property value
DESCRIPTION
Property Value. Jarred McGinnis. Research Scientist Assistant. May 13, 2002. Motivation. In the component library, There exists entities and events and relations between the two Allows the representation of things that exist and occur - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Property ValueJarred McGinnis
Research Scientist Assistant
May 13, 2002
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Motivation• In the component library, There
exists entities and events and relations between the two
• Allows the representation of things that exist and occur
• The need to express more more developed and richer representations of entities and events
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Outline
I. Property Value BasicsII. Appearance in ShakenIII. ConstraintsIV. Increase and DecreaseV. Open Issues
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Why Properties are not Entities
• Entities are independent• Properties are not independent• Dependent on entities and events• Entities are derived from nouns• Properties arise from adjectives
and adverbs
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InventoryFrom node property To node
Entity age Age-Value
Entity animacy Animacy-Value
Tangible-Entity area Area-Value
Tangible-Entity breakability Breakability-Value
Tangible-Entity brightness Brightness-Value
Tangible-Entity capacity Capacity-Value
Tangible-Entity color Color-Value
Tangible-Entity consistency Consistency-Value
Tangible-Entity density Density-Value
Tangible-Entity depth Depth-Value
Event direction Direction-Value
Event distance Distance-Value
Event duration Duration-Value
Event frequency Frequency-Value
Tangible-Entity height Height-Value
Tangible-Entity integrity Integrity-Value
Tangible-Entity length Length-ValueEvent manner Manner-ValueTangible-Entity mass Mass-ValueChemical-Object pH PH-ValueChemical-Object polarity Polarity-ValueEvent rate Rate-ValueOrganism sentience Sentience-ValueOrganism sex Sex-ValueTangible-Entity shape Shape-ValueTangible-Entity size Size-ValueTangible-Entity smell Smell-ValueTangible-Entity taste Taste-ValueTangible-Entity temperature Temperature-ValueTangible-Entity texture Texture-ValueTangible-Entity thickness Thickness-ValueTangible-Entity volume Volume-ValueTangible-Entity wetness Wetness-ValueTangible-Entity width Width-Value
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Property-Group Hierarchy• Property-Group
– Constant• Age-Constant
– *old
– Property-Value• Age-Value
– Scale• Age-Scale
– *young-old-scale
– Unit of Measurement• UoM-Area
– *square-inch
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Three Kinds of Properties• Cardinal
– (:pair <number> <unit of measurement>)
– Ex: 5o Celsius
• Scalar– (:pair <constant> <class>)– Ex: a truck is wide with respect to cars
• Categorical– (<constant>)– Ex: red shirt
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Scales and Scalars
Cold to Hot scale -(:seq *cold *warm *hot)
Freezing to Boiling scale - (:seq *freezing *cold *warm *hot
*boiling)
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Representation in KM
(*yourshirt has (instance-of (Object))(color ((a Color-Value with
(value (*white)) ))
))• constants go to values, values go to properties
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(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
Single Value with Multiple Representations
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Less than/Greater than/Same as
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)))
(less-than (the temperature of
*myhotwater)))))
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Outline
I. Property Value BasicsII. Appearance in ShakenIII. ConstraintsIV. Increase and DecreaseV. Open Issues
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Appearance in Shaken
• Link a concept to a property value via a property arc
• Add specific information about the property value
• Encode information comparing two property values
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Results of adding Values to a Property
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Comparison of Property Values
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Outline
I. Property Value BasicsII. Appearance in ShakenIII. ConstraintsIV. Increase and DecreaseV. Open Issues
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Constraints
• Syntax – the value formats are legal
• Semantic – the input is meaningful and relevant
• Bounds Checking– The value is within a user defined
range
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Constraints (Context)
(Property-Value has(min-value (constraint . . .(value (constraint . . .(max-value (constraint . . .
