radical days of revolution section 3 swbat: understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy...
TRANSCRIPT
RADICAL DAYS OF REVOLUTION
Section 3
SWBAT: •understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy•Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created and why the Reign of Terror resulted•Summarize how the excesses of the Convention led to the formation of the Directory•Analyze how the French people were affected by the changes brought about by the revolution.
Do Now Tuesday1/15/13
During the French and American revolutions printed materials were the primary means of communication. During WWII, radio and newspapers were the primary means of communication while during the Gulf Wars, television news and the Internet were used by many as the primary source of information.
How has technology and access to it impacted the believability of propaganda?
Radical Revolution
Storming Versailles – Royal family to Paris October 6, 1789
Tensions rise abroad Émigrés were groups of people hoping to
restore the king’s power Louis XVI attempted escape June 21,
1791 Consequence RADICAL transition
National Convention
Radicals take control of the Assembly Call for new legislative body called the
National Convention. Louis XVI put on trial as a traitor to
France
Another Constitution National Convention drafts new constitution
for France. Jacobins radical group control the
Convention erase all traces of the old order
Seized lands of nobles & abolished titles of nobility
Suffrage: the right to vote, for all male citizens, not just property owners
Voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic The French Republic
Louis XVI convicted (treason) & sentenced to death Guillotine Executed January 1793
The Royal Family
Marie Antoinette outlived her husband by 9 months
Found guilty of treason: October of 1793 sent to the Guillotine
Marie had two surviving children, Marie Therese & Louis Charles
Louis Charles died in prison in 1795 – age10 Marie Therese exiled &married
died childless in 1851
• three most memorable Jacobins:
1. Georges Danton, 2. Maximilien
Robespierre, 3. Jean-Paul Marat.
Because of a debilitating illness, Marat was forced to work from home.
He was assassinated (in the tub while taking a medicinal bath)
by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist sympathizer, in July, 1793.
The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David
Reign of Terror:September 5, 1793-July 27, 1794
Convention continued to face problems domestically
Jacobin political party dominated French politics
Committee of Public Safety Headed by Danton (and later Robespierre)
Those accused of treason were tried by the Committee’s Revolutionary Tribunal
Approximately 15,000 people died on the guillotine
Guillotine became known as the “National Razor”
Growing Coalition against the French Draft to defeat the foreign Coalition
people supported military operations they did not want to be back under the Old Regime
Rouget de Lisle wrote the “Marseillaise” French national anthem Inspired troops as they were led into battle
After 2 years Coalition was defeated France had gained territory
Primary Source
“It is necessary to stifle the domestic and foreign enemies of the Republic perish with them….The first maxim of our politics ought to be to lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by terror….If the basis of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the basis of popular government in time of revolution is both virtue and terror.”
- Mazimilien Robespierre, quoted in Pageant of Europe
Committee of Public Safety
End of the Reign of Terror
• Members of Girondist political party tried to end ROT
• This opposition caused many Girondists to be tried and executed for treason
• Eventually, even Georges Danton wanted to end the executions– resulted in Danton
being executed for treason
• Robespierre leader of the Committee of Public Safety– continued the executions– Convention blamed
Robespierre for the Reign of Terror
• Thermidorean Reaction
• July 27, 1794 – ended Reign of Terror
• Robespierre & other members of the Committee of Public Safety to the guillotine
• Robespierre was guillotined on July 28, 1794
Constitution #3 (1795)
• Revolution Enters Third Stage• Move away from the Convention• Form the DIRECTORY• With the foreign invaders vanquished & Reign
of Terror over, the Convention was finally able to inaugurate its new constitution
• Formed a two house legislature elected by male citizens of property
• Middle class and professional people of the bourgeoisie were the dominant force of this stage
YouTube
french rev song
gaga
Government under the Directory
• 5 directors appointed by the LegislatureExecutive
• Lower house (500 members) proposed laws• Upper house (250 members) voted on these
laws• 2/3 of the Legislature would initially be filled by
members of the Convention
Legislature
• Girondists (middle-class party) had defeated the Jacobins (working- and peasant-class party)
• Girondists’ constitution stated that suffrage (the right to vote), as well as the right to hold office, were limited to property owners
Qualifications
Other Parting ReformsPassed by the Convention
Adopted the metric system
Dealt the final blow to feudalism by
abolishing primogeniture (the
system whereby the oldest son inherited
all of his father’s estate)
Drew up a comprehensive system of laws
Ended debt imprisonment
Ended slavery in France’s colonies
Established a nationwide system of
public education
Directory (1795-1799)The Directory suffered from corruption and poor administration.
The people of France grew poorer and more frustrated with their government.
Despite, or perhaps because of, these struggles, the French developed a strong feeling of nationalism – they were proud of their country and devoted to it.
National pride was fueled by military successes.
It would be a military leader – Napoleon Bonaparte, coming to power through a coup d’état – who would end the ten-year period (1789-1799) known as the French Revolution.
Review Questions
1. What changes occurred after the
Reign of Terror came to an end
2. What human rights were
established in France by the
Declaration of the Rights of Man?
3. How did Olympe de Gouges fight for women’s
rights?
4. What were émigrés, and why did French revolutionaries view them as a threat?
5. Name and describe the two political parties
that competed for power in
revolutionary France.
6. What was the Committee of Public Safety?
7. Describe the Reign of Terror and
explain how it eventually came
to an end.
8. Were the “excesses” of the French Revolution justified? Why or
why not?
9. Looking back at the first half of 1789, could the
French Revolution have been
avoided? If so, how?