property cases midterm

8/10/2019 Property Cases Midterm

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LUIS MARCOS P. LAUREL VS. HON, ZEUS C. ABROGAR etc,et al.G.R. NO. 155076, JANUARY 13, 2009

THEFT

Facts:

Petitioner Luis P. Laurel is !ar"e# $it! t!e ri%e o& t!e&tun#er Artile 30' o& t!e RP(. Un#er t!e &ats,

)etitioner, $it!intent to "ain an# $it!out onsent &ro% P!ili))ine Lon" *istane+ele)!one PL*+-,stole an# use t!e international lon" #istanealls elon"in" to PL*+ / on#utin" nternational

i%)leResale R-, $!i! is a %et!o# o& routin" an# o%)letin"international lon" #istane alls usin"

lines, ales, antennae,an#or air $ae &re4uen/ $!i! onnet #iretl/ to t!e loal or#o%estie!an"e &ailities o& t!e ountr/ $!ere t!e all is#estine#, e&&etiel/ stealin" t!is usiness &ro%

PL*+. Petitioner&ile# a %otion to 4uas!, on t!e "roun# t!at t!e &atualalle"ations in t!e A%en#e#

n&or%ation #o not onstitute t!e&elon/ o& t!e&t. +!e trial ourt #enie# t!e %otion. Petitioners

s)eial iil ation &or ertiorari $as #is%isse# / t!e (ourt o& A))eals. +!us, )etitioner &ile# t!e

instant )etition &or reie$ $it!t!is (ourt.

Issue:

s )etitioners at onstitute t!e&t o& res)on#ent PL*+s usiness an# serie

Ruli!:

"es.

Un#er Artile 30' o& RP(, +!e&t is o%%itte# / an/ )erson $!o, $it! intent to "ain ut $it!out

iolene a"ainst,or inti%i#ation o& )ersons nor &ore u)on t!in"s, s!all ta8e )ersonal )ro)ert/ o&anot!er $it!out t!e latters onsent.

ine t!e )assa"e o& t!e Reise# Penal (o#e on *ee%er ', 1930, t!e ter% )ersonal )ro)ert/ !as

!a# a"enerall/ ae)te# #e&inition in iil la$. n Artile 335 o& t!e (iil (o#e o& )ain, )ersonal)ro)ert/ is #e&ine# as an/t!in" suse)tile o& a))ro)riation an# not inlu#e# in t!e &ore"oin" !a)ter

not real )ro)ert/-. +o a))ro)riate %eans to #e)rie t!e la$&ul o$ner o& t!e t!in". +!e $or# ta8e in

t!e Reise# Penal (o#e inlu#es an/ at inten#e# to trans&er )ossession $!i!, as !el# in t!e assaile#*eision, %a/ e o%%itte# t!rou"! t!e use o& t!e o&&en#ers o$n !an#s, as $ell as an/ %e!anial

#eie, su! as an aess #eie or ar# as in t!e instant ase. n t!e instant ase, t!e at o& on#utin"

R o)erations / ille"all/ onnetin" arious e4ui)%ent or a))aratus to )riate res)on#ent PL*+stele)!one s/ste%, t!rou"! $!i! )etitioner is ale to resell or re:route international lon" #istane alls

usin" res)on#ent PL*+s &ailities onstitutes all t!ree ats o& sutration. +!e ats o& sutration

inlu#e; a- ta%)erin" $it! an/ $ire, %eter, or ot!er a))aratus installe# or use# &or "eneratin", ontainin",on#utin", or %easurin" eletriit/,tele"ra)! or tele)!one serie< - ta))in" or ot!er$ise $ron"&ull/

#e&letin" or ta8in" an/ eletri urrent &ro% su! $ire, %eter, or ot!er a))aratus< an# - usin" or en=o/in" t!e

ene&its o& an/ #eie / %eans o& $!i! one %a/ &rau#ulentl/ otain an/ urrent o& eletriit/ or an/

tele"ra)! or tele)!one serie. +!e usiness o& )roi#in" teleo%%uniation or tele)!one serie isli8e$ise )ersonal )ro)ert/ $!i! an e t!e o=et o& t!e&t un#er Artile 30' o& t!e Reise# Penal

(o#e. >usiness %a/ e a))ro)riate# un#er etion 2 o& At No. 3952>ul8 ales La$-, !ene, oul#

e o=et o& t!e&t;+!ere&ore, t!e usiness o& )roi#in" teleo%%uniation an# t!e tele)!one serie are)ersonal )ro)ert/ un#er Artile 30' o& t!e Reise# Penal (o#e, an# t!e at o& en"a"in" in R is an at

o& sutration )enali?e# un#er sai# artile. @o$eer, t!e A%en#e# n&or%ation #esries t!e t!in"

ta8en as, international lon" #istane alls, an# onl/ later %entions stealin" t!e usiness &ro% PL*+as t!e %anner / $!i! t!e "ain $as #erie# / t!e ause#. n or#er to orret t!is inaura/

o& #esri)tion, t!is ase %ust e re%an#e# to t!e trial ourt an# t!e )roseution #irete# to a%en# t!e

A%en#e# n&or%ation, to learl/ state t!at t!e )ro)ert/ su=et o& t!e t!e&t are t!e series an#


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usiness o& res)on#ent PL*+. Parent!etiall/, t!is a%en#%ent is not neessitate# / a %ista8e in

!ar"in" t!e )ro)er o&&ense, $!i! $oul# !ae alle# &or t!e #is%issal o& t!e in&or%ation un#er Rule

110, etion 1 an# Rule 119, etion 19o& t!e Reise# Rules on (ri%inal Proe#ure. +o e sure, t!e

ri%e is )ro)erl/ #esi"nate# as one o& t!e&t. +!e )ur)ose o& t!e a%en#%ent is si%)l/ to ensure t!at t!eause# is &ull/ an# su&&iientl/ a))raise# o& t!e nature an# ause o& t!e !ar"e a"ainst !i%, an# t!us

"uarantee# o& !is ri"!ts un#er t!e (onstitution.

