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Administrative Thinkers- An Introduction

Every organization is associated with a phenomenon called administration. The state will become

successful only when the administration is good. The goal of the state is society itself. Hence, administration

assumes criticality in a state. State is considered to be a deliberately created institution in order to achieve the

goals of the society.

The study relating to public administration has been taking place from quite some time. In the due course of time,

there have come up a number of crystallized ideas. These ideas explain what, why and when of good government

administration.

There have been hundreds of individual efforts in this subject. They can be divided into three broad categories.

1. Classical- Classical group has tried to explain this phenomenon by focusing on 2- Ms (Machine and

Method). They have focused on the non-living or inanimate aspect of the organization.

a. ScientificManagement- Taylor

b. Administrative Management- Henry Fayol, Gulick & Urwick

c. Weberian- Max Weber

2. Humanistic- Bernard, Herbert Simon, McGregor, Chris Argyris, Likert- Humanist Group has tried to explain

this phenomenon by focusing on Man i.e. the living or the animate aspect of the organization.

3. Contemporary- Systems Approach and Contingency Approach - Contemporary group focuses on every

aspect of the organization including the surroundings or the environment.

Other Theorists-

1. Folett(This theorist is considered to be a link between classical and humanistic school of thought)

2. Mayo(Initiated Humanistic Theory but somehow he is not considered to be in the humanistic school of

thought)

Every organization has a number of individuals. They carry certain responsibilities and at the same time they also

exercise power. But, all the individuals do not have same amount of responsibility or same amount of power.

Responsibility and power are directly proportional to each other. This makes an organization, a layered

organization or hierarchy.

In most of the organizations, we will find that at the lower level, more numbers of individuals are present. As we

move to the higher layers, the numbers of individuals go on decreasing. Thus, organizations are normally in a

pyramidal form.

Every organization comprises of 3-Ms.

1. Machine- Structure of the organization (design or shape)

2. Method- Process, procedure, tools or techniques through which the organization operates.

3. Man- The organization operates through human beings.

Scientific Management Movement

Management is the art of getting things done.

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