protist ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Kingdom: ProtistaProtists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.
Similar to BacteriaSimilar to Bacteria Unicellular One of the first groups of living things on
Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.) Microscopic Can cause disease. Can be parasites
Difference from Difference from BacteriaBacteria
Has a nucleus. Live in watery environment. Generally live as individual cells. Protists vary greatly in appearance and
function.
3 Categories3 Categories I. Animal-like Protists. II. Plant-like Protists. III. Fungus-like Protists.
I. Animal-like ProtistsI. Animal-like Protists Protozoan means “First Animal”. Cells contain a nucleus. Cells lack a cell wall. They are heterotrophs. Most can move on their own.
4 Groups of Animal-4 Groups of Animal-like Protistslike Protists
1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz) 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts) 3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts) 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)
1. Sarcodines1. Sarcodines Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) Extensions of the cell membrane and
cytoplasm. Pseudopods are used for movement and to
capture food. Many have shells. These shells form limestone, marble and
chalk.
One type: One type: Most familiar
Sarcodine. Pseudopods: Blob shaped. Contractile
Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside
Food Vacuole: where food is digested.
Split PersonalitySplit Personality Amebas reproduce
by dividing into two new cells (binary fission).
Amebas can respond to their environment.
They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.
2. Ciliates2. Ciliates Have cilia on the
outside of their cells.
Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.
Type: ParameciumType: Paramecium Pellicle: tough
outer wall. Slipper shaped Oral groove: like the
mouth Gullet: holds food. Food Vacuole:
digests food. Anal Pore: removes
wastes 2 Contractile
Vacuoles 2 Nuclei Reproduces by
either binary fission or conjugation.
3. Flagellates 3. Flagellates (Zooflagellates)(Zooflagellates)
Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement.
Many live in animals Symbiosis a close
relationship, at least one benefits.
Mutualism: when both partners benefit.
4. Sporozoans4. Sporozoans All Sporozans are parasites. They feed on cells and body fluids. Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). Pass from one host to another. Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other
animals to humans.
II. Plant-like ProtistsII. Plant-like Protists(Algae)(Algae)
Unicellular and Multicellular Colonies (groups of unicellular protists) Can move on their own Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials
using light energy (photosynthesis). 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like
Protists! Pigments: chemicals that produce color
6 Groups of Plant like 6 Groups of Plant like ProtistsProtists
Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz) Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz) Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts) Red Algae Green Algae Brown Algae
1. Euglenoids1. Euglenoids Green Unicellular Live in fresh water Autotrophs, but can be
heterotrophs under certain conditions.
Flagella Eyespot: sensitive to
light. Chloroplasts Pellicle
2. Diatoms2. Diatoms Unicellular 10,000 living
species. Aquatic Glass like cell wall Diatomaceous earth:
course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.
3. Dinoflagellates3. Dinoflagellates Unicellular Cell walls are like
plates of armor. Two flagella Spins when it moves. Colorful (pigments) Can glow in the dark. Causes Red Tide
Red AlgaeRed Algae Multicellular seaweeds Live in deep ocean waters Used for ice cream and
hair conditioner Used as food in Asia
Green AlgaeGreen Algae Most are unicellular Some form colonies Few are multicellular Can live in fresh and salt
water and on land in damp places.
Very closely related to green plants.
Brown AlgaeBrown Algae Commonly called seaweed Can contain brown, green,
yellow, orange and black pigments.
Attach to rocks Have air bladders Giant Kelp can be 100
meters long! Used as food thickeners
III. Fungus-like III. Fungus-like ProtistsProtists
Heterotrophs Have cell walls. Many have flagella and are able to move at some point
in their lives. Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into
a new organism)
Water & Downy MoldsWater & Downy Molds Live in water or moist
places. Tiny threads that look like
fuzz. Attack food crops Caused the Irish Potato
Famine.
Type: Type: Reproduce by
Fruiting Bodies: The Fruiting Bodies
contain Spores. At first they look like
ameba, then later they look like mold.
Live on moist shady places.
Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.