Quiz

What are the 3 main components of soil?

Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.

Define leaching. How is it related to acidification?

SustainabilityGrade 9 Environmental Science

Plant Needs

Sunlight Water Soil (nutrients)

Air (carbon dioxide)

Plant Uses

Oxygen Food Store and clean water

Protect soil from erosion

Fire/Fuel

Materials Clothes Home/Shelter (building)

Medicine

Plant Ecology

Roots

Stem/Stalk

Leaves

Other: flowers, fruits, seeds.

Roots

Anchor.

Absorb water and nutrients.

Stem/Stalk

Moves food and water to all parts of the plant.

Support/structure.

Leaves

Photosynthesis.

Other Flowers – reproductive organs.

Fruits – ovaries of flowering plants which contain seeds.

Seeds – single unit of reproduction – embryonic plant.

Types

Angiosperms – flowering plants. Ex. Lily.

Gymnosperms – non-flowering plants. Ex. Pine tree.

Non-seed bearing plants include mosses and ferns. Both still

produce sexually through spores.

Plants can also reproduce asexually. Ex. grafting.

Problems - Invasive Species

An organism that is not native to a specific location that has been

introduced from another environment.

Tends to take over the new environment and cause problems for the native

plant and animal life. Ex. competition for resources.

Usually introduced by humans, but can continue to spread naturally.

¼ all plants in Canada are invasive species.

In Canada, $7.5 billion is lost each year due to forest and agricultural pests.

Invasive Species Facts First invasive species into North America came with European

settlers.

Today, invasive species to North America come from all over the

world by land, air, and sea.

Can be on purpose, ex. ornamental plants – purple loosestrife.

Can be by accident, ex. hidden seeds – leafy spurge.

Invasive Species Facts

Not all introduced species become invasive.

Most of the domestic crops we are familiar with are introduced species

that are not harmful. Ex. wheat.

When introduced species do not have any natural predators or

diseases in their new environment they have a competitive advantage

and can overtake the native species. This is when they become

invasive.

Invasive Plant Species in Manitoba

http://invasivespeciesmanitoba.com/site/index.php?page=t

errestrial-species#Category%201

Invasive Species Management

Prevent initial introduction of the invasive species.

Need to have a system of early detection and rapid response

(public reporting, education, weed supervisors).

Eradication (pulling, spraying, bio controls – introduce

predators).

Dutch Elm Disease First found in North America in 1930.

Introduced in logs from Europe.

A fungus that is spread by beetles,

which affects elm trees.

First see symptoms such as yellowing,

wilting, and curling of leaves.

Will eventually kill the entire tree.

Management of Dutch Elm Disease Sticky tree bands trap adult cankerworms, which lay their eggs on elm trees.

When cankerworms eat the foliage, it weakens the tree, making it more

attractive to elm bark beetles.

Cut down infected trees immediately (city employees – orange marks).

Properly dispose of elm firewood – buried.

Assignment

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/city-of-winnipeg-axes-trees-program-to-fight-dutch-elm-disease-1.2997775

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/assiniboine-park-s-grandma-elm-diseased-cut-down-1.2713865

Read both of the articles and watch both of the videos and write a page about the pros and cons of the removal of infected Dutch elm diseased trees and how they relate to the three sections of sustainability we have discussed – environment, society, and the economy.