)
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Example
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
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Constraints (Syntax)(constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then (
(((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))
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Constraints (Syntax)(constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then (
(((20) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))
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Constraints (Semantic)(temperature has (instance-of (Property))
(superslots ()) (subslots ()) (domain (Tangible-Entity)) (range (Temperature-Value)) (scale-class (Temperature-Scale))
(scalar-constant-class (Temperature-Constant)) (cardinal-unit-class (UoM-Temperature)) (inverse (temperature-of)) (fluent-status (*Inertial-Fluent)) (situation-specific (t)) (cardinality (N-to-N)))
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Property-Group Hierarchy• Property-Group
– Constant• Temperature-Constant
– *hot
– Property-Value• Temperature-Value
– Scale• Temperature-Scale
– *hot-cold-scale
– Unit of Measurement• UoM-Temperature
– *Fahrenheit
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Constraints (Context)
(Property-Value has(property-slot ((the range-of of
(the instance-of of Self)))) (property-of-slot ((the domain-of of
(the instance-of of Self))))(min-value (constraint . . .(value (constraint . . .(max-value (constraint . . .
)
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Example
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (temperature))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and
(oneof (UoM-Temperature) where (It covers (*Celsius)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
• (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
temperature)
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
• (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(Temperature-Constant)
where
(It covers *cold <*hot>)) and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
• (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self))
)))
• (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
(Drink <Ice> is-subsumed-by
Tangible-Entity)
)))
• (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Example(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Valuewith (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)))
(min-value ((:pair –32 *Fahrenheit) (:pair *freezing Drink)))
(max-value ((:pair 173 *Kelvin) (:pair *boiling Drink)))
))))
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Constraints (Bounding)
• Written in Lisp• Determine whether the bounding value
is a cardinal, scalar or non-existent• Returns t if bounds are respected or
value does not exist• Returns nil if bounds are compromised
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Constraints (Bounding, Cardinals)
• Calls Novak conversion program• Compares the values (the value should
be greater than the minimum value but less than the maximum value
• Temperature values require a special function call
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Constraints (Bounding, Scalars)
• Find a value with the same reference class
• Find the first instance of a Scale that contains the constant from the value and bounding value
• Compare the position of each constant in the scale (the value should have a higher position than the min-value but a lower position than the max-value’s constant)
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Outline
I. Property Value BasicsII. Appearance in ShakenIII. ConstraintsIV. Increase and DecreaseV. Open Issues
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Increase/Decrease
• Slots of an Inc/Dec action are an object and a property of that object whose value is to be Inc/Dec
• New value will be greater-than/Less-than the old value
• Unique names for particular Inc/Dec
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Increase / DecreaseProperty (Increase/Decrease)
Age (-/Age)
Area(Contract/Expand)
Brightness(Dim/Brighten)
Length(Shorten/Lengthen)
Temperature(Cool/Heat)
Wetness(Dry/Wet)
Width(Narrow/Widen)
(every Heat has-definition
(instance-of (Increase))
(property (temperature)))
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Increase / Decrease
(*mytea has (instance-of (Substance))
(temperature (*myteatemperature)))
(*myteatemperature has (instance-of (Temperature-Value))
(value ((:pair *cool Substance))))
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Increase / Decrease[_Situation2] KM> (a Increase with (object (*mytea))
(property (temperature)))
(COMMENT: _Increase3 satisfies definition of Heat,)
(COMMENT: so changing _Increase3's classes from (Increase) to (Heat))
(_Increase3 #|"a Heat"|#)
[_Situation2] KM> (do-and-next (thelast Heat))
(_Situation5)
[_Situation5] KM> (the greater-than of (the temperature of *mytea))
(*myteatemperature)
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Outline
I. Property Value BasicsII. Appearance in ShakenIII. ConstraintsIV. Increase and DecreaseV. Open Issues
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Open Issues• Full implementation of Increase and
Decrease– Including integration with Shaken
• User-defined properties, constants, scales and actions that involve properties
• Full implementation of bounding– Back-end support
• Much stronger use of scales– Relating scales to cardinals
• (ex: *hot Drink = ? *Celsius)
– Possibility of a non-inclusive scale– Discrete scales vs. Non
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References
• Ken Barker. Shaken Properties and Values. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/gpd01040201-Properties.html
• Ken Barker. An Inventory of Entity Properties. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/properties.html
• Guarino, Nicola and Welty, Christopher. 2001 Identity and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report 01/2001