AN ANALYSIS OF HEINRICH HARRER’S CULTURE SHOCKS

IN THE MOVIE “SEVEN YEARS IN TIBET”

PUBLICATION PAPER

BY:

DIEN RATNA BUDIATI

07360225

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

OCTOBER 2013

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim

Alhamdulillah, the greatest thanks belongs to Allah SWT for giving health and

blessing, the researcher can finish this thesis. Sholawat is also presented to the beloved

prophet Muhammad SAW for bringing brightness.

There are many persons who involved in the processing of completing this thesis.

Therefore, she would like to express her attitude to the following persons:

1. Her advisor, Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si as her first advisor and Dr. Mas’udi, M.Ed as

her second advisor, who has provided guidance and patience in completing this thesis.

2. Her beloved parents, Kamtur Sulaiman and Asmainah who always give advice and

pray. Her lovely sister and brother, Galuh Ema Wijayanti and Arif Trifah Reza.

Special gratitude also delivered to her beloved Johan Wahyudi, who always caring

and helping.

3. Thanks to Denis, Mbak Cicik, Putri, Mia, Ratih, Sandra, Luli, Mbak Ira, Galuh, Bang

Roni, Bapak Supriyadi, M.Pd, Bapak Dr. Arif Budi Wurianto, M.Si, BAA team, and

all of whose name cannot be mentioned one by one. Special thanks also delivered to

her lovely family in Katamati and Cremona for the supporting and caring.

Malang, 28 October 2013

The Researcher,

Dien Ratna Budiati

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................... i

LEGALIZATION ........................................................................................ ii

MOTTO ........................................................................................................ iii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................ v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study ............................................................................. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................ 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................... 5

1.4 Significance of the Study ....................................................................... 6

1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................. 6

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................................ 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Culture .................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Elements of Culture ................................................................................ 11

2.2.1 Religion or Belief .......................................................................... 11

2.2.2 Social System or Organization ...................................................... 13

2.2.3 Knowledge ..................................................................................... 14

2.2.3.1 Experience ......................................................................... 14

2.2.3.2 Authority ........................................................................... 14

2.2.3.3 Deductive Reasoning ......................................................... 15

2.2.3.4 Inductive Reasoning .......................................................... 15

2.2.3.5 The Scientific Approach .................................................... 16

2.2.4 Language ........................................................................................ 17

2.2.5 Art .................................................................................................. 19

2.2.6 Economic System .......................................................................... 19

2.2.7 Technology .................................................................................... 20

2.3 Culture Shock ......................................................................................... 21

2.4 Culture Shock Process ............................................................................ 22

2.4.1 The Honeymoon Stage................................................................... 22

2.4.2 The Distress Stage ......................................................................... 22

2.4.3 Re-integration Stage ...................................................................... 22

2.4.4 Autonomy Stage ............................................................................ 23

2.4.5 Independent Stage .......................................................................... 23

2.5 Elements Contributing Culture Shock ..................................................... 23

2.6 The Effects of Culture Shock ................................................................... 25

2.7 Solving Culture Shock ............................................................................. 26

2.8 Movie or Film .......................................................................................... 28

2.9 Tibet ......................................................................................................... 29

2.9.1 Tibetan Religion ............................................................................ 30

2.9.2 Tibetan Language .......................................................................... 32

2.9.3 Tibetan Food .................................................................................. 35

2.9.4 Sky Burial ...................................................................................... 37

2.9.5 Tibetan Etiquettes and Taboos ....................................................... 40

2.9.6 Tibetan People ............................................................................... 42

2.9.7 Tibetan Arts ................................................................................... 47

2.9.8 Tibetan Government ...................................................................... 50

2.9.9 The 14th

Dalai Lama ...................................................................... 52

2.10 Austria .................................................................................................... 53

2.10.1 Language ...................................................................................... 54

2.10.2 Religion ........................................................................................ 54

2.10.3 General Attitudes ......................................................................... 54

2.10.4 People Appearance ...................................................................... 55

2.10.5 Greetings ...................................................................................... 55

2.10.6 Gestures ....................................................................................... 55

2.10.7 Visiting ........................................................................................ 55

2.10.8 Eating ........................................................................................... 56

2.10.9 Family .......................................................................................... 56

2.10.10 Dating and Marriage .................................................................. 57

2.10.11 Diet............................................................................................. 57

2.10.12 Austrian Home ........................................................................... 58

2.10.13 Conservatism ............................................................................. 58

2.10.14 Relationship and Communication .............................................. 59

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 60

3.2 Approach ................................................................................................ 61

3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ........................................................................ 61

3.2.2 Pragmatic Approach ..................................................................... 61

3.2.3 Expressive Approach .................................................................... 62

3.2.4 Objective Approach ...................................................................... 62

3.3 Object of the Study ................................................................................. 63

3.4 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 63

3.6 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 64

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Finding ................................................................................................... 65