Ramirez v. Vda. De Ramirez G.R. No. L-27952 February 15, 1982Facts: The deceased was survived by his spouse, 2 grandnephews, and hiscompanion. The administrator submitted a partition to the court which divided theestate into 2: one-half would go to the widow in satisfaction of her legitime; theother half, which is the free portion, would go to the grandnephews; however, 1!of the free portion is charged with the widow"s usufruct and the remaining 2!with a usufruct in favor of the companion. The grandnephews opposed thesubstitution on the ground that the 1stheirs are not related to thesubstituteswithin the 1stdegree.#ssue: $hether the %dei commissary substitution is valid if the substitutes are

related to the companion within one degree.&ecision: '( ruled that the %dei commissary substitution is void. The substitutes)grandnephews* are not related to the companion within one degree. #n e+ect, the'( ruled that one degree means one generation and not one designation.'o, it follows that the %dei commissary can only be either a child or a parent ofthe 1stheir.


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Secretary of Education vs. Heirs of Rufino Dulay (G.R. No.164748, anuary !7, !""6, 48" S#R$ 4%!&

'$#S)On August 3, 1981, the spouses Rufino Dulay, Sr. and Ignacia Vicente Dulay eecuted a deed of donation o!er a

1","""#s$uare#%eter portion of their property in fa!or of the &inistry of 'ducation and (ulture.

)he property *as su+di!ided. On April 13, 1983, a )ransfer (ertificate of )itle *as issued in the na%e of the

&inistry of 'ducation and (ulture, represented +y aurencio (. Ra%el, the Superintendent of Schools of

Isa+ela. -o*e!er, the property *as not used for school purposes and re%ained idle.

So%eti%e in 1988, the D'(S, through its Secretary, started construction of the Rial /ational -igh School

+uilding on a parcel of land it ac$uired fro% Ale0andro eliciano. )he school site *as a+out 2 ilo%eters a*ay

fro% the land donated +y the spouses Dulay.

In a letter to the D'(S Secretary dated August 19, 1994, the spouses Dulay re$uested that the property +e

returned to the% considering that the land *as ne!er used since 1981, or a period of %ore than 13 years. On

August 28, 1994, the 5arangay (ouncil of Rial, Santiago (ity issued Resolution /o. 396 recogniing the right of

the donors to redee% the su+0ect parcel of land +ecause of the D'(S7 failure to utilie it for the intended

purpose. It further resol!ed that the Rial /ational -igh School no longer needed the donated land considering

its distance fro% the %ain ca%pus and the: failure to utilie the property for a long period of ti%e.

On August 31, 1996, the heirs of Dulay, Sr., herein respondents, filed a co%plaint for the re!ocation of the deed

of donation and cancellation of the title, alleging that ;1< there *as a condition in the deed of donation= that the

D'(S, as donee, utilie the su+0ect property for school purposes, that is, the construction of a +uilding to house

the Rial /ational -igh School, ;2< the D'(S did not fulfill the condition and that the land re%ained idle up to the

present, and ;3< the donation inter !i!os *as inofficious, since the late Rufino Dulay, Sr. donated %ore than *hat

he could gi!e +y *ill.

>etitioners, through the Office of the Solicitor ?eneral ;OS?18,"""."" as certified +y its

for%er 5arangay (aptain, esus San uan@11 and ;d< the action of the respondents had prescri+ed. )he OS?

also clai%ed that students planted a portion of the land *ith rice, %ahogany seedlings, and fruit#+earing trees@

the produce *ould then +e sold and the proceeds used for the construction of a school +uilding on the su+0ect

property.

*SS+E)

;1< Bhether or nor the D'(S had co%plied *ith the condition i%posed on the the deed of donation.

;2< Bhether the respondentsC right to see the re!ocation of the deed of donation is already +arred +y

prescription and laches.

HED))he contention of petitioners has no %erit.

As gleaned fro% the (A decision, petitioners failed to pro!e that the donated property *as used for school

purposes as indicated in the deed of donation=

Be find it difficult to sustain that the defendant#appellants ha!e co%plied *ith the condition of donation. It is not

a%iss to state that other than the +are allegation of the defendant#appellants, there is nothing in the records that

could concretely pro!e that the condition of donation has +een co%plied *ith +y the defendant#appellants. In the

sa%e +readth, the planting of palay on the land donated can hardly +e considered and could not ha!e +een the

school purposes referred to and intended +y the donors *hen they had donated the land in $uestion. Also, the

posture of the defendant#appellants that the land donated is +eing used as technology and ho%e econo%ics
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la+oratory of the Rial /ational -igh School is far fro% +eing the truth considering that not only is the said school

located t*o ilo%eters a*ay fro% the land donated +ut also there *as not e!en a single classroo% +uilt on the

land donated that *ould reasona+ly indicate that, indeed, classes ha!e +een conducted therein. )hese

o+ser!ations, together *ith the unre+utted ocular inspection report %ade +y the trial court *hich re!ealed that

the land donated re%ains idle and *ithout any i%pro!e%ent thereon for %ore than a decade since the ti%e of

the donation, gi!e s no other alternati!e +ut to conclude that the defendant#appellants ha!e, indeed, failed to

co%ply *ith *hat is incu%+ent upon the% in the deed of donation.

)he right to see the re!ocation of donation had not yet prescri+ed *hen respondents filed their co%plaint

Anent the second issue, *e re0ect the contention of the OS? that respondents7 cause of action is already +arred

+y prescription under Article 6E4 of the /e* (i!il (ode, or four years fro% the non#co%pliance *ith the condition

in the deed of donation. Since such failure to co%ply *ith the condition of utiliing the property for school

purposes +eca%e %anifest so%eti%e in 1988 *hen the D'(S utilied another property for the construction of

the school +uilding, the four#year prescripti!e period did not co%%ence on such date. >etitioner *as gi!en %ore

than enough ti%e to co%ply *ith the condition, and it cannot +e allo*ed to use this fact to its ad!antage. It %ust

+e stressed that the donation is onerous +ecause the D'(S, as donee, *as +urdened *ith the o+ligation to

utilie the land donated for school purposes. nder Article 633 of the /e* (i!il (ode, a donation with an

onerous cause is essentially a contract and is thus governed by the rules on contract.


