raaz project report

8/4/2019 Raaz Project Report

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University Of Kota

Consumer Perception about

GSM & CDMAMobile Services in Kota city

DISSERATIONSubmitted to kota university In view of Sem-IV

(2009-2011)

(Master of Business Administration)

Presented by SupervisorPushp Raj Meena Dr.R.A. Gupta

(Student of M.B.A.) (Lecturer in Govt,Commerce

College,Kota)

Department of Commerce & Management

(University of Kota)


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COMMERCE AND MANAGMENT DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF KOTA,(KOTA)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that dissertation entitled Consumer Perception

about GSM & CDMA Mobile Services in Kota city. Is theoriginal work done by Mr Pushp Raj Meena, regular student of

M.B.A. University of Kota, Kota under my supervision and is being

submitted in lieu of Sem-IV (M.B.A.)

I have examined this paper and it fulfils the entire requirement for theaward do the degree of Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.)

from University Of Kota,Kota.

Date: SUPERVISED BY

Place: Kota ( Dr. R.A. Gupta )


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If words are considered to be the signs of gratitude then let

these words convey the very same My sincere gratitude to

GSM & CDMA mobile services for giving me necessary

directions on doing this project to the best of my abilities.

I also thankDr. R.A. Gupta Lecturer of Govt. Commerce

College. Kota who has sincerely supported me with the

valuable insight into the completion of this dissertation.

I am grateful to all faculty members of Master of BusinessAdministration, University of Kota, Kota who have helped me

directly or indirectly in the successful completion of this

dissertation.

Last but not the least I duly recognize my sincere appreciationfor all my classmates & my friends, who helped me a lot to

complete this work

And no words to thank the Almighty for the profuse blessing.

(PUSH RAJ MEENA)


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Introduction

Before deciding which technology is superior, let's talk a little

more about these two tecnologies:

y CDMA: stands for Code Division Multiple Access. Bothdata and voice are separated from signals using codes

and then transmited using a wide frequency

range. Because of this, there are more space left

for data transfer (this was one of the reasons why CDMA

is the prefered technology for the 3G generation, which

isbroadband access and the use of big

multimedia messages). 14% of the worldwide market

goes to CDMA. For the 3G generation CDMA uses 1x

EV-DO and EV-DV. It has a lot of users in Asia,

specially in South Korea.

y GSM: stands for Global System Mobile. Even though itis sold as "the latest technology" in several countries, this

technology is older than CDMA (and also TDMA). But

keep in mind that this doesn't mean that GSM is inferior

or worse than CDMA. Roaming readiness and fraud

prevention are two major advantages from this

technology. GSM is the most used cell phone technology

in the world, with 73% of the worldwide market. It has a

very strong presence in Europe.

TDMA technology is the less used from the three main digital

technologies (GSM, CDMA and TDMA) and we think it will


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gradually be replaced to CDMA or GSM. That's why the

GSM vs CDMA war. At one corner, GSM operators say it is

better "because it uses a SIM chip, it is the most used

technology worldwide, it is more secure and it is more

advanced". On the other corner, CDMA followers say it is

better "because it is the 3G generation chosen technology and

GSM will migrate to CDMA since CDMA is more

advanced..."

But which one of these statements are correct? Acordingly to

Nokia, "this discussion is not about technology anymore, but

about market". We think this is the best way to describe the

war between these two cell phone technologies.

In the beginning, GSM was in fact superior. It had more

services and allowed more data transfer. But CDMA, facing

the advantages of the competitor standard, soon delivered the

same features found on GSM. Nowadays, it is not possible to

say that GSM services are better than CDMA. Multimedia

messages, video, high-speed Internet access, digital camera

and even PDA function are some of the features we can foundon both technologies. The new CDMA 1XRTT technology,

which previews what G3 cell phones will bring, is more

advanced than EDGE, technology from the beginning of 3G

generation, allowing higher transfer rates.

Even the GSM SIM card advantage, that allows you to change

your cell phone and keep your phone list, is being surplaced

by some CDMA operators with a service that allows you tostore your phone book on the operator's database , allowingyou to recover your phone book even if your cell phone is

stolen (which is not possible with GSM, since if your cell

phone is stolen, your SIM card will be stolen together). Notice

that recently a new accessory called SIM backup was


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released, which allows you to backup the data stored in your

SIM card. Also some GSM operators are offering a similar

backup service.

So, nowadays both technologies are equiparated intechnology, but this picture won't be like that in the future.

Afterall, CDMA evolution ground is wider and in a few years

it will be superior than GSM. This means that GSM operators

will disapear? Not at all. They will migrate over CDMA and

the war will continue, because the existing CDMA operators

chose to use 1xEV-DO and1XEV-DV technologies for their

3G network and the existing GSM operators have opted for a

different technology, called WCDMA. Also, even though thecurrent GSM operators will migrate to WCDMA, they still

can use their existing GSM network. So users won't feel

anything special when the operators shift to the new cell

generation (3G), independently from the technology they

choose.


