rab on site energy generation for zch_summary

8/9/2019 RAB On Site Energy Generation for ZCH_Summary

1/18

The Role of Onsite Energy

Generation in DeliveringZero Carbon Homes

URN NUMBER: 07/1555

A report from the Renewables Advisory Board

By Eement Energy wth EST

picTURE: ViElMo/GREENpEacE


2/18

A report from the renewAbles Advisory boArd

t a p m sag U,G muga, a a G qu a cag g , u ua

g . t cu g ca accu cg a a z ca 2016. t c a-g a .

t ra A ba

(RAB) by Element Energy is the rst detailed

aa a ga cua g c. e a

uc a g u gu

g a x

cuc c a a

u. i gu

g cgca a gua

cc ca z ca c.

t da Cu a lca

G (ClG) a ca a a

z ca c ua

cg a uc c ca

cg xg . t

ugg a ca ac m a

a acc a ca

ga, a cg cg

benets of more expensive onsite generation.

pu agu a cag g ug

a u a cca

efcient way of meeting the policys goals, but this

ag a cau ag k,

a cg ua

jc c. w c a a

strong justication for using this policy to support ca, ca z

ca ga, a a a

c, uc a ra oga, a

u ca g.

t a z ca

c cu ca a ak

a 2 a a. t

a ak aa a gg a a

ca ra oga, a

one that benets renewable power and heat

gag cg.

n a a

a g cag .

t gg ak c ack

a a cg

2016, a caac ga a

ca. b g ju

axa 25% ca ag a

g a 2015 100% ag

The role of onsiTe energy generaTion in delivering zero carbon homes

f


3/18


2016, ClG ca a g cag

demand in the nal year that will require new

cuc u k, a ag

xa auacug a aa

caac. w a caac ga cau c a a .

ou ca ca

that Government nds new ways of bringing

a a a 2016,

a a a xc ag u caac

cuc c a UK

a u. i cu

aag a u a qu , u ag

qu z ca aa

ag 2016. t z

ca c a u

for change, which could bring signicant

industrial and environmental benets to theUK. n ca ua

ca ag a ca

aa G a 2016

gg a z ca ga

.

Matthew Spencer

Chair, Microgeneration Working Group,Renewables Advisory Board

f


Our central recommendation is therefore that Government nds newa gg a a a 2016


4/18


t u u a u a u ca g a u. rAba c gg a k a

cca g a:

rca rAb

1. Create strong, early stimulation to the

onsite renewables sector to avoid the high

risk of a supply gap in 2016

w c gg k ucc z ca c. t c

ca a ag ak

a, u aac

a ca a a u

a 2016, c a

c uk a u

g a c ua

next eight years. Specically, the transition

C suaa h (Csh)

5 6 uc a uaa aa

a a cc, a a

uc cu ca a uuaa k

a cc ga.

t cc gag cg u

not be signicantly stimulated by the gradual

uc c cg a.

Without sufcient onsite renewables supply

u a c

ug gua a a u

ug u . Cu a

qu u g u a UK

ak 2 u au

a a a 2016.

ea a ca ug

c u a uk ua ca u ca.

w c a da bu, e a rgua r

(berr) a rAb ca u u k

the nance community and the renewable

c a caac

ug ag a

w c a ClG ug x

a cagg c ua a

a aac 2016,

g aag a u cag

a a ca

z, cuagg ca au qu

Csh 6 ug ag gua

ag ua x a

aac 2016. w ag

cu a a

u a ga a

a c c c

ac z ca aa.



5/18


2. Accelerate the technological and

commercial development of biomass CHP

f z ca c aca

a a u 1mw a Chp cca a cca a

2016. t qu a ug cg

acca a UK a eua .

i a a a ag ca Chp a

c ag cuua a cca

aac UK, c a a

ca u cac.

w c a da ia, U a sk ak r&d u 1mw a Chp a aa

w c a a Chp a

ea taa fu.