4.1.1The Cultural Shocks Faced By Heinrich Harrer ............................. 65

4.1.1.1Belief Shock ....................................................................... 65

4.1.1.2 Language Shock ................................................................ 74

4.1.1.3 Knowledge Shock.............................................................. 74

4.1.1.4 Social System Shock ......................................................... 76

4.1.1.5 Different Cuisine ............................................................... 80

4.1.2 The Effects of Heinrich Harrer’s Cultural Shocks Toward

Himself .......................................................................................... 81

4.1.2.1 Spiritual ............................................................................. 81

4.1.2.2 Principle of Life................................................................. 83

4.1.2.3 Art ...................................................................................... 85

4.1.2.4 Custom............................................................................... 87

4.1.2.5 Relationship ...................................................................... 88

4.1.3 The Ways of Heinrich Harrer to Solve His Cultural Shocks ......... 91

4.1.3.1 Solving Belief Shocks ....................................................... 91

4.1.3.2 Solving Language Shock ................................................... 93

4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................... 94

4.3 Lesson ...................................................................................................... 96

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 98

5.2 Suggestion .............................................................................................. 99

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

THE SYNOPSIS OF “SEVEN YEARS IN TIBET” MOVIE

Seven Years in Tibet is a 1997 movie based on book Seven Years in Tibet written by

Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer on his experiences in Tibet between 1944 until 1951

during the Second World War and the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s invasion of Tibet

in 1950. The movie was directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud. The cast of the movie are; Brad

Pitt as Heinrich Harrer, David Thewlis as Peter Aufschnaiter, B. D. Wong as Ngawang

Jigme, Mako as Kungo Tsarong, Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė as Ingrid Harrer, Jamyang Jamtsho

Wangchuk as young The 14th

Dalai Lama and Lhakpa Tsamchoe as Pema Lhaki.

Heinrich Harrer (Brad Pitt) and his pregnant wife Ingrid (Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė) are

being driven to the train station in Graz, for Harrer’s departure on the expedition to the

Himalayas.

The biggest avalanche comes at August 4th

, 1939. Peter Ausfschnaiter (David

Thewlis) as the leader order going down as a team. Not for Heinrich Harrer. He insists taking

up the journey until reached the summit. Everybody in a team disagree with him. On reaching

the base, they learned that Britain has declared war on Germany, so they are arrested by

British Indian authorities and taken by truck to Dehra Dun prison camp.

In Dehra Dun prison camp, Harrer accepted a letter following a divorce paper from

Ingrid. The marriage seemed not his purpose yet until those letters comes, that is, the start of

his losing experienced, a chance to know his son, Rolf.

One month later, finally Harrer escaped from prison camp with the other friends including

Aufschnaiter.

As usual, Harrer prefer travelled on his own, separated from the other. In Northern

India, Aufschnaiter met with Harrer while the rest of the group has been recaptured. Together

they cross the border into Tibet-The Roof of the World. Tibet is the highest country on

earth and the most isolated. Not a chance for foreigner in Forbidden City of Lhasa (capital

city of Tibet). But after some heroic experienced, finally they arrived in Tibet. In fact, they

lived in Lhasa as guests in Kungo Tsarong’s house.

For a long time Harrer survived and lived in a strange country until the war of

German was ended. But then he decided not coming back to Austria after he received the

letter from his son. Harrer was regret and hopeless because of the rejection of his son.

Meanwhile Harrer sad in his loneliness, the young The 14th

Dalai Lama asked him to come to

the Potala Palace. The 14th

Dalai Lama interested learns from Harrer any knowledge outside

of Tibet, particularly western culture.

At the time when China proclaimed the People’s Liberation Army invaded Tibet,

Harrer and also Ausfschnaiter stand to fight for Tibet. At last, the kind of friendship brings

some reflection for Harrer. The young the 14th

Dalai Lama shared wisdom of life that he

never knows before. While seven years lived in Tibet teaches Harrer the value of great

simplicity in life.

APPENDIX

THE SUBTITLE OF “SEVEN YEARS IN TIBET” MOVIE

The Subtitle The Scene

101

00:16:41,934 --> 00:16:45,062

Dalai Lama photo. Good protection.

102

00:16:45,137 --> 00:16:48,004

Take it, <i>Si Hib.</i>

It will protect you.

103

00:16:48,073 --> 00:16:51,440

No, that means nothing to me.

104

00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:54,138

Dalai Lama. Dalai Lama photo.

105

00:16:54,213 --> 00:16:55,976

<i>Si Hib,</i> take it.

106

00:16:56,048 --> 00:16:57,982

Good protection for you.

Heinrich Harrer met the old men who

insisted him take the photo of the 14th

Dalai Lama.

237

00:35:52,016 --> 00:35:53,244

Yes.

238

00:35:53,317 --> 00:35:56,286

Just smile and say yes.

It's better that way.

239

00:35:59,891 --> 00:36:02,086

It's amazing what you learn

in prison, isn't it?

