smr application study in indonesia: case study for
TRANSCRIPT
NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
* Presented at the TM/WS on Topical Issues on Infrastructure Development:
Managing the development of a national infrastructure for Nuclear Power Plants 24-27 January 2012
Board Room, Vienna International Centre, Austria
SMR APPLICATION STUDY in INDONESIA:
case study for Kalimantan Site*
Yohannes Sardjono Centre for Accelerator and Material Process Technology
Jl. Babarsari Yogyakarta INDONESIA T.: 62-274-488435/484436, F.:62-274-487824, email:[email protected]
Indonesia
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICITY
ENERGY DEMAND
ROLE OF ENERGY AND MINERAL SECTOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY CENTRAL KALIMANTAN CASE STUDY OF
NUCLEAR ENERGY – THE NEED TO SUPPORT ELECTRICITY AND MINING INDUSTRY
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SMR SUMMARY Appendix: Questionnaire for a Potential
Country- User of SMR
1. National Condition of
Electricity
Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
KALIMANATAN SUMATERA MALUKU & PAPUA SULAWESI
BALI, WEST & EAST NUSA TENGGARA JAVA
6
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Electrification ratio
8% 16% 28% 43% 53% 62% 63% 64.34% 65,10% 65,79%
Tahun
NAD 89,81%
Sumut 76,92%
Sumbar 70,54%
Riau + Kepri 59,98%
Sumsel 55,96%
Bengkulu 59,64%
Babel 65,98%
Lampung 53,36%
Jakarta 100%
Banten 69,89%
Jabar 66,61% Jateng
69,17%
Jambi 57,92%
Jogya 76,59%
Jatim 64,38%
Bali 73,24%
NTB 32.79%
NTT 28,56%
Kalbar 54,96%
Kalteng 51,06%
Kalsel 67,32%
Kaltim 70.59%
Sulut 63,35%
Gorontalo 45,36%
Sulteng 52,60%
Sultra 47,19%
Sulsel 68,19%
Malut 59,13%
Maluku 68,23%
Papua + Irjabar 31,86%
Category : > 60 %
41 - 60 %
20 - 40 %
Sulbar 36,89%
NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRIFICATION RATIO (2009)
1152
.4
1152
.4
0.0
DM BP BL
SUMBAGUT
1739
,5
1706
,9
33,2
DM BP
SUMBAGSEL
BL
123,
90
120,
00
DM BP BL
PONTIANAK
11,20
15,95
-4,7
5
DM BP
TERNATE
BL
159,
20
157,
80
1,40
DM BP
MINAHASA
BL
45,3 0 52,00
-6
,70 DM BP
PALU
BL
423,
60
540
-116
,40
DM BP
SULSEL
BL
33,80
38,00
-4,2
0
DM BP
KENDARI
BL
22,5
5
35,6
0
-13,
05
DM BP
AMBON
BL
37,70
40,93
-3,2
3
DM BP
JAYAPURA
BL
30,9
0
30,7
0 0,20
DM BP
KUPANG
BL
82,3
5
109,
66
-27,
31
DM BP
LOMBOK
BL
21.5
11
17.2
11
4.30
0
DM BP BL
JAMALI
223,
26
223,
00
0,26
DM BP
MAHAKAM
BL
21,4
0
19,03
2,37
DM BP
BELITUNG
BL
235,
00
202,
10
32,9
0
DM BP
BATAM
BL
16,95
16,95
0,00
DM BP BL
SAMPIT
LEGEND: DM : Available capacity, MW BP : Peak load, MW BL : Balance (=DM-BP), MW
Normal Attention Deficit
242,2
0
242,2
0
0,00
DM BP BL
BARITO
29,0
38,0
TJ PINANG
9,0
11
43,9
5
48,2
8
-4,3
3
DM BP
BANGKA
BL 11
42,8
4
43,0
0
0,16
DM BP
SINGKAWANG
BL
20,1
0
15,8
0 4,30
DM BP
BONTANG
BL
31,3 5 32,8 0 -1
,45
DM BP
GORONTALO
BL
5,02
6,73
1,71
DM BP
POSO
BL 3,
90
11
NATIONAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (2010)
BL
8
Grissik Palembang
Semarang
Pacific Ocean
AUSTRALIA
Indian Ocean
Bangkok
Phnom Penh
Ban Mabtapud
Ho Chi Minh City
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
THAILAND LAOS
Khanon
Songkhla
Erawan
Bangkot
Lawit Jerneh
WEST MALAYSIA
Penang
Kerteh
Kuala Lumpur
Manila
Philipines South
China
Sea
Natuna Alpha
Kota Kinibalu BRUNEI
Bandara Seri Begawan
Bintulu EAST
MALAYSIA
Kuching
Banda Aceh
Lhokseumawe
Medan
Duri
Padang
Jambi
Bintan SINGAPORE
Samarinda
Balikpapan
Bontang
Attaka Tunu
Bekapai KALIMANTAN
Banjarmasin
Manado
SULAWESI
Ujung Pandang
BURU SERAM
Ternate HALMAHERA
Sorong
IRIAN JAYA
Jakarta J A V A
Surabaya Bangkalan
BALI SUMBAWA
Pagerungan
LOMBOK
FLORES
SUMBA TIMOR
I N D O N E S I A
Duyong West Natuna
Port Dickson
Port Klang
Mogpu
Dumai
Batam
Guntong
MADURA
