World History Grade 10

Q 4 W4 C1The English Civil War andThe Glorious Revolution

Section objectives1- Understand the basics of English civil war and how revolution in England brought England closer to democracy with a constitutional Monarchy

2-Understand the causes and effects of the American war of Independence and its major documents

3-Understand (in some detail) the causes, course and effects of the French Revolution

4-Connect how Enlightenment ideas were central to these revolutions

English Civil War- Causes1642 - 1660

King Charles I of Englandwanted absolute power

Parliament wanted more control and less power with the king

The main causeof civil war

WAR!

Main causes

1- King Charles wanted total power, parliament wanted less power for king and more for people

2- The English thought Charles was trying to bring back Catholicism and they were very angry at changes he made

3- The Scottish rebelled in 1639 and Charles had to raise an expensive army to stop them

4- Charles didn’t allow parliament for over 10 years and only called them to raise money for his army. Parliament were very angry.

English Civil War- Course1642 - 1660

Course

1- War started 1642 between Royal army and Parliamentary army led by Oliver Cromwell

2- Cromwell led the New Model Army, one of Europe’s first fully professional armies to fight

2- In 1649, king Charles was captured and beheaded for crimes against the people

3- Cromwell became a dictator until 1660 when Parliament made Charles II king of England

4- The Monarchy was restored but only on the condition that the new king gave Parliament more control

New Model Army- Professional Musketeers, Pikemen and Cavalry

English Civil War- Effects1642 - 1660

Main Effects of Civil war- The Glorious Revolution

1- Parliament’s control increased, king’s control decreased

2- People felt they could challenge kings who turned against them

3- Increased religious division between Catholics and Protestants

4- England moved away from divine right of kings and towards a constitutional monarchy

The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of

Rights1688 -1689

Catholic James II VS Protestant William of Orange

The Glorious Revolution 1688

1- James II became king in 1685, but he was Catholic not Protestant

2- He tried to promote Catholic religion, people didn’t like this at all

3- Parliament invited a Protestant from the Netherlands (who had claim on English throne) to come to England and be their king. William of Orange

4- 1688, William invaded and defeated James II

5- Parliament made him king on one condition...

English Bill of rights 1689

William had to accept the Bill of Rights which included:

1- Document, based on Magna Carta, listing rights of Parliament and people

2- It limited the king’s power much more

3- It allowed parliament to pass laws and raise taxes

4- Free speech for Parliament members

5- No cruel or unusual punishment

6- Parliaments should be held regularly

7- No army raised without Parliament’s agreement

8- Protestants had right to own weapons for defense

Why is the English Bill of Rights so important?

English Bill of Rights importance

-It led to England becoming a constitutional monarchy instead of Absolute monarchy

-It was a huge influence on later enlightenment thinkers

-It was a huge influence on other major documents like the American Declaration of Independence (1776) and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1793)