prospect of the nuclear-heated steam methane reforming · pdf file(nh-smr) method for...
TRANSCRIPT
Erlan Dewita
NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY OF INDONESIA (BATAN)
Email: [email protected]
Presented On:
IAEA Technical Meeting to Examine the Role of Nuclear Hydrogen Production in the Context of Hydrogen Economy
Prospect of the Nuclear-Heated Steam Methane Reforming (NH-SMR) Method for Fertilizers Industry In Indonesia
Background
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• Indonesia → Agriculture country → fertilizer demand • Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is the most common method of
hydrogen production that used in the industrial synthesis of ammonia and urea (fertilizer plant).
• Steam reforming is one of hydrogen production method by using natural gas as raw material and fuel. The reforming reaction is strongly endothermic (consumes heat), it supply by combustion of natural gas.
• Natural gas ratio for SMR is 40% for raw material and 60% for fuel. • After 2010 gas production has dropped due to supply problems. • High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) reactor is one of
nuclear reactor that operates at the high temperature. • HTGR type reactor is a potential for cogeneration process, especially to supply heat for hydrogen production process.
• Advantageous effect of nuclear heat supply is to reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission.
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• The reforming reaction is strongly endothermic (consumes heat), it supply by combustion of natural gas. Combustion of natural gas to supply reaction heat will reduce conversion of natural gas to hydrogen.
• HTGR type reactor is a potential for cogeneration process, especially to supply heat for hydrogen production process. There is seem challenge in the development of similar technology to produce hydrogen by replacing combusting natural gas with helium from HTGR type reactor.
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Natural Gas SMR
Hydrogen
Ammonia
Urea Fuel/reaction heat sources
Raw material
HTGR
Schematic diagram of fertilizer production and replacement fuel from heat supplied from HTGR
Natural gas which is about 60% as fuel for hydrogen production can be replaced by heat from HTGR, so the natural gas can be totally used for raw material in SMR production
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Advantages of cogeneration
• Cogeneration can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. • Cogeneration can help minimize CO2 emissiion
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• In order to fulfill electricity needs and as effort to reduce environmental impact as a result of increasing natural gas consumption, it is needed introduction to utilizing nuclear heat for cogeneration purpose, namely for electricity production and hydrogen production
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STEAM METHANE REFORMING • Steam Methane Reforming method have 3 main process, namely Steam reforming, shift reaction, and purification. CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 ∆H298 = 206.2 kJ/mol (1)
CO + H2O CO2+ H2 ∆H298 = -41.1 kJ/mol(2) CH4 + 2H2O CO2 + 4H2 ∆H298 = 164.9 kJ/mol(3)
• The process in the primary reformer occurs through a reaction of natural gas (methane) and steam at high temperature (~ 800°C), and has a thermal efficiency of about 70%.
• To reacting natural gas and steam continuously in a Fixed Bed
Reactor in the presence of a catalyst Multitube NiO. The reaction takes place in the temperature range 500 C-800° C with pressures between 32-36 bar.
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Indonesian Gas Production and Consumption 2006-2015
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Production In billion m3
2006 74.3
2007 71.5
2008 73.7
2009 76.9
2010 85.7
2011 81.5
2012 77.1
2013 72.1
2014 73.4
2015 75.0
Consumption In billion m3
36.6 34.1 39.1 41.5 43.4 42.1 42.2 36.5 38.4 39.7
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016
As shown in the table above - and contrary to national oil production - gas production in Indonesia has remained stable, reaching a record high in 2010 due to the start of production of the Tangguh field (located in Papua) in the same year (managed by BP Indonesia) which is an important field in the country's gas industry. After 2010 gas production has dropped due to supply problems.
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Top Natural Gas Producing Countries in 2015: 1. United States 767.3 2. Russia 573.3 3. Iran 192.5 4. Qatar 181.4 5. Canada 163.5 6. China 138.0 7. Norway 117.2 8. Saudi Arabia 106.4 9. Algeria 83.0 10. Indonesia 75.0 in billion m³
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Top Gas Consuming Industries in Indonesia
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INDUSTRY 2015 2020 Fertilizer 791.22 1,028.22 Petrochemicals 295.00 708.00 Ceramic 133.95 134.68 Steel 80.00 120.00 Glassware 28.38 28.60 Glass 81.19 81.19 Cement 9.00 10.00 Rubber Gloves 4.67 4.70
in million metric standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd) Source: Forum Industri Pengguna Gas Bumi
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• Advantageous effect of nuclear heat supply is to reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission.
• This study will hopefully useful to contribute feedback to stakeholders about nuclear heat source that can increasing efficiency of ammonia and urea production as well as hydrogen as energy source in the future.
• HEEP Programme will be used also as an analysis tool to economic evaluation of hydrogen production
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Most centers of Indonesian gas production are located offshore. The largest of these are: 1. Arun, Aceh (Sumatra) 2. Bontang (East Kalimantan) 3. Tangguh (Papua) 4. Natuna Island
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Gas Demand Projection for Fertilizers Industry
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Conventional ammonia production process
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Hydrogen is used in the manufacture of two of the most important chemical compounds made industrially, ammonia and methanol. It is also used in the refining of oil, for example in reforming, one of the processes for obtaining high grade petrol and in removing sulfur compounds from petroleum which would otherwise poison the catalytic converters fitted to cars.
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Indonesian industrial hydrogen price
• In Indonesia, the price of hydrogen gas for industrial using (e.g. ammonia and fertilizer plant, petroleum and petrochemical industry) is regulated by the government
• in 2017, the government is managed to regulate the price ranging USD 8-10/MMBTU
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10 MWth/3 Mwe He 250/750 C Steam 145/520 C
RDE
HTGR Type Pebble Bed Reactor Refer to HTR-Module design
Electricity
Process Heat
R&D HTGR
RDE will produce electricity
RDE will be used for R&D of process heat application such as H2 Prod, Desalination, EOR, etc
R&D related to HTGR Technology for development of design and construction of Indonesia HTGR
To support Nuclear Hydrogen production
BATAN have also experiment to produce kernel of coated particles, experiment to produce hydrogen by IS Method and assessment of nuclear hydrogen production by SMR
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CONCLUSION
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• To overcome the energy deficit to meet the needs of electricity and industrial process heat and it also to overcome environmental pollution due to the use of fossil fuel (coal, oil and gas), nuclear cogeneration absolutely should be applied.
• Nuclear can be an alternative sustainable energy source (fuel) for hydrogen generation
• Cogeneration system will reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission
• Very promosing system that can be replace the fuel of SMR and reduced the pollution
• Some difficulties encountered in the application of HEEP, because we have to design reactor, because it need some input data such as : Initial fuel load, annual fuel feed, capital cost, fuel cost, Decomisioning cost etc, besides it for steam methane reforming data, I can not get because confidential of company
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