NATURE AND VARIETIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

BY:REBECCA BASTILLADA

CONSCIOUSNESS the state in which you are aware not only on

the external environment but also of internal events such as thinking.

A state of awareness of sensations, perception, or memories. The aspect of mental life in which one is normally aware.

Is a fixed, unvarying state but can be altered.

SLEEPHans Berger, a German physician, was first

person to record the brain’s electrical activity.(EEG Electroencephalograph- measures the

brain waves of sleeping subjects.

STAGES OF SLEEPStage 1: Light sleep drifting in and out between sleep and consciousness. Muscle activity slows down.Stage 2: Eye movements stop with a higher activity in brains waves, also known as sleep spindles.Stage 3: Transition period between light and deep sleep. Slow brain waves known as delta waves emerge.Stage 4: Deep sleep begins and usually lasts for approximately 30 minutes.Stage 5: The brain enters REM sleep and dreaming finally takes place. Before entering this stage, the brain is said to repeat stage 2 and 3 before entering REM sleep.

REM Sleep>>> orthodox sleep

SLEEP DURATIONThe average young adult needs between

6Y2 to 8Y2 hours of sleep a night; some people need a little more, some a little less.

SLEEP DURATION Sleep deprivation cause sensory

disturbances, hallucinations, and delusions occur after only 60 sleepless hours.

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMA daily cycle. The sleep-awake cycle is

considered to be a circadian rhythm

SLEEP ABNORMALITIES AND PATHOLOGY

INSOMIAdifficulty in initiating and maintaining

sleep for the necessary amount of time.NARCOLEPS an inherited pathological condition SLEEP APNEAA cessation of breathing during sleep. It

may be brief or protracted.

DREAMINGTheories:

1.Psychoanalytic theory- by Sigmund Freud state that dreams are disguised representations or represses desires which appear in symbolic form.

Lament content- The hidden true meaning of dream.Manifest Content- the overt, literal, dream content.

2.Activation- Synthesis theory- a physiological model of dreaming that contends that the brain synthesis random neural activity generated during sleep organizes this activity into a dream.

3. Housekeeping Hypothesis- dreaming may be a time of “house keeping” during which nonsensical information or “noise” is brought forth and swept clean.

4. Off-line Time- the time when data are no longer an input, but rather are being analyzed, correlated or stored or treated in some processing fashion.

HYPNOSISa state of consciousness characterized by

relaxation and suggestibility.MEDITATIONdeep relaxation brought on

by focusing one’s attention on a particular sound or image, breathing deeply and relaxing.

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGSdrugs that alter, conscious awareness or

perception.

CLASSIFICATION1. STIMULANTS- drugs that can stimulate

or excites the central nervous system. Ex. COCAINE

2. DEPRESSANTS- drugs that can depress or show the central nervous system. Ex. ALCOHOL

3. HALLUCINOGENS- drugs that cause excitation at synapses associated with sense perception.

PHYSICAL ADDICTIONan overwhelming desire for a particular

substance and physical reaction to withdrawal.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADDICTIONan overwhelming desire for a particular

substance due to the immediate sense of pleasure or fear reduction it provides.

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)Refers to the perception of knowledge

about the environment that does not arrive through a known sensory channel and the study of ESP.

PARAPSYCHOLOGY (beyond psychology) the psychology of events that go beyond

what is considered possible.

Three forms of ESP1. Telepathy( mind reading)- refers to

the transference of thought from one person to another.

2. Precognition- refers to the ability to see the future.

3. Clairvoyance- involves the knowledge of events not detectable by normal senses.

PSYCHOKINESIS (PK) The ability to move objects without

touching them.

PARANORMAL PHENOMENAPhenomena outside the range of normal

events.

THANK YOU AND

GOD BLESS ALL!!!