. Minimise the use of remote offsite

energy generation in meeting zero

carbon standards

t u a ga

k qu G a

Csh 6 a , u

a a a a ug ac

cg a a , c

will benet mature technology already supported

ug ra oga. i

ga a a ag ca

a a u u c cu

u G jc ug

c cuag

cg a cag aaa cg cu xg .

lca ga cuag

cu C suaa h a

u c ac

a cu cg

diversication benets. CLG has said that it will

c aac ga a a

a a.

We recommend that CLG claries the rolea a a ca

ga x a,

a ca cuc

a a c

w c a ca ga cuag ZCh c a,

u a u a cau u a

cu

ca g k, a a g

aa a aac c a

a a cac

c

w c a u ga k a u g a

g ca u, a a g u u c

a ga u.

rca rAb



6/18


Frewr ..................................................................................................................1

Remmenatins frm RAB..............................................................................3

Exeutie summar ...............................................................................................7

Intrutin.......................................................................................................... 17

Mel esriptin............................................................................................... 18

ou ................................................................................................................ 18

iu ................................................................................................................. 19

d cc ................................................................................................ 19

New buil usin future prjetins ........................................................ 20

ra u ............................................................................................... 20

bak ug ........................................................................... 21

d z ............................................................................................... 22

Lw an er arbn mes ............................................................................ 25

eg a ...................................................................... 25

C uaa ............................................................................... 27

Z ca ............................................................................................ 27

Lw an er arbn tenlies ................................................................ 29

tcg cu .................................................................... 29

rcg cg uak ............................................................................ 30

ruc a ........................................................................................... 31

C au .............................................................................................. 32

Results an analsis .......................................................................................... 34

Baseline tenl uptakes........................................................................... 35

ba ca c ............................................................................. 35

tcg c a z ca a .......................................... 36

tcg uak ............................................................................................. 38

scg cg........................................................................................ 41

Uak cag ................................................................................... 44

mak z ......................................................................................................... 45

ba ua .............................................................................................. 46

Sensitiities.......................................................................................................... 48

C uaa 5 ga/aac g. .................... 49

Highefciencyhomes ........................................................................................ 52

Cu au ag c...........................................56

Cu au aug a ag ................................................. 59

G Co2

............................................................................................... 61

s ag a a ga cc .................................................... 65

n cg ............................................................................... 68

ba Chp aaa .................................................................................... 71

ha u Cop ac ..................................................................................... 74

paa g aac ................................................................................. 77

paa g ga cc ............................................................. 80

C

ThE RoLE oF oNSITE ENERgy gENERATIoN IN dELIvERINg zERo cARBoN hoMES


7/18


Ag 100% cc ............................................................... 83

Ag u-u aac a roC au, a ga cc ................. 87

s ua ............................................................................................ 90

mak z ......................................................................................... 92

Tenl suppl .............................................................................................. 94

Cu cga ak ....................................................................... 94iac C suaa h 2013 / 2016 .........................95

UK cg auacug u .......................................................... 97

Emplment impat ......................................................................................... 105

ia ............................................................................................ 105

maac .................................................................................... 107

sk aaa a ag ............................................................................. 108

Specicspecialistskil ls..................................................................................... 110

Te inustr perspetie ................................................................................111

ba uug u ................................................... 111

ba ca cg ...................................................... 114

t g u c. ......................................................... 115

cnlusins ........................................................................................................ 119

Generalndings ............................................................................................... 119

mak a cg ................................................................................... 120

rgua ........................................................................................................ 122

Cca u ........................................................................................... 123

APPENdIcES ................................................................................................. 125

A. Ax - Co2

ac. ................................................................. 125

b. Ax - ba u a c .......................................................... 127

C. Ax - hu u ............................................................................. 128

d. Ax - eg c .............................................................................. 129

e. Ax - ba ag c .............................................................. 130

f. Ax - tcg au ........................................................... 131

G. Ax - iaa ........................................................................ 161

h. Ax - l cu ....................................................................... 162

i. Ax - m c ...................................................................... 165

J. Ax - ru k a xc. ................................... 169

C

ThE RoLE oF oNSITE ENERgy gENERATIoN IN dELIvERINg zERo cARBoN hoMES


8/18


t da Cu a lca

G (ClG) a a a acg

ag a 2016 a u ug u

z ca g 6 ClG C

suaa h (Csh)1. t ac ug ug c ,

pa l bug gua

gaua g accg g

performance levels dened in the Code for

suaa h, a ua

C 6 g aa 2016. Csh

6 qu a a z ca

ag a g u a

.

t a au ga, a a

( a) gu z ca

xg UK a. t ca

g Csh 6 a ca a a

ambiguities around the denition. However,

a ca a c a

uaa u UK ac

g ga c.

t ra A ba (rAb) a

c a u a

g ga

G z ca

c (ZCh) . i a uc

e eg, kg eg

Saving Trust and RAB, with nancial support

berr.

