The effects of world warMade by:

TahaUmer Khan

Faizan Iftikhar

Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary• 28 June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir apparent to the

throne of Austria-Hungary, was shot in Bosnia.• Killer was member of ‘Black Hand’, a secret society based in Serbia. • The perfect excuse for Austria-Hungary to remove Serbian threat

once and for all. accused Serbia of planning the murder.

Did World War I change the world?

What was the world like before World War I?

What was the world like after World War I?

1. The world before 1914.2. What caused the war.

1. Effects of the war on the world.

4

When did it happen? 1914–1918

Where did it happen? Europe, Africa and the Middle East

Who fought in the war? 1) Allied Powers (Leading member: Britain)

2) Central Powers (Leading member: Germany)

Who won? The Allied Powers

How many died? Soldiers: 8 millionCivilians or people who were not soldiers: 6 million

World War I

Powerful countries

Competition for colonies

Arms and naval race

Alliances among the great powers

Strong feelings of nationalism

Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary

What was the world like before World War I?

Allied Powers• Britain• France• Serbia• Russia• Italy (joined after May 1915)

Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Ottoman Turkey

vs

Powerful countries• Britain Largest colonial empire in the world.

Most powerful navy.

• France Defeated by Germans in 1871 Franco-Prussian War.

Lost resource-rich Alsace-Lorraine.

Looked for ways to recover it.

• Russia Largest empire in Europe.

Largest army.

Britain:• Largest colonial

empire in the world.

• Most powerful navy.

France:• Resource-rich Alsace-

Lorraine was annexed by Germany in the 1871 Franco-Prussian War.

• Looked for ways to recover it.

Germany:• Rapid growth in economy and

power after 1871 reunification.

• Best-trained and equipped army in Europe.

• Huge territorial ambition.

Russia:• Largest empire in Europe.

• Largest army.

• Less advanced industrialization.

The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey):

• Empire stretched from Europe to the Middle East and Asia.

• Central government too weak to control all parts of its empire.

Austria-Hungary:• Large, unstable and divided

empire.

• Different ethnic groups often attempted to break away to form their own nation-states.

Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people

Four empires broke up

Self-determination became popular

New nation-states were set up

New boundaries created problems

World economy damaged

What was the world like after World War I?

Changes to society

Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people• Nearly 8 million soldiers killed.

• Millions of young men wounded and permanently disabled by gas or exploding shells.

• Many others suffered from post-war trauma.

Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people

• Millions of displaced refugees who had lost almost everything.

• Poor living conditions, lack of food and spread of disease.

• Many more killed due to diseases.

World economy damaged• World trade disrupted.• Resources of great powers depleted.• Farms, factories and industrial areas destroyed no production.• Infrastructure destroyed lengthy restoration.• Massive unemployment.• Countries cash-strapped, saddled with huge debts.

Changes to society• Changes to the position of women.

• Many males in the families were killed in the war.• Women’s responsibilities increased.• Women’s expectations about their role in society also changed equal rights,

equal opportunities.

Technology of World War One• Machine Guns• Artillery• Grenades• Communications• Transportation• Tanks & Armor• Aircraft• Chemical Warfare• U-Boats• Convoy system• Barbed Wire

All of these technologies had an impact on the strategy and tactics of the war.

Some were used in a new way, others were used in response to other technologies or new tactics and strategies.

Sopwith Camel

AIRCRAFT• Description/Use: 100 mph, monoplane,

biplane and tri-plane configurations. Constructed of canvas stretched over wooden frame

• Single pilot fighter to several men in a bomber

• Typically armed with machine guns• Initially used for observation, later fighters

and bombers

SUBMARINES

SUBMARINES• Use: Attack allied shipping, primarily

through use of deck guns NOT torpedoes• Impact: Very effective against shipping,

but sinking of ocean liners was negative public opinion Use of convoy system, depth charges and hydrophones were a response

German Tank

Armored Car

BARBED WIRE

Barbed Wire• Description/Use: sharp twisted strands

of wire – not designed to kill– Often used in conjunction with machine guns

and trenches – Create barriers while preserving field of fire– Control avenues of approach

• Impact: critical to trench defense

COMMUNICATIONS

Communications• Description/Use: New methods include telephones

and wireless (radio)• Impact: Would allow for swift communications for

better control by command elements• Key for Command and Control• Used for Artillery Spotting• Need for codes and ciphers (Russians sent radio

signals “in the clear” – allowed for Germans to know their plans

• Runners, carrier pigeons still used throughout war

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation•Description/Use : Use of motorized vehicles and railroads to transport supplies and men.

•Impact: Railroads were a critical element for mobilization and transport of ultra-heavy artillery