Quotation Marks and Underlining

By Ellyn Ball and Lilly Jenkins

Quotation Marks and Underlining

• When you write research papers or essays, you may sometimes wish to use exact words from a book to support your own ideas. When you write fiction, you may sometimes want your characters to speak in their own words to make the story more vivid and interesting.

• Quotation marks identify the exact spoken or written words of others that you are including in your writing. The punctuation marks are used in all kinds of writing.

• Before you can use quotation marks correctly, you must first be able to tell the difference between direct and indirect quotations.

Quotation Marks and Underlining

• A direct quotation represents a person’s exact speech or thoughts and is enclosed in quotation marks.

• Example: Janie said, “ Tomorrow we are going hiking.” “I hope we do not see any wild animals,” thought Martin.

• Indirect quotes do not repeat the exact words a person said or thought. Instead, an indirect quotation paraphrases, or explains, what someone said or thought.

• Example: Janie said that we should go hiking tomorrow. Martin hoped they would not see any wild animals.

Direct Quotations With Introductory, Concluding and Interrupting Expressions.

• Quotations are generally accompanied by expressions such as he said or she replied.

• Expressions of this kind can introduce, conclude, or interrupt the quoted material.

• The following rule describes how to punctuate quotation marks with expressions that come before the direct quotation, after the direct quotation or in the middle of the direct quotation.

Direct Quotations With Introductory Expressions

• When an introductory expression precedes a direct quotation, place a comma after the introductory expression and write the quotation as a full sentence.

• Examples:

• Tim told his friends, “ I had a great time at band camp.”

• Jenny added, “We went on trips to the zoo and to a wildlife park.”

Direct Quotations With Concluding Expressions

• When a concluding expression follows a direct quotation, write the quotation as a full sentence ending with a comma, question mark, or exclamation mark inside the closing quotation mark, Then, write the concluding expression.

• Because concluding expressions are not complete sentences, they do not begin with capital letters.

• Notice also that the closing quotations marks are always placed outside the punctuation at the end of a direct quotation.

• Examples: “I think you would have fun at our camp,” Timothy said.

• “What activities does the camp offer?” inquired Jill.

• “It’s everything anyone would want!” exclaimed Jenny enthusiastically.

Direct Quotations With Interrupting Expressions.

• When a one-sentence direct quotation is separated by an interrupting expression, end the first part of the direct quotation with a comma and a quotation mark. Place a comma after the interrupting expression. Then, use a new set of quotation marks to enclose the rest of the quotation. Notice the following details in the examples below;

• 1. The comma inside the quotation mark at the end of the first part of the quotation.

• 2. The small letter at the beginning of the interrupting expression.

• 3. The comma inserted after the interrupting expression• 4. The small letter at the beginning of the second part of the

quotation • 5. The end mark inside the last quotation mark.

Direct Quotations With Interrupting Expressions.

• Examples: “Since camp is located on a lake,” explained Jenny, “we can go swimming and boating and water skiing.”

• “Do you think,” interrupted Kim, “that I could learn to water ski?”

• Sometimes a quotation is made up of two sentences, with a complete sentence on each side of the interrupting expression. A final rule is needed for this situation.

• When two complete sentences in a direct quotation are separated by an interrupting expression,

• end the first quoted sentence with a comma, question mark or exclamation mark.

• Next, place a period after the interrupter

• Then, write the second quoted sentence as a full quotation

Examples: “We practically came face to face with a grizzly bear on our hike in Alaska,” said Juan. “It was exciting and scary at the same time.”

Quotation Marks With Other Punctuation Marks

• You may sometimes find it hard to decide whether another punctuation mark should go inside or outside the quotation marks. If you study the three rules and the examples that follow, you should be able to make the decisions correctly.

• Always place a comma or a period inside the final quotation mark.

• Examples: “We saw a puma today,” Uncle Joe said.

• He added, “It was standing on a high rock.”