1 C suaa h a cag uaa ug acc - ClG 2006

t ua ac

gua, a uu a ack

aac g a a agu

cga a u ug u

a a c-cc kc ga.

i. Industry dialoguei a u u

g au a k a

g cg, :

t ak k, aca : u u, acc,, cga u, a

a aca

da ca u-u a uug

aca

da ca ccga u a

p u rAbmcga gu

t cu a

ccu .

ii. Modelling approacht ua ac ga, a

c-cc cc k

ac ag

z ca gua a u.

excu ua



9/18


t uak a a xau

cg ca c a

aaa a ag

a g z ca. t

a a caac, ug c a c. t

c a u c c

u k c

a z ca ga. Ug

a ck , c a

xaa a aua uak

a a cg 2025. Au cac ua

the gure below.

Characterisenewbuildhousing to2025

Dwelling types

Development size

Urbanity

Tenure

Defineenergydemands

for eachdwelling

All energy demands

2 efficiencyscenarios

Lowand zero carbon

technologies

Performanceand cost

projections

Suitability for different

dwellingt ypes

Regulation requirements

CO2 targets

LimitationsApplicabletechnology

solutions

Cana setof

technologies be used?

Sizingof technologiestomeetlegislation

Assessmentof costsandperformance

Developer choice

Consumer decisions

basedon costandotherfactors.

INPUTS TECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT

CONSUMERCHOICE

32 dwellingt ypes

energydemands

RESULTS

Technologyuptake Cost

Numberofhomes not

meeting legislation

excu ua

fgu scac

uak .

A u

cca u a

au a

u a

a acg

gua acu ug a

u cg

ca. f

ac ua ,

a cu cc

cacua c

c cg

a k

u.



10/18


t a u uak

cg aaa a

ua gaca 2013, 2016, 2020 a

2025 accg a au

.

The main ndings from the modelling and

cua xc a cu .

iii. General fndings1. o g ga a

g jc

cug a uak xg cg

a gg cg ak

ug z ca

c. h, a a u

cca, gua a cca

cag acg g

ga.

2. t a aa ga

g u au u

ga, c ga ca,

u aa.

PV

Mediu

mBiom

ass C

HP

Low

H:P

Micro

CHP

Small

wind

Large B

iomass C

HP

Micro

Wind

Electric

Heating

SHW

LargeW

ind

Gas B

oiler

201

3

2016

2020

202

5

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Nu

mberofdwellingsaffected

Change in uptake over period 2013 - 2025

2013

2016

2020

2025

fgu Uak

10 cg

c

ca

a ca

au. t

u a u

a c

a cg

a.

excu ua



11/18

A report from the renewAbles Advisory boArd 10

3. o g ga k a

a aj u C 6

u ga ca a

50%. i UK cu u

ga g a 250,000 a 300,000 a a.

4. pa uak a

ac a u bug

Regulations, and modications to the Standard

A pcu (sAp) a C

suaa h (Csh), g g g

u a aa uc

a Chp a cu qu gauak x a cc

cg.

5. t a u a a

2016 Csh 6 c aa

ca a acua cag

auacu a a ga

qu cau

a . t a acua acu

caac u ac u

a cc cg c a

not currently expected to receive any signicant

ak ua 2016 u c

a a a ug a a a a.

6. na a a a cu

u a g,

a a a a a

a 50 g. lag ua x

a ga a 1000

cu a 10% a g u.

sac qu a k a

a aj ug

.