Jamali : • Power plant : 23.009 MW • 500 kV: 5,048 kms • 150 kV: 12,234 kms • 70 kV: 3,671 kms • JTM : 128.364 kms • JTR : 217.912 kms
Sumatera : •Power plant : 4.948 MW • 275 kV: 782 kms • 150 kV: 8,572 kms • 70 kV: 334 kms • JTM : 72.131 kms • JTR : 77.431 kms
Kalimantan : • Power plant : 1.175 MW • 150 kV: 1,305 kms • 70 kV: 123 kms • JTM : 23.695 kms • JTR : 21.441 kms
Sulawesi : • Power plant: 1.195 MW • 150 kV: 1.957 kms • 70 kV: 505 kms • JTM : 23.017 kms • JTR : 23.795 kms
Jayapura
Merauke Nusa Tenggara: •Power plant : 265 MW • JTM : 7.473 kms • JTR : 7.315 kms
Maluku : • Power plant : 185 MW • JTM : 4.484 kms • JTR : 2.337 kms
Papua : • Power plant : 168 MW • JTM : 1.999 kms • JTR : 3.531 kms
•Status:Feb 2010
NATIONAL CONDITION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OF ELECTRICITY (2010)
: Existing transmission
: Planned transmission
: Power plant
TOTAL • Power plant : 30,941 MW • Distribution lines: - 500 KV : 5,092 kms - 275 KV : 782 kms - 150 KV : 23,679 kms - 70 KV : 4,619 kms - JTM : 261,163 kms - JTR : 353,762 kms
2. Energy Demand:
- Electricity
- Industry
Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development
3. Role of Energy and Mineral
Sectors
15
15
COAL ELECTRICITY PLANT LOCATION
Bengkulu
Bangka
Sumsel-Lampung
Pontianak
Banjarmasin
Tarakan
Minahasa
Kotamobagu
Palu Sorong
B-Aceh
Medan
Padang
Bima Sumbawa
Kupang
Ambon Serui
Gorontalo
Jayapura
PLTU Pacitan 2x300 MW
PLTU Bone 2x50 MW
PLTU Meulaboh 2x100 MW
PLTU Asam-asam 2x65 MW
PLTU Indramayu 2x300 MW PLTU Tarahan Baru
2x100 MW
PLTU Pontianak 2x25 MW
PLTU Kendari 2x10 MW
PLTU Labuan 1x300 MW
PLTU Palangkaraya 2x65 MW
PLTU Sulut Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Gorontalo Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Bima 2x7 MW
PLTU Jayapura Baru 2x10 MW
PLTU Sibolga Baru 2x100 MW
PLTU Sumbar Pesisir Selatan 2x100 MW
PLTU Mantung 2x10 MW
PLTU Bengkalis 2x7 MW
PLTU Tanjung Balai Karimun Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Ende 2x7 MW
PLTU Ambon Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Ternate Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Suralaya Baru 2x660 MW
PLTU Teluk Naga 2x300 MW
PLTU Tj Jati Baru 1x600 MW
PLTU Pel Ratu 1x300 MW
PLTU Paiton Baru 2x660 MW
PLTU Singkawang 2x50 MW
PLTU Sampit Baru 2x7 MW
PLTU Medan Baru 2x100 MW
PLTU Air Anyer 2x10 MW
PLTU Bangka Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Belitung Baru 2x15 MW
PLTU Selat Panjang 2x5 MW
PLTU Amurang Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Lombok Baru 2x25 MW
PLTU Kupang Baru 2x15 MW
PLTU Timika 2x7 MW
Total : 10.000 MW
PLTU Awar-Awar 2x300 MW
PLTU Rembang 2x300 MW
Under process Tender Will be Tender
Mahakam
Dr. Yogo Pratomo, chaiman of team accelaration coal 10000 MWe
In the near term need CZ: 50 MWe
In the near term Need CZ: 300 MWe
In the near term need CZ: 500 Mwe
1000 – 1500 MWe
Law on Electricity • Provision and utilization of renewable energy should be increased by central
and local governments in accordance to their given authorities; • Provision and utilization of renewable energy will get incentives from central
and local governments for certain period until it reaches economical development stage;
• Allowing private sector and community to operate (in addition to PLN), distribute and sell electricity directly to the consumer in certain area;
• Giving priority to renewable energy resources for electricity generation (subject to economic feasibility)
• In addition to central government subsidy, local governments may provide subsidy within their region;
• Allowing regional energy price • Export/import of electricity
16
4 Renewable Energy for
Electricity
2010
5. Case Study of Nuclear Energy
Need to Support Electricity
and Mining Industry and etc.
