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Honorable J. Leo Rankin General Counsel ¶ho President's Commission 200 Maryland Avenue, Northeast Washington, D. C. 20002

1 - Mr. Conrad - Encl.

1 - Mr. Belmont - Encl. 1 - Mr. Rosen - Encl. - 1 - Hr. Sullivan - 1 - Mr. Malley - Encl.

February 18, 1064

Dy Courier Service

Dear Mr. Rankin:

Your letter of February 12, 1964, has boon

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FEB 24 191 ..../..._. I•

u... Enclosure

Cro Wrie

• NOTE: This matter was discussor:ix1ly with Mr. David Dalin w

Cons"' .- . of the Commission to findtbOi. specifically what was wanted, —' p

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mww47--- APCO the 111\11 g 11- not clear. Bolin indicated that the

eVOIN , , lonunission thy! 'icNt>1 tkahlant testimony in regard to the); Cols 11...«._ 1 firearms evidence and desired the requested information'f4r —.—

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Attached hereto is a detailed desdriptiopo0 ... the procedure involved in comparing and in identifylngl 1 .tho firearms evidence in this matter. In accordance . 'with,your request, this description has boon provee3 r)

it alon'g the linos of testimony as given to a lay jur&o r?, I. ...... II .1

..7 If you deniro, a firearms identification y'4 0 ce.4

specialist can be made available to appear before tileszA .0° Commission to toutify concerning his findings. ,,if.`e:" l'tk

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1:,N CM: ui: If: /MACAW Sincerely yours, 4,' , ,. e• "

I Edgar iwOilii 4.,/ ;4 • Za. V:

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received, /.., ...

BY COuilit:14 SYC.

0 3 FL 13 1 b 1 COMM • FBI

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. The identification of the bullet and the two portions of bullet jacket is

based on a comparison of microscopic marks left on these specimens with.',„ '1.1" •

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microscopic marks left on test bullets fired from Oswald's rifle. The . *.:.: ' .1!

-' • microscopic marks are the result of the bullet scraping over the inside of . •: . -,....?....

the barrej of the rifle when it is fired. , The marks In the barrel originate SS

t "the result of manufacturing processes and as a result of changes in these .4+ 1-11, ,•.

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manufacturers' marks through subsequent use of the weapon and from corrosion • ''t.t: .1., , 1 .• 1 1

I of the barrel. In general, when a gun barrel is made, it is bored and reamed, -.

This operation produces circular microscopic marks on the inside of the : . ' 1 • ' .

barrel. Spiral grooves or rifling grooves are then cut or pressed into the

., ,. barrel, removing some of the circular scratches and in turn leaving minute

.'-.i• scratches from the cutting edge or surfaces of the rifling tool. Because of the

manner in which the barrel is made, the pattern of scratches in each barrel .• , .,.• .. . •.,

.. manufactured will be different. Experience has shown that no two barrels, '..1 . ,- ' . • - • t.

even consecutive barrels made on the same machine, will produce the Barna .....,,

. „

Intricate pattern of microscopic marks on the surfaces of bullets fired through

hem. The marks themselves are not subject to verbal description because

fof their nature. Further, idettifications are based on orientation of the marks

. Is well as on their shape and size rather than on the number of marks present.

.;_ir...,,,,.•connection with the assassination of .President Kennedy possessed microscopiC .', 4'

bullets were comparable, a comparison microscope was used. This ,

microscope is so constructed that the fields of view from two microscope • 7/:

are optically brought together so that the firearms examiner can pee the I surfaces of two different objects at the same time side 1)y side. In this ,way

surfaces of two bullets can be directly compared. . the magnified

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The bullet fragment, C3, was placed on tho left side of the comparison

microscope and a test bullet which had been fired from the gun, C 14, into a

cotton-filled box to protect any barrel markings left on it, was placed on the

right side of the microscope. Whether or not two bullets were fired from the

• same barrel can be determined only as the result of a microscopic comparison

A!, such as described above by a firearms identification specialist trained in this .

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typo of Laboratory examination.' la this case, independent examinations by .

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he bullet, Cl, and two portions of bullet jacket, C2 and C3, l'ecovered in •

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".0 marks comparable to those on toct bullets obtained from Oswald's rifle. To , .• , •

T. 7. determine whether or lick the microscopic marks on the evidence and test - ,* •

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4. e ;At44'. 4 4 '4* a 1 . ' pinalar microscopic examinations were made in which specimens ..' .