7. The ability to generate sufcient renewablecc c k ac

cac Csh 6. i k

Csh 6 12%

(36,000). t a ca

urban ats in developments of less than ten

g c ack ac a

cc gag cg. t g

c Csh

6 a, a qua 20kg Co2 dwelling, equivalent to 50W of PV per at. CSH

5 ca a .

8. sc ug gua a a u

a ug g

(a) a ug gua a 5

C a u ag gua g

6 ag , () a

a ga a cc.

mg ugg a ga

5% a g u qu a

a Csh 6 ga cc a

, 20 30% a g u a ga

cc a.

9. t ca ac u

c u aa

a u 2016, a c

a ug cag a. t

gg ug gua

2010 and 2013 do not contribute signicantly to

excu ua



12/18


ug caac a

cc u.

10. lk uu a ga

u cu UK u cg

a a Chp, a a c

cu xc ga u. t ca a

u a u u

g ga u a

ga cag ca

z ca c.

11. t ugg a cg

Csh 6 2016 ua uak pv a

a x a g

cg, ga a.

t a ca c ca

cc cg a aa g

c . f xa ag a a

a uaa c u

Co2

a a pv .

t z ca c g

ua uak cg a

aa uc c

ca ag .

iv. Markets and technology12. t ak g cg

2016 a ca ca 2.3

a a a 2007 c. t ugg

a c cu ga a ak

a a a -roCa a

cc ag a ak ca

ra oga. t gac a

ua a z ak

ac cg.

fgu mak z

ac cg

- u

a ca -

acg Csh 6

2016. t ga u

ak .

Annual cost of all Technologies in 2016

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

PV

Me

dium

Biomass

CHP

Low

H:P

Micro

CHP

Me

diu

mWind

Large

Biomass

CHP

Mic

roWind

Elec

tricHea

ting

SHW

Large

Wind

Ga

sBo

iler

Micro

Biomas

sBo

iler

HighH:P

Micro

CHP

Me

dium

Com

mun

ity

BiomassB

oiler

Commun

ity

Air

Source

HP

Communi

tyMicro

Biomass

Bo

iler

AirSource

HP

Groun

dSou

rce

HP

Medium

CHP

Large

Com

mun

ity

Biomass

Bo

iler

Lar

ge

CHP

Commun

ityGroun

d

Source

HP

Annualcost(millions)

excu ua



13/18


13. t g ugg a z

ca c

G jc accag

uak xg cg, u a cu

a jc g cg. t u ak

signicant economies of scale in manufacturing

which should be reected in lower costs for onsite

a cg a ua a ca

uak xg . t ac xg

homes has not been quantied.

14. tcg a a k xc

g uak a a ca a (Chp) a ac (pv) u

g a c

g ga a.

15. Biomass CHP is likely to be the rst

cg c a ,

g a, cau

a caa c a a

a a a u z ca

gua. t c ug a Chp

uc a a ca aggga

ac ac a a ag

, a ug ca

k a cca a a.

16. t g uak a Chp cca

cgca

u 1mw a. t ak u 1mw

a Chp cg cu

a a u au 2016

cgca a u caac ca

a c. ba Chp ca

cu cca au, ug -

cca a a ua.

17. ba Chp uak a

a u ac cug

aac cua ag

ug , cca g

aaa aag Chp a

a k, a au a a

qua ac a a

will not be a signicant constraint to its use in

ua aa.

excu ua



14/18


18. t jc aua uak a

Chp uaa ag a cu

u caac cg.

t a u a a a a

ugg a uaa qu

a UK u. t ga a

ua cu a ca ak

cg.

19. Z ca aa g uak

pv cau qu aa ac a

ca ga ac ug.

d g c pv cu a 70%

(200,000) 2016.

20. t ak pv cu

0.8 a a 2016, ga

a. i g a aac cc

use is permitted then PV could be signicantly

uc aug g

g c. t u pv u a

ba Chp -,

ug ag au a g u.

i au a a

ua ua.

21. Micro gas red combined heat and power

a a-- a a jc

a g uak ga cc a

a z ca ,

cau sAp cu c cc

generation with a carbon benet above that of

g cc. i sAp g

cag ga Chp uak gg.

nag gca u,

u ga a ga Chp k

fgu ba

a a

Chp aga cu

aa a ga

caac.