20
Spatial Profile of Kalimantan Tengah
Situated in the middle of the Asia Pacific Region, thus, with its tropical forest
often called as: the lung of the World
Total area : 153.567 Km2 (about 1.5x Java island)
Situated in the equator line at 00 45' N to 30 30' S and 1110
to 1160 E
Population 2010 : 2.202 million
Density: 14 person/km2
21
13 Districts 1 Municipality
129 Sub-districts, 1.480 Villages
Murung Raya
Barito Utara
Barito Selatan
Barito Timur
Kapuas
Pulang Pisau
Katingan Ktw Timur
Seruyan
Ktw Barat
Sukamara
Lamandau
Palangka Raya
Gunung Mas
Nickel
Bauxite
CGA Tayan Project (Bauxite processing into CGA)
Capacity: 300,000 ton of CGA pa (1st need 100 MWe)
SGA Mempawah Project (Bauxite processing into SGA)
Capacity: 1 million metric ton of SGA pa ( 1st need 300 MWe)
FeNi Mandiodo Project (Nickel)
Capacity: 120,000 ton of FENI papre Iron
South Kalimantan Sponge Iron Project/Meratus Jaya Iron and Steel
(Ironmaking smelter) Capacity: 315,000 ton of sponge iron pa
Energy for National Mining Industry Development Projects
FeNi Halmahera Project (Ferronickel)
Capacity: 27,000 TNi pa
Steel Plant (undef FS and 1 st need 500 MWe)
Zircon Plant (under pre-FS and 1st need 500 MWe)
35
INDONESIAINDONESIA’’S RADIOACTIVE RESOURCES 2004S RADIOACTIVE RESOURCES 2004
Legend
Map of Radioactive Mineral Resources in Indonesia until the year 2004
Regions with speculative resources (DSS)
Regions with indicated resources (DSB)Potential regions U
Potential regions Th
24
L
6.Technical Requirements of SMR
Power Reactor
Non-Power Reactor
Nuclear Reactor
Commercial
Non-Commercial
Commercial
Non-Commercial
Proven Technology)
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
7.2 NPP Provenness
7.2.1 The Supplier should ensure the provenness of the proposed NPP covering overall system and elements
The element includes components, plant structures, design and analysis techniques, maintainability and operability features and construction Techniques
7.2.2 The overall proven NPP system should be concluded from minimum three years of operation of reference NPP as a commercial plant with a good operational record.
According to government regulation No. 43, 2006 the reference plant has 3 years operation as a commercial plant with minimum average capacity factor of 75%.
USER CONSIDERATION DOCUMENT (UCD – INDONESIA)
Number Requirement Rationale/Explanation
7. Conclusion/Summary
2008 Technology Assessment Workshop 31
Indonesia needs an increased IAEA role to facilitate the deployment of nuclear power plant in Central Kalimantan through:
Advisory and evaluation of site selection study documents Facilitate technical communication between Indonesia as a user
with nuclear technology developers Provide a generic technology assessment methodology Evaluation on preparing basic infrastructure Facilitate technical visits of international experts to brief Indonesian
nuclear stake holders on commercially available reactor technology Inform Indonesian authority on related Seminars and workshops Evaluation of URD and BID documents Public acceptance
EXPECTATION AS AN IAEA MEMBER STATES
2008 Technology Assessment Workshop 32
Current National average electrification ratio < 70%. Electricity demand should be satisfied by new and renewable
energy: Future target, 3.9 % hydro, 4.8 % bio fuel, 2.5 % geothermal, 1.9 % biomass, 0.3 % nuclear, 0.05 % photo voltaic and 0.005 % wind.