• JO • several of the top firearms identification specialists in the F131 Laboratory ' ''...- ' . resulted in identical, independent conclusions that the bullet fragment, C3,

was fired from Osivalcl'e rife. .h4.- . * • .

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1.,!..)..-..' Cl and C2 wore compared with test bullets obtained from Oswald's rifle. .4 v... ,

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'..;.. a result of these examinations, it was concluded that specimens Cl and CS. :.*. ' • ,,..•.'

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were also fired from Oswald's rifle. Enclosed are photographs showing some of the microscopic marks appearing on the Cl, C2 and C3 bullet evidence and

t some of the marks appearing on a test bullet obtained from the C14 rifle. • : I These photographs in no way entered into the concludes reached by the • '...!,-.. firearms identification specialists but aro enclosed merely for demonstrating*, •,,,, ,.. ..,,..:,iz

the character of the marks present on the specimens,:. „ '1•:... e',,•!•. 4%, .„ ',..4.,,:i.'t 'e• :" 1 . '

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.. 1!Pi.-: .- The identificatton of cartridge cases as having been fired in a 1 particular weapon is based on the examination of marks left on cartridge

. cases by the breech face or bolt and by the firing pin of the weapon. The i - 4

:5;,;;;1': Is shaped in manufa.cture by filing, machining or polishing or by subsequent ."; .

'". "4 t wear and corroelon cf these parts. It has been found that no two firing pins • ' .

...i,i,:)g i on two bolt or breech faces bear the same microscopic marks even though ,

Pr, • consecutively manufactured. Fach cartridge fired in a particular weapon •-•:.- ,,.will be marked in such a way that it may bo possible to identify the cartridge

The three 6.5 mm,cartridge cases, CO, C7 and C39, recovered ix the Texas School Book Depository Building were compared with test cartridge cases fired in Ouwald'a rifle. The comparisons were made by placing the three cartridge caees, C6, C7 and C38, individually on the left side of the comparison microscope and a test cartridge case obtained iron Cswald'e rifle, CI=1, on the rie.ht side cf the comparison microscope, The, magnified Images of the breech taco marks and firing phi marks on r%s*

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spf specimens C6, C7 and 038 were compared with the marks on the teat : tto

,41 :e ; cartridge case, It was concluded as a result of those comparisons that •

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marks on the weapon arc impreceed into the head of the cartridge duo to . • .• : the pressure of the explosion which forces the cartridge case to the rear.

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: 7. These marks originated in the weapon during the manufacture when the face , 1 '- .. • ,a..:, of the breech or bolt Is formed by machining or filing and when the firing pin .1 ',-.

. „' Cue with the weapon in which It was fired.

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specimens CO, C7 and C38 were fired in Oswald's rifle. Again in this 4.'''''t.''.4"4..'4 '

instance the identifying marks are net subject to verbal description because

of their nature, orientation, shape and size. Whether or not two cartridge .

f.:....• ,... cases were fired in the sanle weapon can only be determined as the resift

of a microscopic comparison of the marks by firearms identification .r. 7_, :.,; , .ty.. )‘....,,, ■

•!4' .14 t d ^ specialists trained in this type of Laboratory examination.' , Enclosed iSiv:. ;:i.*.- , .. ,.,, :...." t- • photograph showing some of the breech face marks appearing on specimen' ,. ;. 0.-

C6 and some of the marks appearing on Ian test cartridge case from the •

rifle, C14. Thin photograph in no way entered into the concluslowreached

by the firearms identilication speci2J.Ista but is enclosed merely for

' demonstrating the character of the inlarks present on the specimens. . . a a

,.i.... , ,,,,,.., , • ..;),......s • • . • ' Similarly,, the four .38 Special cartridge cases, C47, C48, C49

.. '; ..• - • and C50, were microscopically compared In the same manner as described '

,.:1.4.: ' .'s. above with test cartridge cases fired in Oswald's revolver, C15. As the ''...`. , : : ' • . # 4 result of those microscopic comparisons, specimens C47, C48, C49 and

C50 were Identified as having been fired in Oswald's revolver, C15.

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Enclosed for illustrative purposes only is a photograph showing

a portion of the breech face marks present on specimen C48 awl on t:S4

test cartridge caeo,frona C15.. This photograph in no way entered into the

conclusion reached by the firearms identification specialists but Is

enclosed merely for demonstrating the character of the marks present on

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