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Ofe o! "#e $i"y %ayor o! &ara'a(ue $i"y v). *bio+G.R. No. 17811 ue2/, 2010B

espondents %led an action for in/unction with an application for the issuance of a

writ of preliminary in/unction to prevent the local government of 0araaue (ityfrom proceeding with the construction of an access road that will traverse througha parcel of land which they claim is owned by them by virtue of acuisitiveprescription.BThey assert that their predecessor-in-interest, 0edro3itale4,had occupied and possessed the sub/ect lot )an al luvialdeposit of the (ut-cut cree5* as early as 16!7.B#n 1689, respondent ario bio secured a permit from the localgovernment of 0araaue for the construction of their family dwelling on

the said lot.B#n 1688, 0edro e


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SPS. MANUEL AN# VICTORIA G.R. N$. %&'()*SALIMBANGON, Petitioners, Present;

(ar)io, J., (!air)erson,

: ersus : >rion, *el (astillo,

Aa#, an#

Pere?, JJ.

SPS. SANTOS AN# ERLIN#A TAN,

Res)on#ents. Pro%ul"ate#;

Januar/ 20, 2010

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

DECISION

ABA#,J.;

+!is ase is aout t!e a#%issiilit/ o& testi%on/ t!at ten#s to %o#i&/ a $ritten a"ree%ent a%on" t!e

)arties an# t!e etintion o& t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ u)on onsoli#ation in one )erson o& t!e

o$ners!i) o& t!e #o%inant an# t!e serient estates.

T+e Facts a t+e Case

Guiller%o (eni?a #ie# intestate on Jul/ 11, 1951, leain" a )arel o& lan# at

Polaion, Ean#aue (it/. +$ent/ /ears later on Jul/ 17, 1973 !is !il#ren >ene#ita, Guiller%o, Jr.,

Fitoria, #uar#o, an# (arlos eeute# an etra=u#iial #elaration o& !eirs an# )artition, a#=u#iatin"

an# #ii#in" t!e lan# a%on" t!e%seles as &ollo$s;

%. T$ Beeicta T. Ca-a+u!, L$t A su-ect t$ a /e0/etual a !0at1u2it$us 0$a

0i!+t $3 4a5 %.'* 6. 4ie al$! its N7. -$ua05 i 3a8$0 $3 L$ts B, E, a #, $3

t+e su-i8isi$9

(. T$ Eua0$ Ceia, L$t B su-ect t$ a /e0/etual a !0at1u2it$us 0$a 0i!+t$3 4a5 %.'* 6. 4ie al$! its S7. -$ua05 i 3a8$0 $3 L$ts A, # ; E $3 t+e

su-i8isi$9


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'. T$ Vict$0ia Ceia, L$t E, su-ect t$ a /e0/etual a !0at1u2it$us 0$a 0i!+t

$3 4a5 %.'* 6. 4ie al$! its S7. -$ua05 i 3a8$0 $3 L$t # $3 t+e su-i8isi$. H1I

Lots A, >, an# ( $ere a#=aent to a it/ street. >ut Lots * an# $ere not, t!e/ ein" interior lots. +o

"ie t!ese interior lots aess to t!e street, t!e !eirs estalis!e# in t!eir etra=u#iial )artition an

ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ onsistin" o& a 3:%eter $i#e alle/ et$een Lots * an# t!at ontinue# on

et$een Lots A an# > an# on to t!e street. +!e )artition t!at e%o#ie# t!is ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/

$as annotate# on t!e in#ii#ual titles issue# to t!e !eirs.

Rou"!l/, t!e lots inlu#in" t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ $oul# ta8e t!e &ollo$in" on&i"urations,

H2Inot #ra$n !ere to aurate si?e an# )ro)ortion ut illustratie o& t!eir relatie loations;

>ut, reali?in" t!at t!e )artition resulte# in an une4ual #iision o& t!e )ro)ert/, t!e !eirs %o#i&ie# t!eir

a"ree%ent / eli%inatin" t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ alon" Lots A, *, an# , an# in its )lae,

i%)ose# a 3:%eter $i#e alle/, an ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/, t!at ran elusiel/ alon" t!e sout!$est

oun#ar/ o& Lot > &ro% Lots * an# to t!e street.H3I +!us;

Fitoria no$ )etitioner Fitoria ali%an"on- later s$a))e# lots $it! >ene#ita $it! t!e result t!at

Fitoria ea%e t!e o$ner o& Lot A, one o& t!e t!ree lots a#=aent to t!e it/ street. Fitoria an# !er

!usan# t!e ali%an"ons- onstrute# a resi#ential !ouse on t!is lot an# uilt t$o "ara"es on it. One

"ara"e autte# t!e street $!ile t!e ot!er, loate# in t!e interior o& Lot A, use# t!e alle/ or ease%ent o&

ri"!t o& $a/ eistin" on Lot > to "et to t!e street. Fitoria !a# t!is alle/ e%ente# an# "ate#.use4uentl/, !o$eer, res)on#ent s)ouses antos an# rlin#a +an t!e +ans- ou"!t Lots >, (, *, an#

&ro% all t!eir o$ners. +!e +ans uilt i%)roe%ents on Lot > t!at s)ille# into t!e ease%ent

area. +!e/ also lose# t!e "ate t!at t!e ali%an"ons uilt. Unale to use t!e ol# ri"!t o& $a/, t!e

ali%an"ons lo#"e# a o%)laint $it! t!e (it/ n"ineer o& Ean#aue a"ainst t!e +ans. Cor t!eir )art,

t!e +ans &ile# an ation $it! t!e Re"ional +rial (ourt R+(- o& Ean#aue a"ainst t!e ali%an"ons in

(iil (ase EAN:3223 &or t!e etin"uis!%ent o& t!e ease%ent on Lot > an# #a%a"es $it! a))liation

&or )reli%inar/ in=untion.HI +!e ali%an"ons &ile# t!eir ans$er $it! ounterlai%s.