Average electrification ratio in out of Java < 50 % (i.e. Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, Maluku, East and West Nusa Tenggara).
Inter islands electricity transmission need to be added According to the local geography condition, SMR will satisfy the
needs in out of Java islands especially in Central Kalimantan Province.
SUMMARY
33
Appendix : Questionnaire for a potential Country- User of SMR:
1) Country’s population: present-day (including the seasonal variations) and prognosis up to 2050?
• 2010 Province’ population is 2,212,089 person • 2050 Projection number is 4,575,723 person. 2) Country’s GNI (Gross National Income) per capita: present-day and prognosis up to
2050? • Province’s Gross Domestic Income Per Capita (current price) INA Rp. 19,242,990 (2010) • Province’s Gross Domestic Income Per Capita (constant price) INA Rp. 8,493,770 (2010) • Prognosis for 2050 (current price) US $ 49,000.00 (based on MP3EI for 2045 projection) 3) Country’s energy consumption per capita: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to
2050? • Energy Consumption per capita in 2010 is 45 KwH per month • Energy Consumption per capita in 2050 is ……….(note: no data from Distamben or PLN but
may be projected using rule of thumb based on PDRB per capita figure and average trend in electric consumption)
4. Country’s total energy consumption: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to 2050?
• Total energy consumption in 2010 (internal province only) 426,313,476 Kwh
• Prognosis for 2050 not available yet 5. Country’s fresh water consumption per capita: present-day,
necessary and prognosis up to 2050? • No available data 6. Description of the energy consumers: what kind of the energy
they consume (electricity, high-temperature or low-temperature heat, desalination), their capacities and dispersion?
• Electricity for households, services (hotel, restaurant) and industrial sectors
7. Load diagrams: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to 2050? • Current (2010) load is 93 MW • Prognosis for 2050 …….. MW 8. Scope of fuel and electricity import: present-day and prognosis up
to 2050? • Nationally, the rough figure is 10,139,983 Kiloliter (or barrel???) 9. Country’s total electricity generating capacity? • National figure is 158,724 MW • Provincial figure is 159.251 MW
10. Whether the country’s generating units compose the single electricity generating system or they compose the several separated (not communicated) electricity generating systems?
• Total generated power capacity in 2010 is 159,251 MW Under Barito Grid system (connecting part of Central Kalimantan with South
Kalimantan) is about 30% of total generated – Medium Isolated System is about 23% of total generated – Small and rural system is about 47%
11. Capacity of the each electricity generating system? The structure of the
electricity price and tariffs? • Around 60% of generated power is from diesel generator with cost INA
Rp.2,600.00 per KwH • From coal based power plant the cost is INA Rp.1,300.00 while from renewable
hydro power plant, the cost is about INA Rp.850.00 per KwH • Selling price/subsidized in average (progressive system) is INA Rp. 650.00 per KwH
12. Description of the electrical and water networks: their length, capacity and condition?
• Low voltage transmission 1,661 km • Medium voltage transmission 2,132 km 13. Input of the each electricity generating system’s region to the country’s
economics (GNI et al): present-day and prognosis up to 2050? • Share of electricity to Gross Regional Domestic Product is 0.46% (current price) or
0.27% (constant price) 14. Significant units of the each electricity generating system: plant type (gas-
fired plant, coal-fuelled plant, hydro power plant and so on), power, calendar age, replacement age?
• Hydro power plant is more than 30 years old, almost all of diesel generators are beyond the economical period.
15. Anticipated increase in electric energy demand in the region of the each electricity generating system up to 2050 (due to the increase in country’s population, the necessity to increase the electricity consumption per capita, the growth of industry and tourism)?
