qualitative research data analysis mary jean ronan herzog ann alexander western carolina university...
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Qualitative Research Data Analysis
Mary Jean Ronan HerzogAnn Alexander
Western Carolina University Educational Leadership & Foundations
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning DayWaynesville Country Club
February 21, [email protected]
The Qualitative Research Continuum
Reductive ………………….. Holisitic
Structured ………………….Intuitive
Data
• Interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires
• Transcriptions of open-ended interviews or questions
• Fieldnotes and drawings• Observations
• Audiovisual materials
• Notes about documents or scanned documents
• Documents, portfolios, journals
• Pictures, photographs, videotapes, objects, sounds
Form of Data Collection Type of Data
Step 1: Collect Good Data
• Tape record and transcribe interviews
• Take fieldnotes during interviews and observations
• Fieldnotes include both observations and impressions
• Take or draw pictures during observations
• Keep a journal and/or log during the research study.
Levels of Analysis
• Whole – Parts – Whole– Data Reduction– Data Synthesis– Data Display– Conclusion Drawing/Verification
• Case Analysis• Cross Case Analysis
Analysis is an Iterative Process
That occurs
• During data collection process
• Immediately after an interview or site visit
• Simultaneously
• Continues till the end of the project
Constant Comparison Method
Recursive process of:• Comprehension• Interpretation• Deconstruction• Synthesis
Glaser & Strauss, 1967
Basic Steps in Analysis
• Read and reread raw data • Listen and listen again to the interviews, videos,
etc.• Watch and watch again the videos, photos,
documents, etc.
Ask: What Jumps Out at You?
Look/listen for
– Issues– Recurring events– Repetition– Significant statements
Manual Analysis
• Write margin notes• Write memos• Cut text into individual segments • Color code• Sort into discreet units• Group commonalities (within and across cases)
Intuitive Dimensions
Develop:– Hunches – Hypotheses– Codes– Categories – Conclusions– Summaries
Qualitative Findings
• Themes• Patterns • Concepts • Insights • Understandings
Patton, 2002, p. 5
Accuracy of Findings
• Referential Adequacy• Triangulation• Member checking• External audit
Creswell (2005); Lincoln & Guba, (1985)
Representing Findings
• Text • Direct quotes• Comparison table or matrix• Hierarchical tree diagram• Figures and flowcharts• Maps
Creswell (2005)