A&ter !earin" or on Ceruar/ 9, 2001 t!e R+( ren#ere# =u#"%ent, u)!ol#in" t!e ali%an"ons

ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ oer t!e alle/ on Lot >, t!e lot t!at elon"e# to t!e +ans. +!e ourt )ointe#

out t!at t!e ease%ent in t!is ase $as estalis!e# / a"ree%ent o& t!e )arties &or t!e ene&it o& Lots A,

*, an# . (onse4uentl/, onl/ / %utual a"ree%ent o& t!e )arties oul# su! ease%ent e

etin"uis!e#. +!e R+( #eline#, !o$eer, to a$ar# #a%a"es to t!e ali%an"ons.
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/185240.htm#_ftn4


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>ot! )arties a))eale# to t!e (ourt o& A))eals (A- in (A:G.R. (F 736'. On Jul/ 27, 2007 t!e

(AH5Ireerse# t!e R+( #eision, etin"uis!e# t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ estalis!e# on t!e alle/ in

Lot > o& t!e +ans, an# #enie# t!e ali%an"ons lai% &or #a%a"es. +!e ourt rule# t!at ase# on t!e

testi%on/ o& one o& t!e )reious o$ners, #uar#o (eni?a, t!e true intent o& t!e )arties $as to estalis!

t!at ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ &or t!e ene&it o& t!e interior lots, na%el/, Lots * an# . (onse4uentl/,

$!en o$ners!i) o& Lots >, *, an# $as onsoli#ate# into t!e +ans, t!e ease%ent ease# to !ae an/

)ur)ose an# ea%e etint. +!e ali%an"ons &ile# a %otion &or reonsi#eration ut t!e (A #enie#

t!e sa%e in its resolution o& Otoer 1, 200'. +!is )ro%)te# t!e% to &ile t!e )resent )etition.

>uesti$s P0esete

+$o 4uestions are )resente#;

1. !et!er or not t!e (A erre# in a#%ittin" in ei#ene ontrar/ to t!e )arol ei#ene rule #uar#o

(eni?as testi%on/ res)etin" t!e true intent o& t!e !eirs in estalis!in" t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ asa"ainst $!at t!e/ state# in t!eir $ritten a"ree%ent< an#

2. !et!er or not t!e (A erre# in rulin" t!at t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ estalis!e# / t!e

)artition a"ree%ent a%on" t!e !eirs &or t!e ene&it o& Lot A !as een etin"uis!e#.

T+e C$u0t?s Ruli!

Oe. +!e ali%an"ons )oint out t!at t!e (A ou"!t to !ae re=ete# #uar#o (eni?as testi%on/ t!at

t!e !eirs !a# inten#e# to estalis! t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ solel/ &or t!e ene&it o& t!e interior

Lots * an# $!i! !a# no aess to t!e it/ street. +!e )artition a"ree%ent also %a#e Lot A, no$

o$ne# / t!e ali%an"ons, a ene&iiar/ o& t!at ease%ent. +!us;

(. T$ Eua0$ Ceia 1$4 t+e Tas2, L$t B su-ect t$ a /e0/etual a

!0at1u2it$us 0$a 0i!+t $3 4a5 %.'* 6. 4ie al$! its S7. -$ua05 i 3a8$0 $3

L$ts A, # ; E $3 t+e su-i8isi$9H6IUn#ersorin" su))lie#-

+!e )arol ei#ene rule, sai# t!e ali%an"ons, )relu#e# t!e )arties &ro% intro#uin" testi%on/ t!at

ten#e# to alter or %o#i&/ $!at t!e )arties !a# a"ree# on aoe.

>ut t!e elusionar/ )roision o& t!e )arol ei#ene rule a#%its o& ee)tions. etion 9, Rule 130 o&

t!e Reise# Rules on i#ene states;

Sec. @.Evidence of written agreements. 7+e t+e te06s $3 a a!0ee6et +a8e -ee0euce t$ 40iti!, it is c$sie0e as c$taii! all t+e te06s a!0ee u/$ a

t+e0e ca -e, -et4ee t+e /a0ties a t+ei0 success$0s i ite0est, $ e8iece $3

suc+ te06s $t+e0 t+a t+e c$tets $3 t+e 40itte a!0ee6et. H$4e8e0, a /a0t5

6a5 /0eset e8iece t$ 6$i35, e/lai $0 a t$ t+e te06s $3 t+e 40itte

a!0ee6et i3 +e /uts i issue i +is /leai!:

aD A it0isic a6-i!uit5, 6istae $0 i6/e03ecti$ i t+e 40itte a!0ee6et9
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-D T+e 3ailu0e $3 t+e 40itte a!0ee6et t$ e/0ess t+e t0ue itet a

a!0ee6et $3 t+e /a0ties t+e0et$9

cD T+e 8aliit5 $3 t+e 40itte a!0ee6et9 $0

D T+e eistece $3 $t+e0 te06s a!0ee t$ -5 t+e /a0ties $0 t+ei0 success$0s i

ite0est a3te0 t+e eecuti$ $3 t+e 40itte a!0ee6et.

T+e te06 a!0ee6et iclues 4ills. aD

@ere, t!e +ans !a# )ut in issue t!e true intent an# a"ree%ent o& t!e )arties to t!e )artition $!en t!e/

alle"e# in t!eir o%)laint t!at, ontrar/ to $!at )ara"ra)! 2 4uote# aoe see%s to i%)l/, t!e

ease%ent $as atuall/ &or t!e ene&it o& Lots * an# onl/. +!e o%)laint t!us sai#;

S$ t+at i t+e sa6e /a0titi$ ist0u6et, t+e sai +ei0s 8$luta0il5 a!0ee t$

esta-lis+ t+e s$calle /e0/etual a !0atuit$us ease6et $3 0$a 0i!+t $3 4a5

al$! LOT A, 4it+ %.'* 6ete0s 4ie a al$! LOT B, 4it+ t+e sa6e %.'* 6ete0s

4ie.