Quotation Marks With Other Punctuation Marks

• Place a question mark or an exclamation mark inside the final quotation mark if the end mark is part of the quotation.

• Notice that the following sentences themselves are declarative.

• Example: Jane ask, “Have you seen the fox anywhere?”

• Her sister exclaimed, “No and I don’t want to!”

• Remember that is not necessary to use to end marks.

• Example: George thought, “Where are we going?”. (incorrect)

• George though, “Where are we going?” (correct)

• Place a question mark or an exclamation mark outside the final quotation if the end mark is part of the entire sentence and not part of the quotation.

• Example: Don’t ever say “I can’t”!

• Why did you say, “I prefer cats to dogs”?

Quotations Marks for Dialogue

• A conversation between two or more people is called a dialogue.• When writing a dialogue, begin a new paragraph with each change

of speaker.• In the following example of dialogue, capitalization and

punctuation are used as they would be for any quotations. • Remember, however, to indent whenever a new speaker talks. • Example:• “Why don’t we go to San Diego for a vacation?” Grandfather

asked. • Surprised, Danny replied, “Why do you want to go to San

Diego? Let’s go somewhere else. I’d like to visit an interesting zoo or wildlife park.”

• “You cannot be serious!” exclaimed Grandfather.

Underlining and Other Uses for Quotation Marks

• Certain titles and names should be underlined in your writing. Other titles should be enclosed in quotation marks. Quotation marks are used in all types of writing and printing.

• Underlining, however, is used only for handwritten or typed materials. Printed material uses italics instead of underlining.

• Examples: Underlining: The Hobbit

• Italics: The Hobbit

• Underlining long written works that make up several parts should be underlined whenever they are written or typed. For example, the title of a book should be underlined.

Underlining and Other Uses for Quotation Marks

• Underline titles of long written works and titles of publications that are published as a single work.

Written work Titles that are Underlined

Title of a BookTitle of a PlayTitle of a Long PoemTitle of a MagazineTitle of a Newspaper

Black Beauty What Price Glory?The WastelandPopular Mechanicsthe Miami Heraldthe Chicago Tribune

Underlining and Other Uses for Quotation Marks

• Underline the titles of movies, television and radio series and works of art and music.

Artistic Work Titles that are Underlined

Title of a MovieTitle of a Television SeriesTitle of a Long Musical WorkTitle of a record AlbumTitle of a paintingTitle of a Sculpture

Revenge of the Pink PantherHow I Met Your MotherThe Magic FluteLong Distance VoyagerThe Passage of DelawareBird in Space

Underlining and Other Uses for Quotation Marks

• Underline the names of individual air, sea, space, and land craft.

• Air: the Hindenburg (zeppelin)

• Sea: the Titanic (ship)

• Space: Voyager 2 (spaceship)

• Land: the Southwest Limited (train)

• The titles of short written works and works that are part of longer works are generally enclosed in quotation marks.

Underlining and Other Uses for Quotation Marks

• Use quotation marks around the titles of short written works. Use quotation marks around titles of episodes in a series, song, and parts of a long musical composition.

• Written and Artistic Work Titles that Take Quotation Marks

Title of a Short StoryChapter from a BookTitle of a Short PoemTitle of an ArticleTitle of an EpisodeTitle of a SongTitle of a Part of a Long Musical Work

“The Richer, The Poorer”“ Using Pronouns” from the Today’s Grammar“The Concord Hymn”“ Windmills: Alternative Energy“look at Me” from Three and Half Men

“Down, Down, Down”“ The Storm” from the William Tell Overture

Quick Check

• Jot Thoughts (pg. 6.28)

• How many examples of Underlining and Quotation Marks (giving examples with your answer) for Other Uses( books, movies, stories etc..)

You Do

On the left side of your interactive notebook, list one of each kind of Underlining and Quotation Marks learned today (do not use any examples given today). Make sure to illustrate and color code.