Biomass CHP MWe

Current global production capacity (MW) 10.0

Current UK production capacity (MW) 2.5

2016 baseline demand 216

2016 baseline net market value (millions) 716

0 50 100 150 200 250

Current global production

capacity (MW)

Current UK production

capacity (MW)

2016 baseline demand

excu ua



15/18


a g ua aa

z ca aa a . t

u ca c g cc

falling signicantly over the coming decades

cc u cagua a ca cg. A a

Chp, cg a

(a u c a Chp)

cu cca au. t a

signicant technical and market development

would be required for the technology to full its

a 2016.

22. ecc ag a au ag-ca a

cau c a c,

a au g g u 2025.

23. sa a ag (swh)

u Csh 6 cau a

g caa ca aa c. h,

a a a cg

u C 4 2013,

c sAp g. t a

u a u g a swh

u Csh 6 c au 2016.

24. t ugg a a u

aa a ua z ca

ga cau ca

a cc uc, c

a ca cac Csh 6. h, uak g

c a a aa cc ag

ag-ca a

uc a.

25. t z a ak

g cg a ak ac

specic technology are very sensitive to the

a c ga ac athe rate of technology development. Specic

ga a

cc a c, a

g c ga cc a

u ga. t a cgca

a

cg c a cca

au, a Chp (u c) a

u 1mw (u) a Chp. t

a ga ua

ak z uca

ga a cg .

excu ua



16/18


v. Regulation26. t c aa

2,700 cu ag k a a

UK 2016. t c c

k qu k a

a ag ag, ag a

u ag .

t a qu

cca eg sc Ca (esC)

c cu cuc

c ugg a ug

a a a g ga,

aucu a u u.

27. i ca a aa ug

c a a a

a gua z ca

aa a cca a

, c a g

c a c.

i ca a

, a ac

fgu Ga

g a,

u a u ag

ak z

ac cg, a

ua z

ca ga

2016.

Net value of markets in 2016

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

SH

W

MicroBiomassBoiler

CommunityMicroBiomassBoiler

MediumCommunityBiomas

s

Boiler

LargeCommunityBiomassBoiler

GroundSourceH

P

CommunityGroundSourceH

P

AirSourceH

P

CommunityAirSourceH

P

MicroWind

SmallWind

LargeWindPV

HighH:P

MicroCH

P

LowH:PMicroCH

P

MediumCH

P

LargeCH

P

MediumBiomassCH

P

LargeBiomassCH

P

Netvalue(millions)

excu ua



17/18


c u uc a ga a a

a a a ca ug

gua. t aca c a

l a

ug a a a a g aa ga c ug a

a a ca ca gua.

vi. Commercial issues28. t aa c cg

Csh 6 c

a 1,000 g a ag

development of rural ats that can use wind

, au 13,000 g aua a u a

u c Chp a pv. t aag c

cca 6,000 g a, u a

ag ua . t c

a g / Co2

ac C

a cu ug ac c, a

cac a.

29. t u xc

aa a

4,600 fu t equa (fte) u

a ca, c a a a

a 200,000

UK a cca g a

u. h, cu

cca a ug a cu a a

kck cquc z

ca gua. A aa 8,000 fte

a xc qu aa

g ga, cug 4,000

a Chp aac.

30. t cuc c accu

a u aa ug

uc. i k a u

renewables industry that can rst develop such

products that can be specied through existing

cu u a ak.

31. t a a aa ca x gg

a a aac

, ug u esC.

Cu uag

ca a esC a ,

a cca g.

32. t ca a ag ak

a g a g u

UK cu u a auacug

caac. w a a c

a 2016, a c a

ak a ca g ca

k. Cag a g

qu g a c ak ga

g .

excu ua



18/18

The work described in this report was carried out under contract to the Renewables Advisory Board:

Theviewsandjudgementsexpressedinthisreportarethoseofthecontractoranddonotnecessarilyreectthose of BERR or the Renewables Advisory Board.

www.renewables-advisory-board.org.uk

RAB (2007) 0177
http://www.renewables-advisory-board.org.uk/http://www.renewables-advisory-board.org.uk/

rab on site energy generation for zch_summary

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