origins of eukaryotic diversity – protists diversity
TRANSCRIPT
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Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity
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For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows.
Water Molds (Oomycota)
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Characteristics
• Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles
• Ribosomes (80s)• Unicellular,
Colonial, and Multicellular types
Four Supergroups:• Excavata• SAR
(Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria)
• Archaeplastida (includes land plants)
• Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)
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Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads
ex. Giardia“excavated” groove on one side of the body(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria,two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton)
haploid
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ex. Trichimonas(Causes Trichomoniasis)
“excavated” groove on one side of the body
(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, _____________________)
Supergroup: ExcavataClade: Parabaslids
Undulating Membrane
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Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa
“excavated” groove on one side of the body
• Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod
• 2 Groups:– Euglenids– Kinetoplastids
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Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Euglenids
ex. Euglena
(anterior pocket with flagella)
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ex. ___________
(single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Kinetoplastids Trypanosoma
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Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Contain
Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface
• 3 Groups:– Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates
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Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
Group: _____________
(2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll)
Dinoflagellates
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group: Apicomplexansex. __________(parasitic, apical structure)
Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
Plasmodium
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Supergroup: SARClade: AlveolataGroup: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)
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• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Have hair-
like projections on flagella• Four Groups:
– Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)– Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)– Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)– Water Mold (Oomycetes)
Supergroup: SARClade: _____________Stramenopiles
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Overlapping silica testpigments: carotene, xanthophyll,-Diatomaceous earth,-Filters-Fertilizing the oceans
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Diatoms
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cell wall: ________
pigments: carotene, xanthophyll
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)
Silica
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cell wall: cellulose, alginAlternation of generations
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Brown Algae
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pigments:nonecell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae
Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s)
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Water Molds (Oomycota)
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• Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding
• Groups:– Cercozoans– Foraminiferans– Radiolarians
SAR (Rhizaria)
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Supergroup: SARGroup: CercozoansPlastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis).
2 from cyanobacterium
3rd from alga’s plasma membrane
4th from heterotrophic food vacuole.
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porous shells – made of ____________
Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Foraminiferans (Forams)
Calcium Carbonate
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Actinopods (fused plates – silica withaxopodia)
Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Radiolarians
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• Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium
• Three Groups:– Red Algae
(Rodophyta)– Green Algae
(Chlorophyta)– Land Plants
Supergroup: Archaeplastida
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Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Rhodophyta (Red)
• Red Algae• Phycoerythrin
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Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Chlorophyta(& Charophytes)
Green Algae
Have Chloroplasts similar to plants
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Supergroup: Unikonta• Very Diverse Group• Molecular Systematics links groups
(but highly debatable)– Two Clades:
• Amoebozoans• Opisthokonts
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Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
•Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________Pseudopodia
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• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal
• Plasmoidial – NOT ________________
• From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei– diploid
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Multicellular
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• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal
• ___________• (feed like individual
amoebas)– aggregate to breed
or during stressHaploid Organisms
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Cellular
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Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Most are Free-living Amoebas
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Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Most are parastic amoebas
Entamoeba histolytica 3rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis
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Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Opisthokonts
Group:NucleariidsGroup:Choanoflagellates
Very Diverse Group:
Nuceariids = most closely related to Fungi
Choanoflagellates = most closely related to animals
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• Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Opisthokonts
Group:Nucleariids
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• Similar in morphology and DNA to animals
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Opisthokonts
Group:Choanoflagellates