Protists and Fungi

By: Mr. Hunter

Protists

What do all protozoa have in common?

Eukaryotic

Range from single to multi-cellular

Highly diverse

Do not have specialized tissues for functions

What do all protists have in common?

Use many methods of getting food (some even use photosynthesis; some are heterotrophs; some are parasites)

Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and asexually (binary fission)

Sexual Reproduction of Paramecium

Classification of Protists

Heterotrophs that can move

Heterotrophs that cannot move

Producers

Protist Producers- Algae

Algae make food through photosynthesis.

Examples: seaweed, phytoplankton

Seaweed & Phytoplankton

Type of Algae

Size Location How does the algae get its food?

Describe

Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Euglenoids

Heterotrophs that can move

Amoeba

Zooflagellates

Ciliates

Amoeba

Amoebic Dysentery Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a one-celled

parasite called Entamoeba histolytica, which causes both intestinal and extraintestinal infections.

Two species of Entamoeba are morphologically indistinguishable: Entamoeba histolytica is pathogenic and Entamoeba dispar harmlessly colonizes the colon. Amoebas adhere to and kill the cells of the colon and cause dysentery with blood and mucus in the stool.

Amoebas also secrete substances called proteases that degrade lining of the colon and permit invasion into the bowel wall and beyond. Amoebas can spread via the circulation to the liver and cause liver abscesses. The infection may spread further by direct extension from the liver or through the bloodstream to the lungs, brain, and other organs.

Mild early symptoms

Weight loss Anaemia Indigestion Intermittent diarrhoea with foul-smellingstool that may

be preceded by constipation. Dehydration Blood and mucus in the stool. Gas and Abdominal Bloating Abdominal cramps and tenderness Fever Fatigue Chills

Zooflagellates Giardia Lamblia

Termite Gut (Mutualism)

Heterotrophs that CAN’T move

Spore-forming protists

Complicated life cycles that involve two or more hosts

Ex. Malaria

Malaria 500 million people contract malaria

each year and 2.7 million people die from it each year.

Infection with malaria parasites may result in a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from absent or very mild symptoms to severe disease and even death.

The classical (but rarely observed) malaria attack lasts 6-10 hours. It consists of:

a cold stage (sensation of cold, shivering)

a hot stage (fever, headaches, vomiting; seizures in young children)

and finally a sweating stage (sweats, return to normal temperature, tiredness)

Symptoms

Fever Chills Sweats Headaches Nausea and vomiting Body aches General malaise.

Water Molds

Water molds live in water, soil or other organisms

Decomposers and parasites

Slime molds

Only move at certain times during their life cycles

Use pseudopodia to move and to eat bacteria and yeast

Spores- reproductive cells covered by a thick wall

Slime Mold In An Aquarium

Slime Mold

Heterotroph Spore-forming protists Parasite Water molds Host Slime molds Red Algae Green Algae Brown Algae Phytoplankton Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Amoebas Psuedopodia Zooflagellates Ciliates

The World Without Fungi No leavened bread No penicillin No blue cheese No mushrooms Collections of dead organic matter No soy sauce No beer No athlete’s feet

What are characteristics of fungi?

Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Rigid cell walls Diverse shapes, methods of obtaining

food Various modes of reproduction

Hyphae

Long, nonreproductive filaments

Mycelium

The mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that forms the body of a fungus

Asexual Reproduction in Fungus

Hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a fungus

Spore formation

Spores are small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall that

grow into a new fungus.

Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

Special structures form to make sex cells that join to produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus.

Shape Sex. Or Asex.?

Description

Details

Drawing

Threadlike

Sac

Club

Imperfect

Threadlike Fuzzy (mold)

Asexually: sporangia break open and release spores into the air

Sexually: hyphae join up

Details: parasites, live in the soil, decomposers

Threadlike Fungi

The mold of the genus Pilobolus grows on animal manure.

This mold produces little sacs of spores on top of stalked structures that swell, and sacs are shot up 8 meters into the air!!!

Threadlike fungi

Their spores adhere to grass and leaves.

Animals eat the leaves, the spores pass through their digestive tracts, and end up in dung where the spores germinate.

Bread Box Nightmares

White bread Wheat bread

20 drops of water 20 drops of sugar water 20 drops of lemon juice

Match up the words correctly and use each pair in an

accurate sentence.

Threadlike fungi Sac fungi Club fungi Ascus Gills Sporangia

Intriguing Fungi Mushrooms consist mostly of water.

Shiitake mushrooms were thought to promote good health by the people of ancient China.

They were correct since these mushrooms are rich in Fe, P, Ca and protein.

Shiitake Mushrooms

World’s Largest Fungus?

A fungus that covered an area of 4 square kilometers and weighed nearly 1,000 tons that is 1,000 years old was found in Seattle, Washington!

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bread, beer, wine

Genetic manipulation

Molecular and cellular biology experiments

Fungi

Fungi are the major cause of plant diseases.

At least 5,000 kinds of fungi attack crops, garden plants, and wild plants.

Ringworm

Ringworm

Lichens

Lichen: a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together in a mutualistic relationship

How is this relationship mutualistic?

How are lichens important?