r05411001 analytical instrumentation

Code No: R05411001 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION

(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. What are the applications of pH analyzer and Conductivity meter? Explain withexamples. [16]

2. (a) With a neat sketch explain the analysis of Nitric Oxide using CO Laser.

(b) Discuss Laser-Opto Acoustic Detector for the detection of nitric oxides. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the techniques used in the sampling of solids in a Chromatograph.

(b) Write short notes on

i. Adsorption Chromatography

ii. Partition Chromatography

iii. Solvents used for mobile phase. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the Sampling System for Paramagnetic Analyzers.

(b) Explain the method for Oxygen analysis based on Nernst Equation. [8+8]

5. Write short notes on

(a) Diode array detector.

(b) Photomultiplier.

(c) Solid state photodetector

(d) Thermal detector. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Distinguish between are sources and spark sources

(b) Write short notes on charge injection devices. [8+8]

7. Discuss in detail the various salient features of the detectors used in mass Spec-trometers. [16]

8. (a) Discuss the variation of count rate with voltage using suitable counter.

(b) What is the dead time of the counter? Explain. [10+6]

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1. Draw and explain Digital pH meters. [16]

2. (a) What are the applications of IR gas analyzer? Briefly discuss any one of them.

(b) Name an analyzer for detecting Hydrocarbons and explain it. [8+8]

3. Give in detail the classifications of Chromatography. Briefly explain Liquid Chro-matography. [16]

4. (a) Draw and explain OXYMAT-M Oxygen analyzer.

(b) With a neat characteristic curve explain Polarographic Cell. [8+8]

5. (a) What is non dispersive absorption type IR technique briefly explain.

(b) By way of a schematic explain the operation of non-dispersive dual channelabsorption technique of IR spectrophotometer. [8+8]

6. Describe the basic design difference between a spectrometer for absorption mea-surements and emission studies. [16]

7. Explain in detail the construction and working principle of single focusing massspectrometer. [16]

8. (a) What is a scintillator? Give examples and discuss the salient features ofscintillation counter.

(b) Explain in detail with a neat diagram the construction and working principleof scintillation counter. [6+10]

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1. (a) Define each of the following:

i. Absorption

ii. Emission

iii. Transmission

iv. Refraction.

(b) What are the different physical properties used in the analytical instruments?Define them and give example instrument of each. [2+2+2+2+8]

2. (a) Write short notes on

i. Classification of gas analyzers

ii. Applications of gas analysers with examples.

(b) Explain the principle of operation of Thermal Conductivity analyzer used forthe estimation of components such as CO, CO2 etc. [8+8]

3. (a) Draw the circuit of Amplifier circuit used with Chromatograph and explain.

(b) Draw and explain the differential Flame Ionization Detector. [8+8]

4. What do you mean by Dissolved Oxygen? Name and explain a method to measureit. [16]

5. (a) Explain in detail with necessary diagram the Echellette grating.

(b) Write short notes on holographic gratings. [8+8]

6. Explain in detail with schematic, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [16]

7. (a) Define sensitivity of an instrument and discuss the various operation tech-niques for sensitivity enhancement.

(b) Compare the conventional NMR and the Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy.

(c) Explain about the relaxation process in NMR spectroscopy. [8+4+4]

8. (a) Explain in detail the interaction of radiation with matter.

(b) Discuss the types and properties of particles emitted in radioactive decay.[8+8]

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1. (a) Define each of the following:

i. Absorption

ii. Emission

iii. Transmission

iv. Refraction.

(b) What are the different physical properties used in the analytical instruments?Define them and give example instrument of each. [2+2+2+2+8]

2. (a) With a neat sketch explain the analysis of Nitric Oxide using CO Laser.

(b) Discuss Laser-Opto Acoustic Detector for the detection of nitric oxides. [8+8]

3. (a) Define

i. Adsorption

ii. Absorption

iii. Ion Exchange Chromatography.

(b) What do you mean by Chromatogram? Draw a typical Chromatogram andexplain the different terms in it. [2+2+4+8]

4. (a) Draw and explain OXYMAT-M Oxygen analyzer.

(b) With a neat characteristic curve explain Polarographic Cell. [8+8]

5. Discuss the various arrangements used for recording the infrared spectra. [16]

6. (a) Explain in detail the neubuliser or atomizer in flame photometer.

(b) Write short notes on plasma excitation sources. [8+8]

7. State the principle of NMR. With neat diagram, explain about the constructionaldetails and working of a NMR spectrometer. [16]

8. (a) Describe the constructional details and applications of a proportional counterwith a neat sketch.

(b) Discuss about the dead time of the GM counter.

(c) Write short notes on the Geiger range. [8+4+4]

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r05411001 analytical instrumentation

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