Ue0staa-l5, t+is se08itue 8$luta0il5 c$stitute $ LOTS A a B 4as+a 3$0 t+e -ee3it a use -5 t+e $4e0s $3 LOTS # Guille06$ Ceia, =0.D a

E e3eat Vict$0ia Ceia Sali6-a!$D.H7IUn#ersorin" su))lie#-

(onse4uentl/, $it! t!e aoe aer%ent, t!e +ans $ere entitle# to intro#ue ei#ene to estalis! t!e

true intent an# a"ree%ent o& t!e )arties alt!ou"! t!is %a/ #e)art &ro% $!at t!e )artition a"ree%ent

literall/ )roi#e#.

At an/ rate, as t!e (A sai#, t!e ali%an"ons #i# not o=et at t!e !earin" to a#%ission o& #uar#o

(eni?as testi%on/ een $!en t!is see%e# at ariane, as &ar as t!e/ $ere onerne#, $it! t!e )artition

a"ree%ent a%on" t!e !eirs. (onse4uentl/, t!e ali%an"ons %a/ also e #ee%e# to !ae $aie# t!eirri"!t to no$ 4uestion su! testi%on/ on a))eal.

T4$. +!e ali%an"ons )oint out t!at t!e )artition a"ree%ent a%on" t!e !eirs estalis!e# in t!eir

&aor, as o$ners o& Lot A, an ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ on Lot > &ro% t!e interior o& t!eir lot to t!e it/

street. ine t!eirs $as an ease%ent estalis!e# / a"ree%ent o& t!e )arties, onl/ / %utual a"ree%ent

oul# t!e sa%e e etin"uis!e#.

>ut, &irstl/, as #uar#o (eni?a testi&ie#, t!e true a"ree%ent o& t!e !eirs $as &or t!e estalis!%ent o& an

ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ &or t!e ene&it solel/ o& t!e lots t!at #i# not !ae #iret aess to t!e street,

na%el/ Lots * an# . @is testi%on/ %a#e sense.

As ori"inall/ onstitute# in t!at a"ree%ent, ea! o& Lots A an# > $as to ontriute a stri) o& 1.5 %eters

et$een t!e% t!at $!en o%ine# &or%e# a 3:%eter $i#e alle/ lea#in" &ro% Lots * an# to t!e

street. +o t!e etent t!at Lots A an# > retaine# t!e ri"!t to use t!e 1.5:%eter )ortion t!at t!e/

ontriute# to t!e estalis!%ent o& t!e ease%ent, t!e a"ree%ent "ae t!eir o$ners t!e ri"!t to use t!e
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o%%on alle/ as $ell. As #uar#o testi&ie#, !o$eer, t!e true intent o& t!e !eirs $as to "ie Lots *

an# aess to t!e street. Lots A an# > #i# not nee# t!is alle/ sine t!e/ $ere &ain" t!e street.

(onse4uentl/, $!en t!e o$ner o& Lots * an# also ea%e t!e o$ner o& Lot >, t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t

o& $a/ on Lot > ea%e etint / o)eration o& la$.H'I +!e eistene o& a #o%inant estate an# a

serient estate is ino%)atile $it! t!e i#ea t!at ot! estates elon" to t!e sa%e )erson.

eon#l/, t!ere is no 4uestion t!at $!en t!e !eirs reali?e# t!at it $as not &air to ta8e stri)s o& 1.5

%eters &ro% ea! o& Lots A, *, an# &or t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ $!en t!ese lots $ere alrea#/

s%all, t!e !eirs eeute# a K(anellation o& Annotation o& Ri"!t o& a/, etc. t!at anelle# t!e

ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ t!e/ earlier estalis!e# on Lots A, *, an# an# in its )lae i%)ose# a 3:

%eter $i#e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/ solel/ on Lot >.

Alt!ou"! t!e Kanellation #ou%ent #i# not sa/ so, it $as i%)liit t!at t!e !an"e# loation o& t!eease%ent anelle# not onl/ t!e 1.5:%eter stri) o& ease%ent i%)ose# on Lot A o& t!e ali%an"ons ut

also t!eir ri"!t to use t!e ne$ 3:%eter ease%ent alle/ t!at la/ entirel/ on Lot >. tritl/ s)ea8in", i&

t!e ali%an"ons insist t!at t!eir ri"!t as #o%inant estate un#er t!e ori"inal )artition a"ree%ent

re%ains, t!en t!at $oul# e )artl/ on a 1.5:%eter stri) o& t!eir o$n Lot A an# )artl/ on t!e e4uialent

1.5:%eter stri) on t!e si#e o& Lot >, not on t!e ne$ 3:%eter alle/ estalis!e# entirel/ on Lot >.

+!e )oint is t!at, oiousl/, in estalis!in" t!e ne$ ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/, t!e !eirs inten#e# to

aan#on t!e ol# one. ine t!is 3:%eter alle/ on Lot > #iretl/ onnete# Lots * an# to t!e street, it

is also oious t!at onl/ t!e latter lots $ere its inten#e# ene&iiar/. An#, $it! t!e o$ners!i) o& Lots

>, *, an# no$ onsoli#ate# in a o%%on o$ner, na%el/, t!e +ans, t!en t!e ease%ent o& ri"!t o& $a/

on Lot > %a/ e sai# to !ae een etin"uis!e# / o)eration o& la$.H9I

ACCOR#INGL", t!is (ourt #ENIESt!e )etition an# AFFIRMSin all res)ets t!e #eision #ate#

Jul/ 27, 2007 an# resolution #ate# Otoer 1, 200' o& t!e (ourt o& A))eals in (A:G.R. (F 736'.