• The estimation for province level is 36,270 MW 16. The reservation scope of the energy sources in the region of the each electricity generating
system: present-day, necessary and prognosis up to 2050? • Low rank coal for power plant is predicted to be last within the next 25 years while oil deposit
will vanish in 20 years 17. Whether the country has some regions with the abnormally high prices of the electricity
(due to their location: remote or isolated, e.g. island)? • The current consumer selling price (average) is INA Rp 650.00 per KWH but the average
generating cost per KWH is INA Rp.1,300.00 18. Electricity price and anticipated electric energy demand in the each region with the
abnormally high prices of the electricity? • Some small and medium power plant are diesel generated, very expensive and very hard to
operate since they all need subsidy from government budget
19. Availability of the economically acceptable fields (of gas or coal) or ways to import hydrocarbon fuel?
• Not really acceptable since it will put a heavy pressure to the limited development budget 20. Availability of increase in СО2 contamination of air in the frame of Kyoto Treaty’s quota
namely for the country? • Not applicable at provincial level 21. Availability of the economically acceptable resources for the hydro power plants? • There are some potential sites for hydro power plant at medium level and the ultimate idea
is to connect all possible and feasible power plants into one array of Kalimantan grid system 22. Availability of the economically acceptable resources for the alternative power plants
(solar energy, wind, geothermal energy and so on)? • Available to have solar and wind energy power plant in small scale and scattered areas 23. Availability of the economically acceptable ways to import the electricity? • Not available since it is more possible to generate the power domestically
24. Whether there are any prohibitions or limitations concerning the construction and operation of the nuclear power units in the legislation of the country?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level 25. Whether there is the necessary institutional basis for the implementation and
development of the nuclear power plants: Government Department or Commission on Nuclear Power and Independent Regulatory Body?
• Not available /applicable at provincial level 26. Whether there is the Nuclear Power Development Strategy in the country? • Not available/applicable at provincial level 27. Whether there are in the country the necessary mathematical models to forecast
and optimize the various branches of the economics, including power engineering?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level
28. Whether there is the necessary infrastructural basis for the implementation and development of the nuclear power plants: industrial, constructional scientific and technical (TSO – Technical Support Organizations)?
• Not available/applicable at provincial level 29. Availability of the economically acceptable resources of the uranium-fields? • There are indication of uranium deposit in Kalimantan (West and Central) but they
are not yet been studied extensively. 30. What is the attitude of the country’ government to the nuclear power
development? • Positive and still continue the research, effort and techno capacity development for
nuclear power program for electricity 31. What is the level of the nuclear power public perception in the country? • Mostly curious especially with widespread news on accidents around the globe
which has no balance information ie. the accidents all had happened with the oldest type or first generation nuclear reactor and nowadays we are on the fourth generation which is far more safe
32. What is the political situation: stability, long-term plans and interests? • Political situation is stable in the long run, long term plan and interest are there to
generate enough electricity to support development activities although concern about safety is still there to be handled gradually
33. What is the sensitivity of the environment to the technogenic loads? • Very light possibility, if there the prediction about impact of climate change are
flood and dry monsoon 34. Whether there are the appropriate sites for the large and medium nuclear power
units in the country? • There are some potential sites (ie far enough from settlements, stable geophysics
and enough construction material supports for medium or small unit 35. Whether there are the appropriate sites for the small nuclear power units in the
country? • See above
36. Whether there are any significant threats for nuclear units: natural phenomena (high seismicity, tsunami danger and so on), acts of terrorism (sabotage, missile bombardment from abroad and so on), technogenic accidents et al?
• Central Kalimantan is free from volcanic activity, geologically, environmentally and socially stable, which is one of the main reason for proposing the province as the site location for nuclear electrical power plant
37. Requirements concerning the physical protection of the nuclear power units and
transportation of the nuclear materials and radioactive substances? • Not yet explored at provincial level 38. Availability of the possibilities to manage and bury the radioactive waste? • Not yet explored at provincial level 39. Preferable type of the interaction with the small nuclear power unit vendor: from buying only
the electricity up to buying the reactor, technology or license? • For provincial level, the interaction through PLG (state’s electricity co) is buying the electricity
from the power plant company 40. Economic and financial possibilities for deployment of small nuclear power units in the
country? • Possible through special loan arrangement ie. from Japan
41. Anticipated attitude of the other states contiguous to the country towards its small nuclear power units: negative, neutral, positive, intention to participate in the construction of these units?
• Positive, all provinces (west, east, south and central) in Kalimantan has agreed to develop the island as the national source for energy and food and the idea of having nuclear power plant is for regional and national use (through grid system), interconnection all provinces in Kalimantan, transmission to Sulawesi and Java island if all source of electrical power plan is well synergized
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