gas at the co$pressor outet is superheat and
atent heat are re$oved at constant pressure , the re'rigerant
reaching the point : at the end o' this part o' the cyce% /he
ine :< represents the expansion that ta*es pace in the
expansion vave !hie the ine 8 specication aso ays do!n
that the eAuip$ent sha ad$it 'resh air at the rate o' 0%D5
$etro cube per $inute per passenger in the nons$o*ing
area and 0%- $eter cube per $inute per passenger in thecase o' co$part$ents !here s$o*ing is per$itted%
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Rajdhani Express
)1
Description o !arious components o Air "Conditioning
S$stem:
E!aporator unit: /he evaporator unit consists o' ather$ostatic expansion vave, a heat exchanger, a resistanceheating unit and a centri'uga bo!er driven by a $otor% /he'unction o' the ther$ostatic expansion vave is to ao! theco$pressed re'rigerant iAuid to expand to a o!er pressurecorresponding to the oad de$and% /he expanded re'rigerantpasses through a heat exchangerQ the heat in the air istrans'erred to the re'rigerant causing the cooing o' the airand the evaporation o' the re'rigerant inside the tubes% /hecooed air is ed through the ducting to the variousco$part$ents and difused by $eans o' air difusers% reshair is dra!n through ters to ei$inate dust and is $ixed !iththe return air in the penu$ on the inet side o' theevaporator% >i$iary, the return air ters so that the dustcontained air in the return air is extracted% hen the outsidea$bient is very o! and !hen the re'rigeration is not reAuired,the heater is s!itched on according to the setting o'ther$ostat%
Expansion !al!e: /he pri$ary 'unction o' the expansion
vaue is to contro the Auantity o' iAuid re'rigerant ad$ittedinto the cooing cois o' the evaporator%% /he expansion vavead$its $ore re'rigerant !hen the air conditioning oad ishigh, and reduces it to the $ini$u$ !hen the oad is o!%I'the airconditioning oad varies greaty the superheat $ay beset bet!een 1018 to 1508%
Compressor: /he re'rigerants vapour dra!n 'ro$ the
evaporator is co$pressed by $eans o' a $uti cyinderreciprocating co$pressor% /he !or* done due to co$pressionraises the te$perature o' the re'rigerant vapour%
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Rajdhani Express
)2
Condenser: /he condenser serves the 'unction o' extracting
the heat absorbed by the re'rigerant vapour in the evaporatorand the heat absorbed during the co$pression process% /hecondenser consists o' a heat exchanger, !hich is 'orcecooed
by $eans o' t!o or three axia No! bo!er 'ans% /here'rigerant vapour is cooed at constant pressure by $eans o'the air bo!n over the nned tubes and iAueed% /here'rigerant iAuid eaving the condenser is ed into the iAuidreceiver 'ro$ !here it proceeds to the expansion vave on theevaporator% /he iAuid receiver is a cyindrica container !hichcontains a reserve o' the re'rigerant iAuid% : dehydrator andter are aso provided to ensure that the re'rigerant is 'ree'ro$ $oisture and dust partices%
-igh Pressure cut"out: /he high pressure cutout is
essentiay a sa'ety device against buid up o' excessivedeivery pressure and protects the co$pressor and pipingsyste$ 'ro$ da$age% I t is a pressure operative s!itch !hichs!itches of the co$pressor drive $otor !hen the pressureexceeds a preset vave%
,ow Pressure cut"out: /his is aso a pressure operateds!itch si$iar to the high pressure cutout s!itch, but is shutsdo!n the co$pressor i' the suction pressure drops do!nbeo! 10 psi gauge% It protects the syste$ against unduy o!evaporator te$peratures and 'or$ation o' 'rost on theevaporator%
Deh$drator and .ilter: ater vapor or $oisture !i cause
troube in any re'rigeration syste$% /he $oisture $ay 'reeGeand boc* the expansion vave orice, and% aso causecorrosion in !or*ing parts% /his is best achieved by subjectingthe syste$ o' vacuu$ 'or 2 or D days% /he dehydrator isanother drying device containing>iica ge or other si$iar drying agent inserted in there'rigerant oad 'or re$oving $oisture 'ro$ the re'rigerant!hie in operation% It shoud be provided ateast te$perature!hen the instaation is brought into operation to re$ove any$oisture in the piping syste$%