SO OR#ERE#.
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G.R. No. 152319 : October 28, 2009

HEIRS OF THE LATE JOAQIN LI!ENSE, "#$e%&: 'ON'ESA LI!ENSE, S(r)*)*"+ So(-e #"/ ANILO #"/JOSELITO, bot -(r"#$e/ L*$e"-e, c*%/re", et*t*o"er-, ). RITA A. E RA!OS, RESTITTO RA!OS,

IRGILIO IA4, IRENEO RA!OS, ENJA!IN RA!OS, 6AL7TRES RA!OSASILIO, TRINIA RA!OSRAO, A4 RA!OSAS'A, FELI'ISI!A RA!OSRE7ES, #"/ JA'INTA RA!OS, Re-o"/e"t-.

E ' I S I O N

ERALTA, J.,

T*- *- # et*t*o" or re)*e o" cert*or#r* ("/er R(%e ;5 o te R(%e- o 'o(rt -ee#/#. Te ee/ o o"#t*o" #- re+*-tere/*t te o*ce o te Re+*-ter o ee/- o !#"*%# o" !#rc 15, 1932.

"/er te -#*/ ee/ o o"#t*o", te %ot- ere #/C(/*c#te/ to #%$#c*oD- /#(+ter- *" te o%%o*"+ $#""er:

#. Lot No. 12A *" #)or o I-#be% Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to I-##c L*$e"-e

b. Lot No. 12 *" #)or o '#t#%*"# Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to Sotero N#t*)*/#/

c. Lot No. 12' *" #)or o '#t#%*"# Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to Sotero N#t*)*/#/ I-#be% Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/to I-##c L*$e"-e #"/ S#%(/ Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to Fr#"c*-co R#$o-, *" eB(#% #rt-

/. Lot No. 12 *" #)or o S#%(/ Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to Fr#"c*-co R#$o- #"/

e. Lot No. 12E *" #)or o I-#be% Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to I-##c L*$e"-e, #"/ Fe%*c*/#/ Lo>#/#,$#rr*e/ to G#%*c#"o 'e"te"o.

& )*rt(e o te ee/ o o"#t*o" eec(te/ b& #%$#c*o Lo>#/#, O'T No. ?03=, *c #- re+*-tere/ *" *-"#$e, #- c#"ce%%e/ #"/, *" %*e( tereo, Tr#"-er 'ert**c#te- o T*t%e @T'T- be#r*"+ No-. ;00;1, ;00;2,;00;3, ;00;;, #"/ ;00;5 ere *--(e/ *" #)or o te /o"ee-, ecet T'T No. ;00;;, *c re$#*"e/ *" *-

"#$e. Te-e "e T'T- ere #""ot#te/ #t te b#c< o O'T No. ?03=.5cr#

T'T No. ;00;3, *c co)ere/ Lot No. 12', #- *--(e/ *" te "#$e o *t- coo"er- '#t#%*"# Lo>#/#,$#rr*e/ to Sotero N#t*)*/#/ I-#be% Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ to I-##c L*$e"-e #"/ S#%(/ Lo>#/#, $#rr*e/ toFr#"c*-co R#$o-. It co)ere/ #" #re# o =8.=0 -B(#re $eter-, $ore or %e--, #- bo("/e/ o" te "orte#-t b&
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Lot No. 12A, o" te -o(te-t b& '#%%e e#t#, #"/ o" te "orte-t b& Lot No. 12 o te -(b/*)*-*o" %#".I" 1932, re-o"/e"t-D re/ece--or*"*"tere-t co"-tr(cte/ te*r re-*/e"t*#% b(*%/*"+ o" Lot No. 12, #/C#ce"tto Lot No. 12'.

O" !#& 1=, 19=9, T'T No. 9=88==#- *--(e/ *" te "#$e o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e co)er*"+ te )er& -#$e #re#

o Lot No. 12'.

O" October 1, 1981, Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e -ec(re/ # b(*%/*"+ er$*t or te co"-tr(ct*o" o # o%%o b%oc< e"ceo" te bo("/#r& %*"e betee" *- #ore-#*/ roert& #"/ te #/C#ce"t #rce% o %#"/ %oc#te/ #t 2?59 e#t#Street, #"/#c#", !#"*%#, /e-*+"#te/ #- Lot No. 12, *c #- be*"+ occ(*e/ b& Re-o"/e"t-. Te e"ce,oe)er, co(%/ "ot be co"-tr(cte/ bec#(-e # -(b-t#"t*#% ort*o" o re-o"/e"t-D re-*/e"t*#% b(*%/*"+ *" LotNo. 12 e"cro#ce/ (o" ort*o"- o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-eD- roert& *" Lot No. 12'.

Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e /e$#"/e/ te re$o)#% o te e"cro#ce/ #re# oe)er, re-o"/e"t *+"ore/ bot or#% #"/r*tte" /e$#"/-. Te #rt*e- #*%e/ to #$*c#b%& -ett%e te /*ere"ce- betee" te$ /e-*te reerr#% to teb#r#"+#&. T(-, o" !#rc 9, 1983, Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e, /(%& rere-e"te/ b& *- Attor"e&*"F#ct, Teo*-t# L.

Re&e-, *"-t*t(te/ # 'o$%#*"t?#+#*"-t re-o"/e"t- beore te Re+*o"#% Tr*#% 'o(rt @RT' o !#"*%#, r#"c

15, or re$o)#% o ob-tr(ct*o" #"/ /#$#+e-.

Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e r#&e/ t#t te RT' *--(e #" or/er /*rect*"+ re-o"/e"t-, Co*"t%& #"/ -e)er#%%&, to re$o)ete ort*o" *c *%%e+#%%& e"cro#ce/ (o" *- roert& o" Lot No. 12' #"/, %*#/#, o"e o te /#(+ter- o #%$#c*o Lo>#/#,

te or*+*"#% o"er o Lot No. 12. Ater -(b/*)*/*"+ te -#*/ %ot, #%$#c*o Lo>#/# /o"#te/ Lot No. 12' *"#)or o *- /#(+ter- '#t#%*"#, $#rr*e/ to Sotero N#t*)*/#/ I-#be%, $#rr*e/ to I-##c L*$e"-e #"/ S#%(/,$#rr*e/ to Fr#"c*-co R#$o-. e*"+ te -(r)*)*"+ e*r- o Fr#"c*-co R#$o-, re-o"/e"t- %#ter bec#$e coo"er- o Lot No. 12'. Lot No. 12' #- -er)e/ #- r*+t o #& or co$$o" #%%e& o #%% te e*r- o #%$#c*oLo>#/# -*"ce 1932 ( to te re-e"t. A- # co$$o" #%%e&, *t co(%/ "ot be c%o-e/ or e"ce/ b& Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e*to(t c#(-*"+ /#$#+e #"/ reC(/*ce to Re-o"/e"t-.

Ater tr*#% o" te $er*t-, te RT' re"/ere/ # ec*-*o"10

/#te/ Sete$ber 21, 1990 /*-$*--*"+ te co$%#*"to Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e. It r(%e/ t#t #" ##re"t e#-e$e"t o r*+t o #& e*-te/ *" #)or o Re-o"/e"t-.ert*"e"t ort*o"- o te /ec*-*o" re#/ #- o%%o-:cr#:"#/

Te 'o(rt *"/- t#t #" ##re"t e#-e$e"t o r*+t o #& e*-t- *" #)or o te /ee"/#"t- ("/er Art*c%e =2;o te '*)*% 'o/e. It c#""ot be /e"*e/ t#t tere *- #" #%%e& *c -o- *t- e*-te"ce. It *- #/$*tte/ t#t t*-#%%e& #- e-t#b%*-e/ b& te or*+*"#% o"er o Lot 12 #"/ t#t *" /*)*/*"+ *- roert&, te #%%e& e-t#b%*-e/b& *$ co"t*"(e/ to be (-e/ #ct*)e%& #"/ #--*)e%& #- -(c. E)e" e" te /*)*-*o" o te roert& occ(rre/,te "o"e*-te"ce o te e#-e$e"t #- "ot ere--e/ *" te corre-o"/*"+ t*t%e- "or ere te ##re"t -*+"o te #%%e& $#/e to /*-#e#r beore te *--(#"ce o -#*/ t*t%e-.

Te 'o(rt #%-o *"/- t#t e" %#*"t* #cB(*re/ te %ot @12' *c or$- te #%%e&, e


13/33

1. I THE HONORALE 'ORT OF AEALS 'O!!IT A GRAE ASE OF IS'RETION A!ONTING TOLA' OF JRISI'TION, IN HOLING, LIE THE TRIAL 'ORT I, THAT RESONENTSD LOT 12 HAS ANEASE!ENT OF RIGHT OF 6A7 OER JOAQIN LI!ENSEDS LOT 12' cr#%#

2. I THE HONORALE 'ORT OF AEALS 'O!!IT A GRAE ASE OF IS'RETIONA!ONTING TO LA' OF JRISI'TION, IN FAILING TO HOL, LIE THE TRIAL 'ORT I,THAT THE ROTRING ORTIONS OF RESONENTSD HOSE ON LOT 12 ETENING INTOJOAQIN LI!ENSEDS LOT 12' 'ONSTITTE A NISAN'E AN, AS S'H, SHOL E

RE!OE

et*t*o"er- #)er t#t te 'A erre/ *" r(%*"+ t#t -*"ce Lot No. 12' #- co)ere/ b& to T'TD-, *.e., T'T No-.;00;3 #"/ 9=88=, #"/ tere #- "o e)*/e"ce o" recor/ to -o o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e #- #b%e to -ec(re#"oter t*t%e o)er #" #%re#/& t*t%e/ roert&, te" o"e o te-e t*t%e- $(-t be o /(b*o(- or*+*". Accor/*"+ tote 'A, T'T No. 9=88=, *--(e/ *" te "#$e o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e, #- -(r*o(- bec#(-e te Lo>#/# -*-ter-"e)er /*-o-e/ o te -#*/ roert& co)ere/ b& T'T No. ;00;3. Te 'A (rter r(%e/ t#t # coo"er-*e*-te/ o)er Lot No. 12' betee" et*t*o"er- #"/ Re-o"/e"t-. et*t*o"erco("tere/ t#t T'T No. 9=88=,be*"+ te o"%& #"/ be-t %e+*t*$#te roo o o"er-* o)er Lot No. 12', $(-t re)#*% o)er T'T No. ;00;3.

Re-o"/e"t- #%%e+e t#t *t #- o--*b%e t#t T'T No. 9=88=, *" te "#$e o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e, #- obt#*"e/tr( r#(/, $*-rere-e"t#t*o" or #%-**c#t*o" o /oc($e"t- bec#(-e te /o"ee- o -#*/ roert& co(%/ "oto--*b%& eec(te #"& )#%*/ tr#"-er o t*t%e to Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e, #- te& ere #%re#/& /e#/ r*or to te*--(#"ce o T'T No. 9=88= *" 19=9. Re-o"/e"t- (rter #%%e+e t#t et*t*o"er- #*%e/ to ro/(ce roo

-(b-t#"t*#t*"+ te *--(#"ce o T'T No. 9=88= *" te "#$e o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e.

