Public Interaction

Computer Systems in Desiging

16Public Interaction

Computer Systems in designing

Computer Systems in designing

• CAD – Computer Aided Drafting and Designing

• including Rapid Prototyping – SLA, SLS or 3D printing

• CAM – Computer Aided Maufacturing• CNC – Computer Numerically Controlled• CIM – Computer Integrated Manufacturing• SPC – Statistical Process Control• Concurrent Engineering

Computer Systems in designingWord processing, Internet research, EMAIL,text

Word processing, Internet research, EMAIL, text

Word processing, Internet research, EMAIL,text, excel, Models generated on PC

2D, Prodesktop, AutoCad Inventor, Corel draw, EMAIL, Printers, SLS, Rapid prototypes, 3D printing

EXCEL, planning software, EMAIL, TEXT

EXCEL, DATA capture, Measurements, logging, weighing, speed, EMAIL, NETWORKS, LAN, WAN

EXCEL, DATA capture, Measurements,Word Processing, EMAIL

CADD

CADD or Computer Aided Drafting and Designing

2D 3D

2D drawing packages such as 2D design,

Coreldraw

3D drawing packages suchAs ProDesktop,

AutoCAD Inventor

Rapid PrototypingStereo Lithography (SL)

Selective Laser Sintering (3D printing)

Producing IDEAS

EmailedEmailed

SLS selective laser sintering

Selective laser sintering is an additive rapid manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, or ceramic powders into a mass representing a desired 3-dimensional object. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed

Stereo lithography• Stereo lithography is a common

rapid manufacturing and rapid prototyping technology for producing parts with high accuracy and good surface finish. A device that performs stereo lithography is called an SLA or Stereo lithography Apparatus. Stereo lithography is an additive fabrication process utilizing a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer "resin" and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time. On each layer, the laser beam traces a part cross-section pattern on the surface of the liquid resin. Exposure to the UV laser light cures, or, solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and adheres it to the layer below

CAD to RP

• To get the idea prototyped requires one other piece of software:

• Autocad slice SLA

• The slice software takes the design and cuts it in to thin layers so that each layer can be processed in turn by the SLA or LS process.

CAM

Computer Aided Manufacturing

CNC (industry based) Laser Cutter (school) Routers (school)

Lathe Milling Mercury 40W Techsoft Ts-30

CNC

• The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer "controller" that reads G-code instructions and drives a machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate components by the selective removal of material.

• CNC does numerically directed interpolation of a cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine. The operating parameters of the CNC can be altered via a software load program.

CNC turning centre

CNC Milling Machine

CIM

• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a method of manufacturing in which the entire production process is controlled by computer. Typically, it relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.

CIM

CIM

• A CIM system is not the same as a "lights out" factory, which would run completely independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different products, or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with the aid of computers.

CIMSome or all of the following subsystems may be found in a CIM

operation:• CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing) • CAPP, (Computer-aided process planning) • ERP (Enterprise resource planning) • CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools • DNC, direct numerical control machine tools • FMS, flexible machining systems • ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems • AGV, automated guided vehicles • Robotics • Automated conveyance systems • Computerized scheduling and production control • CAQ (Computer-aided quality assurance) • A business system integrated by a common database. • Lean Manufacturing

SPC

• Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an effective method of monitoring a process through the use of control charts. Control charts enable the use of objective criteria for distinguishing background variation from events of significance based on statistical techniques. Much of its power lies in the ability to monitor both process centre and its variation about that centre, also known as a setpoint.

SPC

• By collecting data from samples at various points within the process, variations in the process that may affect the quality of the end product or service can be detected and corrected, thus reducing waste as well as the likelihood that problems will be passed on to the customer.

• With its emphasis on early detection and prevention of problems, SPC has a distinct advantage over quality methods, such as inspection, that apply resources to detecting and correcting problems in the end product or service.

SPC – PID curvesOvershoot

Acceptable response

Undershoot

This could be graph of temperature of a furnace, for example. The Blue is the desired response and the green is the actual. However if the control system is not setup correctly you can get overshoot or undershoot

Concurrent Engineering

• A system of design that organises tasks in parallel. Any changes made to one CAD file will be accessible by all.

• AND• If the changes affect any other files they

will automatically update as well.• For example, consider designers of a CAR

working in various countries of the world on various different tasks.

Concurrent engineering

Designers of Engine

ManufacturingDesigners of Body

Designers ofElectrics

Networked Master

Copy of allCAD files

Generated

Concurrent engineering

Designers of Engine

ManufacturingDesigners of Body

Designers ofElectrics

Networked Master

Copy of allCAD files

Generated

change

Concurrent engineering

Designers of Engine

ManufacturingDesigners of Body

Designers ofElectrics

Networked Master

Copy of allCAD files

Generated

Changes

change

Concurrent engineering

Designers of Engine

ManufacturingDesigners of Body

Designers ofElectrics

Networked Master

Copy of allCAD files

Generated

Changes

change

Changes

Changes

Ethical Issues of Using CAD

• Advantages • Disadvantages

Ethical Issues of Using CAM

• Advantages • Disadvantages