radiation protection
DESCRIPTION
Radiation Protection. Stat Ch 8 & 9 RHB – Rad Prot Syllabus. What is the difference between X-ray & Gamma?. RHB – Rad Prot – CH. IX p 51. ALARA (no minimum threshold) STOCHASTIC EFFECTS – NON TRESHOLD (CA + GENETIC) NON STHOCAHSTIC (DETERMINISTIC) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Radiation Protection
Stat Ch 8 & 9
RHB – Rad Prot Syllabus
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What is the difference betweenX-ray & Gamma?
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RHB – Rad Prot – CH. IX p 51• ALARA (no minimum threshold)• STOCHASTIC EFFECTS –
NON TRESHOLD (CA + GENETIC)
• NON STHOCAHSTIC (DETERMINISTIC)SEVERITY OF EFFECTS VARIES WITH RADIATION DOSE (THRESHOLD)
(CATARACTS, SKIN, BONE MARROW, STERILITY
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PERSONNEL PROTECTION
• SCATTER FROM THE PATIENT
• TABLE TOP, COLLIMATOR, TUBE HOUSING, BUCKY
• STRAY RADIATION – LEAKAGE OR SCATTER RADIATION
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PERSONNEL PROTECTION
• STANDING BEHIND A PROTECTIVE PRIMARY (1/16TH pb) BARRIER:
• PRIMARY RADIATION EXPOSURE – 99.87% REDUCED
• PORTABLE BARRIER = 99 % REDUCTION
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PERSONNEL PROTECTION
• PROTECTIVE APRONS –
• 0.25 PB = 97% ↓ TO SCATTER
• 0.5 PB = 99.9% ↓ TO SCATTER
• THYROID SHEILDS (0.25 & 0.5)
• GLOVES (0.25 & 0.5)
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PERSONNEL PROTECTIONMONITORING
• FILM BADGE• TLD• POSL
• POCKET DOSIMETER
• RING BADGE
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PERSONNEL PROTECTIONMONITORING
• DOSE LIMITS
• WHOLE BODY
• EYES
• EXTREMITIES (BELOW ELBOW/KNEES)
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Occupational DoseANNUAL LIMITS
• WHOLE BODY = 5 REMS / 5000mRem
• LENS OF THE EYE = 15 REMS
• EXTREMITIES = 50 REMS
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TLD
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Ionization chamber
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Report at least every quarterPreserved for a minimum of 3 years
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RHB NOTIFICATION (EXP IN 24 HOURS)
• IMMEDIATE – WITHIN 24 HOURS
• TOTAL DOSE OF 25 rems
• Eye dose – 75 rem
• Extremity – 250 RADS
• OVEREXPOSURE – WITHIN 30 DAYS
• TOTAL DOSE OF 5 rems
• Eye dose – 15 rem
• Extremity - 50 REMS
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LICENSE RENEWAL
• WITHIN 30 DAYS OF EXPRIATION
• NOTIFICATION OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS
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• HIGH RADIAITON AREA –
• 100 mRem ( 0.1 rem / (1 msV)– @ 30 cm from the source of radiaton
• RADIAITON AREA –
• RHB: 5 mRem ( 0.005 rem / (.05 msV)– @ 30 cm from the source of radiation
• PUBLIC 2 mrem per week* (STAT)
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RHB “RULES” RHB RP PG61
• LICENTIATES OF THE HEALING ARTS(MD, DO, DC, DPM)
• MUST HAVE A • RADIOLOGY SUPERVISOR &
OPERATORS PERMIT & CERTIFICATE• TO OPERATE OR SUPERVISE THE USE
OF X-RAYS ON HUMANS• SUPEVISORS MUST POST THEIR
LICENSES
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RHB “RULES” RHB RP PG62
• ALL XRAYS MUST BE ORDERED BY A PHYSICIAN
• VERBAL OR WRITTEN PRESCRIPTION
• See Section C – “Technologist Restrictions”
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CARDINAL RULES
• TIME
• DISTANCE
• SHEILDING
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SHEILDING PG 72 RHB
• HVL – expressed 2 ways
• HOW MUCH IT REDUCES THE ORGINAL BEAM INTENSITY
• HOW MUCH IS REQUIRED FOR BARRIER THICKNESS (amount needed to attenuated the beam
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Room SheildingCh. 9
• Workload Factor (W) -ma/sec/week
– how much time during the week is the beam on
• Occupancy Factor (T) - # of people in room - beyond the barrier
• Use Factor (U) - % of time beam will strike a barrier (table pg 242) Primary vs Secondary
• Leakage Radiation
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Which type of radiation is predominant above 80 kvp?
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• 10 day rule• No threshold for exposure• Leukemia , congential abnormailies
cander induction, resportion or death of the embryo and genetic effects
• Therapetuic Abortion “not justified”• 25 rads or less – no injury seen• ABSORBED DOSES – 50 RADS – could
result in a spontaneous abortion
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DOSE TO FETUS VS ESE
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Pregnancy & Embryo
Mother –
occupational worker (5 rem)
• Baby – (500 mRem)
• .5 rem/ year .05 rem/month
• 5 mSv .5 mSv / month
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Declared Pregnant Worker• Must declare pregnancy – 2 badges provided• 1 worn at collar (Mother’s exposure)• 1 worn inside apron at waist level
Under 5 rad – negligible risk
Risk increases above 15 rad
Recommend abortion (spontaneous) 25 rad
• (“Baby exposure” approx 1/1000 of ESE)
• www.ntc.gov/NRC/RG/08/08-013.html