240

00:36:11,969 --> 00:36:13,527

Tibet.

241

00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:18,834

- No foreigners allowed in Tibet.

- Oh, please!

242

00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:20,434

No foreigner!

243

00:36:20,511 --> 00:36:22,502

Oh, please!

Heinrich Harrer didn’t understand

Tibetan language.

244

00:36:29,654 --> 00:36:32,817

Yes. Thank you. Of course.

245

00:37:00,384 --> 00:37:02,352

No translation needed.

246

00:37:33,918 --> 00:37:36,216

Some people are glad to see us.

247

00:37:36,287 --> 00:37:38,585

Don't let it get to your head.

248

00:37:38,656 --> 00:37:42,786

When the Tibetans clap hands, it means

they are driving out evil forces.

Heinrich Harrer thought Tibetans clap

hands because glad met him.

605

01:21:08,296 --> 01:21:09,524

Worms.

606

01:21:09,598 --> 01:21:12,089

Please, no more hurting worms.

607

01:21:12,167 --> 01:21:14,294

- Please.

- Worms?

608

01:21:14,369 --> 01:21:19,432

In a past life, this innocent worm

could have been your mother.

609

01:21:19,507 --> 01:21:21,441

Please, no more hurting.

610

01:21:21,509 --> 01:21:24,444

It's impossible. Please, no more.

611

01:21:26,414 --> 01:21:28,780

But you see, Tibetans believe...

612

01:21:28,850 --> 01:21:32,342

all living creatures were

their mothers in a past life.

613

01:21:32,420 --> 01:21:36,823

So we must show them respect

and repay their kindness.

614

01:21:36,892 --> 01:21:40,760

And never, never

Heinrich Harrer got shock when Jam

Yang said worms is their mother.

harm anything that lives.

615

01:21:40,829 --> 01:21:44,265

You can't ask a devout people

to disregard a precious teaching.

616

01:21:44,332 --> 01:21:46,266

Yes, but Your Holiness...

617

01:21:48,770 --> 01:21:52,501

with true respect,

we can't possibly...

618

01:21:54,910 --> 01:21:57,640

I'm sorry, but we can't

possibly rescue all the worms...

619

01:21:57,712 --> 01:22:00,545

not if you want a theater

finished in this lifetime.

620

01:22:00,615 --> 01:22:03,880

You have a clever mind.

Think of a solution.

565

01:15:21,316 --> 01:15:25,047

Do you know the rules

of protocol concerning my son?

566

01:15:26,989 --> 01:15:32,052

Not exact... I know one bows

and performs prostrations.

567

01:15:33,629 --> 01:15:36,097

When you are in the presence

of His Holiness...

568

01:15:36,164 --> 01:15:38,462

you must always be standing...

569

01:15:38,534 --> 01:15:42,470

bent in obeisance,

hands folded in supplication.

570

01:15:42,538 --> 01:15:46,565

If seated, you must always

be seated lower than he.

571

01:15:46,642 --> 01:15:50,601

Never look him in the eye.

Heinrich Harrer didn’t understand the

rules of protocol concerning the 14th

Dalai Lama.

Never speak before he does.

572

01:15:50,679 --> 01:15:53,739

Always refer to him

as "Your Holiness."

573

01:15:53,815 --> 01:15:57,842

Never turn your back to him.

And never, never touch him.

584

01:18:53,662 --> 01:18:54,856

Yellow head.

585

01:19:04,706 --> 01:19:07,231

You have hair on your arms too?

And legs?

586

01:19:17,586 --> 01:19:19,611

- How about you?

- Mr. Harrer.

Heinrich Harrer asking the 14th

Dalai

Lama a privacy question.

673

01:28:12,053 --> 01:28:14,851

Do you listen to news

from your country?

674

01:28:14,922 --> 01:28:18,949

From Austria?

No, not really.

676

01:28:21,062 --> 01:28:24,725

- Why? It's your home.

- Not anymore it isn't.

677

01:28:24,799 --> 01:28:27,427

But don't you have

friends and family there?

678

01:28:27,502 --> 01:28:30,130

A few friends, no family.

680

01:28:36,344 --> 01:28:38,574

Why? Is everyone dead?

681

01:28:41,049 --> 01:28:44,450

Do you know there's another sentence

construction aside from the question?

682

01:28:47,422 --> 01:28:49,754

I was married,

but I'm divorced.

Heinrich Harrer looks uncomforted

because the 14th

Dalai Lama asked him a

personal questions.

928

02:04:41,941 --> 02:04:44,774

Butter tea.

It was never my cup of tea.

929

02:04:48,247 --> 02:04:52,343

- One was enough.

- Yes, we must follow the custom.

930

02:04:52,418 --> 02:04:57,219

A fresh cup of tea is poured

for the loved one departing.

931

02:05:02,094 --> 02:05:06,360

It sits untouched.

Heinrich Harrer dislike the taste of butter

tea.

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