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Cell Phone Network Technologies: 2G

There are three common technologies used by 2G cell-phonenetworks for transmitting information (we'll discuss 3G

technologies in the 3G section):

y Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)y Time division multiple access (TDMA)y Code division multiple access (CDMA)

Although these technologies sound very intimidating, you can

get a good sense of how they work just by breaking down thetitle of each one.

The first word tells you what the access method is. The

second word, division, lets you know that it splits calls based

on that access method.


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y FDMA puts each call on a separate frequency.y TDMA assigns each call a certain portion oftime on a

designated frequency.

y CDMA gives a unique code to each call and spreads itover the available frequencies.

The last part of each name is multiple access. This simply

means that more than one user can utilize each cell.

FDMA

FDMA separates the spectrum into distinct voice channels by

splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth. To better

understand FDMA, think of radio stations: Each station sendsits signal at a different frequency within the available band.

FDMA is used mainly foranalog transmission. While it is

certainly capable of carrying digital information, FDMA is

not considered to be an efficient method for digital

transmission.

In FDMA, each phone uses a different frequency.


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TDMATDMA is the access method used by the Electronics Industry

Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association

forInterim Standard 54 (IS-54) and Interim Standard 136

(IS-136). Using TDMA, a narrow band that is 30 kHz wideand 6.7 milliseconds long is split time-wise into three time

slots.

Narrow band means "channels" in the traditional sense. Each

conversation gets the radio for one-third of the time. This is

possible because voice data that has been converted to digital

information is compressed so that it takes up significantly less

transmission space. Therefore, TDMA has three times thecapacity of an analog system using the same number of

channels. TDMA systems operate in either the 800-MHz (IS-

54) or1900-MHz (IS-136) frequency bands.

TDMA splits a frequency into timeslots.


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Unlocking Your GSM Phone

Any GSM phone can work with any SIM card, but some

service providers "lock" the phone so that it will only work

with their service. If your phone is locked, you can't use it

with any other service provider, whether locally or overseas.You can unlock the phone using a special code -- but it's

unlikely your service provider will give it to you. There are

Web sites that will give you the unlock code, some for a smallfee, some for free.

GSM

TDMA is also used as the access technology forGlobal

System for Mobile communications (GSM). However, GSMimplements TDMA in a somewhat different and incompatible

way from IS-136. Think of GSM and IS-136 as two differentoperating systems that work on the sameprocessor, like

Windows and Linux both working on an Intel Pentium III.

GSM systems use encryption to make phone calls more

secure. GSM operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands

in Europe and Asia and in the 850-MHz and 1900-MHz

(sometimes referred to as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States.

It is used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems. GSM is

also the basis forIntegrated Digital Enhanced Network

(IDEN), a popular system introduced by Motorola and used

byNextel.

GSM is the international standard in Europe, Australia and

much of Asia and Africa. In covered areas, cell-phone users

can buy one phone that will work anywhere where thestandard is supported. To connect to the specific service

providers in these different countries, GSM users simply

switch subscriber identification module (SIM) cards. SIM

cards are small removable disks that slip in and out of GSM

cell phones. They store all the connection data and


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identification numbers you need to access a particular wireless

service provider.

Unfortunately, the 850MHz/1900-MHz GSM phones used in

the United States are not compatible with the internationalsystem. If you live in the United States and need to have cell-

phone access when you're overseas, you can either buy a tri-

band or quad-band GSM phone and use it both at home and

when traveling or just buy a GSM 900MHz/1800MHz cell

phone for traveling. You can get 900MHz/1800MHz GSM

phones from Planet Omni, an online electronics firm based in

California. They offer a wide selection ofNokia, Motorola

and Ericsson GSM phones. They don't sell international SIMcards, however. You can pick up prepaid SIM cards for a

wide range of countries at Telestial.com.

CDMACDMA takes an entirely different approach from TDMA.

CDMA, after digitizing data, spreads it out over the entireavailable bandwidth. Multiple calls are overlaid on each other

on the channel, with each assigned a unique sequence code.CDMA is a form ofspread spectrum, which simply means

that data is sent in small pieces over a number of the discrete

frequencies available for use at any time in the specified

range.


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In CDMA, each phone's data has a

unique code.All of the users transmit in the same wide-band chunk of

spectrum. Each user's signal is spread over the entire

bandwidth by a unique spreading code. At the receiver, thatsame unique code is used to recover the signal. Because

CDMA systems need to put an accurate time-stamp on each

piece of a signal, it references the GPS system for this

information. Between eight and 10 separate calls can be

carried in the same channel space as one analog AMPS call.

CDMA technology is the basis forInterim Standard 95 (IS-

95) and operates in both the 800-MHz and 1900-MHz

frequency bands.

Ideally, TDMA and CDMA are transparent to each other. In

practice, high-power CDMA signals raise the noise floor for

TDMA receivers, and high-power TDMA signals can cause

overloading and jamming of CDMA receivers.


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2G is a cell phone network protocol. Click here to learn about

network protocols for Smartphones.

Now let's look at the distinction between multiple-band and

multiple-mode technologies.

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