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Rajdhani Express
)D
Rerigeration piping: /he re'rigerant piping consist o' the
suction ine('ro$ the evaporator outet to the co$pressorinet. and the discharge ine('ro$ the co$pressor outet to thecondenser inet., and iAuid ine('ro$ the iAuid receiver to the
inet side o' the expansion vave.% ?onnections to the gaugepane 'ro$ the co$pressor deivery side(high pressure side.,o! pressure side and 'ro$ the co$pressor cran*case, theubricating oi connections, are aso part o' the piping syste$,ony copper pipes are used 'or re'rigerant piping%
AC Control Panel: /he contro o' the airconditiong syste$ is
achieved by $eans o' :ir conditioning ?ontro 3ane%
AC Control Panel Components and their unctions:
E!aporator .an 5otor Pro!ing Rela$: /he prevents
energisation o' the co$pressor $otor and condenser $otor or
eater ti trio evaporator $otor (1&. co$es F8"F and bo!s
air into the duct through the evaporator coi% /his reay !or*s
in conjunction !ith a @one >!itchS provided in trio air circuit%
I' the evaporator bo!er $otor suppy 'ais or the $otor does
not run, the co$pressor $otor and the condenser
$otors+eater !i get s!itched T8F by this reay%
,ow 3oltage Rela$: /his !i trip to stop the co$pressor
$otor and
condenser $otors+heater, and prevent the$ 'ro$ starting by
cutting of the suppy to their contro circuit i' the votage o'
the battery is beo! 100 and reset !hen battery votage rises
to 102 @% /he reay is provides !ith a buidin ti$e deay ' 5
seconds, to avoid nuisance H tripping%
Cooling Pilot Rela$: :cts as an eectrica in* bet!een the
cooing ther$ostats and the contro circuit o' the co$pressor
and condenser% /his is energiGed by eectronic triggering set
of by heat ther$ostat%
-eating Pilot Rela$: :cts as an eectrica in* bet!een the
heating ther$ostats and the contro circuit o' heater% /his is
energiGed by eectronic triggering set of by ther$ostats%
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))
5ain Control Switch: /his is the contro s!itch 'or starting
or shutting do!n the pant% /his has got provision to seectbo!er ony, 68, 4E#I=4 and I te$perature setting%
4il pressure Cut"out Switch: /his protect the co$pressoragainst ubrication 'aiure either due to esser oi oi pu$p'aiure or boc*ing o' oi piping, and acts in conjuction !ithther$a cutout to shut do!n the co$pressor ony i' the o!oi pressure persists%
,ow pressure cut out: : pressure s!itch to protect against
!or*ing o' co$pressor !ith o! suction pressure due to osso' reon gas or other reasons% /his s!itch has been connected
by $eans o' copper piping to the suction header o' theco$pressor%
-igh pressure cut out: : pressure s!itch to shut do!n the
co$pressor !hen co$pressor discharge pressure is too high%/he s!itch has been connected to the co$pressor dischargeheader by $eans o' copper piping%
Pilot lights: /hese ights indicate respectivey nor$acy oh
the $ains , bo!er 'an $otor, co$pressor $otor, heater andnor$a votage% Indications are no! by 6E#s%
Comparison o roo mounted A)C s$stem with
con!entional under rame -ung:
#asis o comparison
Roo mountedAC s$stem
6nder .rame-ung
eight 900 7g 2-007gInstaation /i$e ) rs ) daysRe'rigerant R22
$onochorodiaNuoro $ethane
R1D)a tetraNuoro ethane
?harge 6ess than D%0 *g 15 20 *g>yste$ design er$eticay
seaed
8pen
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Rajdhani Express
)5
Roo' ea*potentia
"i Enor$ous
3o!er suppy :?% "i#a$age due to
?atte run
"i eavy
#a$age due toNash Noods
"i eavy
3er'or$ance Exceent #eterioratesAuic*y due todust coectionunder coach
/echnoogy 6atest 8d and obsoeteater drop on "i 3assengers at
endresh air ro$ roo' /a*es 'ro$ toiet?apacity contro 25K100K 50 100K#o!n ti$e 'orrepairs
) hrs @ery ong repairreAuired