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What isInternet


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It is the largest network in the world thatconnects hundreds of thousands of individual networks all over the world .Network is a collection of two or morecomputers.

The popular term for the Internet is the information highway.

Rather than moving through geographical

space, it moves your ideas and informationthrough cyberspace the space of electronic movement of ideas andinformation.


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No one owns it

It has no formal managementorganization.

As it was originally developed by theDepartment of defense, this lack of centralization made it less vulnerable towartime or terrorist attacks.

To access the Internet, an existing

network need to pay a small registrationfee and agree to certain standards basedon the TCP/IP (Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol) .


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Network : It is the collectionof two or more computersthrough server.

server

computer

computer

computer


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Send e-mail messages.

Send (upload) or receive (down load) filesbetween computers.

Participate in discussion groups, such asmailing lists and newsgroups.Surfing the web.

Uses of internet.


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What is Web?The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pagescontaining text and graphic images.

It contains hypertext links, or highlightedkeywords and images that lead to relatedinformation.

A collection of linked Web pages that has acommon theme or focus is called a Website .

The main page that all of the pages on a


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How to access the Internet?

Many schools and businesses have directaccess to the Internet using special high-speed communication lines and

equipment.Students and employees can accessthrough the organizations local areanetworks (LAN) or through their ownpersonal computers.Another way to access the Internet isthrough Internet Service Provider (ISP).


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To access the Internet, an existingnetwork need to pay a small registration

fee and agree to certain standards basedon the TCP/IP (Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol) referencemodel.

Each organization pays for its ownnetworks and its own telephone bills, butthose costs usually exist independent of the internet.

The regional Internet companies route andforward all traffic, and the cost is still onlythat of a local telephone call.


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Internet Service Provider(ISP)

A commercial organization withpermanent connection to the Internet thatsells temporary connections to subscribers.

Examples:

Prodigy, America Online, Microsoftnetwork, AT&T Networks.


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How to access the Web?

Once you have your Internet connection,then you need special software called abrowser to access the Web.

Web browsers are used to connect you toremote computers, open and transfer files,display text and images.

Web browsers are specialized programs.

Examples of Web browser: NetscapeNavigator (Navigator) and Internet

Explorer.


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Client/Server Structure of theWeb

Web is a collection of files that reside oncomputers, called Web servers , that arelocated all over the world and areconnected to each other through theInternet.

When you use your Internet connection tobecome part of the Web, your computerbecomes a Web client in a worldwideclient/server network.

A Web browser is the software that you


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Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML)The public files on the web servers areordinary text files, much like the files usedby word-processing software.

To allow Web browser software to readthem, the text must be formattedaccording to a generally accepted

standard.The standard used on the web isHypertext markup language (HTML).


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Addresses on the Web:IPAddressingEach computer on the internet does have aunique identification number, called an IP(Internet Protocol) address.

The IP addressing system currently in useon the Internet uses a four-part number.

Each part of the address is a number

ranging from 0 to 255, and each part isseparated from the previous part by period,

For example, 106.29.242.17


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IP Addressing

The combination of the four IP addressparts provides 4.2 billion possible addresses(256 x 256 x 256 x 256).

This number seemed adequate until 1998.Members of various Internet task forces areworking to develop an alternate addressingsystem that will accommodate the

projected growth.However, all of their working solutionsrequire extensive hardware and softwarechanges throughout the Internet.


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Domain Name Addressing

Most web browsers do not use the IPaddress t locate Web sites and individualpages.

They use domain name addressing.A domain name is a unique nameassociated with a specific IP address by aprogram that runs on an Internet host

computer.This program, which coordinates the IPaddresses and domain names for allcomputers attached to it, is called DNS(Domain Name System ) software .


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Domain Name Addressing

Domain names can include any number of partsseparated by periods, however most domain namescurrently in use have only three or four parts.

Domain names follow hierarchical model that you

can follow from top to bottom if you read the namefrom the right to the left.

For example, the domain name gsb.uchicago.edu isthe computer connected to the Internet at theGraduate School of Business (gsb), which is anacademic unit of the University of Chicago(uchicago), which is an educational institution(edu).

No other computer on the Internet has the same


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Uniform Resource Locators

The IP address and the domain name each identifya particular computer on the Internet.

However, they do not indicate where a Web pagesHTML document resides on that computer.

To identify a Web pages exact location, Webbrowsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells theWeb browser:

What transfer protocol to use for transporting thefile

The domain name of the computer on which thefile resides


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Structure of a UniformResource Locators

http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm

protocol

Domainname

pathname

filename

http => Hypertext TransferProtocol


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HTTP

The transfer protocol is the set of rulesthat the computers use to move files fromone computer to another on the Internet.

The most common transfer protocol usedon the Internet is the Hypertext TransferProtocol (HTTP).

Two other protocols that you can use onthe Internet are the File Transfer Protocol(FTP) and the Telnet Protocol


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How to find information onthe Web?

A number of search tools have beendeveloped and available to you on certainWeb sites that provide search services to

help you find information.Examples:

Yahoo www.yahoo.com Excite www.excite.com Lycos www.lycos.com AltaVista www/alta-vista.com


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How to find information onthe Web?

You can find information by two basicmeans.

Search by Topic and Search by

keywords .Some search services offer both methods,others only one.

Yahoo offers both. Search by Topic

You can navigate through topic lists

Search by keywords


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