A#re"t%&, re-o"/e"t- #re B(e-t*o"*"+ te %e+#%*t& o T'T No. 9=88=, #" *--(e t#t t*- 'o(rt c#""ot #--(o" *" te re-e"t c#-e. It *- # r(%e t#t te )#%*/*t& o # torre"- t*t%e c#""ot be #--#*%e/

co%%#ter#%%&.15

Sect*o" ;8 o re-*/e"t*#% ecree @ No. 1529 ro)*/e- t#t: cr#:"#/

# cert**c#te o t*t%e -#%% "ot be -(bCect to co%%#ter#% #tt#c


14/33

/*-o-e/ o b& '#t#%*"#, I-#be% #"/ S#%(/ Lo>#/#, *- *$roer #"/ co"-t*t(te- #" *"/*rect #tt#c< o" T'T No.9=88=. A- e -ee *t, T'T No. 9=88=, #t re-e"t, *- te be-t roo o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-eD- o"er-* o)er LotNo. 12'. T(-, te 'A erre/ *" r(%*"+ t#t re-o"/e"t- #"/ et*t*o"er- coo"e/ Lot No. 12', #- -#*/ %ot *-"o re+*-tere/ ec%(-*)e%& *" te "#$e o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e.

(e to te ore+o*"+, Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e, #- te re+*-tere/ o"er o Lot 12', #"/ *- -(cce--or-*"*"tere-t,$#& e"c%o-e or e"ce *- %#"/ or te"e$e"t- b& $e#"- o #%%-, /*tce-, %*)e or /e#/ e/+e-, or b& #"& oter

$e#"- *to(t /etr*$e"t to -er)*t(/e- co"-t*t(te/ tereo".21

cr#

Hoe)er, #%to(+ te o"er o te roert& #- te r*+t to e"c%o-e or e"ce *- roert&, e $(-t re-ect-er)*t(/e- co"-t*t(te/ tereo". Te B(e-t*o" "o *- eter re-o"/e"t- #re e"t*t%e/ to #" e#-e$e"t o r*+to #&.

et*t*o"erco"te"/ t#t re-o"/e"t- #re "ot e"t*t%e/ to #" e#-e$e"t o r*+t o #& o)er Lot No. 12',bec#(-e te*r Lot No. 12 *- "ot /(%& #""ot#te/ #t te b#c< o T'T No. 9=88= *c o(%/ e"t*t%e te$ toe"Co& te e#-e$e"t, ("%*#/#, *- t#t r*+t cr#%#

A: 7e-, -*r.

Q: A"/ #ter te -#*/ roert& #- #/C(/*c#te/ to *- -#*/ c*%/re" te %#tter co"-tr(cte/ te*ro(-e- o" te*r %ot-.

A: 7e-, -*r.

Q: A- # $#tter o #ct, te ere*" /ee"/#"t- #)e co"-tr(cte/ te*r o(-e- o" te re$*-e-#%%ote/ to te$ -*"ce te &e#r 1932cr#%#

A: 7e-, -*r, te& ere #b%e to co"-tr(ct te*r o(-e ro"t*"+ e#t# Street.
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15/33

Q: A"/ t#t o(-e te& #)e co"-tr(cte/ o" te*r %ot *" 1932 *- -t*%% e*-t*"+ to/#&cr#%#

A: 7e-, -*r #"/ te& -t*%% (-e/ te #%%e& *" B(e-t*o" #"/ te& #re -(o-e/ to (-e e#t# Streetb(t te& #re "ot (-*"+ e#t# Street.

Q: Te& #re (-*"+ te #%%e&cr#%#

A: 7e-, -*r, te& #re (-*"+ te #%%e& #"/ te& /o "ot #-- tro(+ e#t# Street.

Q: A"/ te& #)e bee" (-*"+ te #%%e& -*"ce 1932 ( to te re-e"tcr#%#

A: 7e-, -*r te& #)e bee" (-*"+ te #%%e& -*"ce t#t t*$e. T#t #- te*r $*-t#


16/33

"o"e*-te"ce o te e#-e$e"t #- "ot ere--e/ *" te corre-o"/*"+ t*t%e- "or ere te ##re"t -*+" ote #%%e& $#/e to /*-#e#r beore te *--(#"ce o -#*/ t*t%e-.

Te 'o(rt #%-o *"/- t#t e" %#*"t* #cB(*re/ te %ot @12' *c or$- te #%%e&, e


17/33

I" So(-e- e% '#$o ). Abe-*#,3;

t*- ro)*-*o" #- #%*e/ to o"e o-e o(-e, /e-*te #)*"+ bee" b(*%t#t te t*$e e #- -t*%% coo"er, o)er%#e/ *t te %#"/ o #"oter. I" t#t c#-e, t*- 'o(rt r(%e/: cr#:"#/

Te co(rt # B(o correct%& e%/ t#t Art*c%e ;;8 o te '*)*% 'o/e c#""ot #%& ere # coo"er b(*%/-, %#"t-or -o- o" te %#"/ o"e/ *" co$$o" or te" e /*/ "ot b(*%/, %#"t or -o (o" te %#"/ t#t ec%(-*)e%&be%o"+- to #"oter b(t o *c e *- # coo"er. Te coo"er *- "ot # t*r/ er-o" ("/er tec*rc($-t#"ce-, #"/ te -*t(#t*o" *- +o)er"e/ b& te r(%e- o coo"er-*.

Hoe)er, e", #- *" t*- c#-e, te o"er-* *- ter$*"#te/ b& te #rt*t*o" #"/ *t #e#r- t#t te o(-e o/ee"/#"t- o)er%#- or occ(*e- # ort*o" o 5 -B(#re $eter- o te %#"/ ert#*"*"+ to %#*"t*- *c te/ee"/#"t- ob)*o(-%& b(*%t *" +oo/ #*t, te" te ro)*-*o"- o Art*c%e ;;8 o te "e '*)*% 'o/e -o(%/ #%&.

35

cr#

I" oter or/-, e" te coo"er-* *- ter$*"#te/ b& # #rt*t*o", #"/ *t #e#r- t#t te o(-e o #"er-t*%e coo"er #- e"cro#ce/ (o" # ort*o" ert#*"*"+ to #"oter coo"er, b(t te e"cro#c$e"t#- *" +oo/ #*t, te" te ro)*-*o"- o Art*c%e ;;8 -o(%/ #%& to /eter$*"e te re-ect*)e r*+t- o te#rt*e-. I" t*- c#-e, te coo"er-* #- ter$*"#te/ /(e to te tr#"-er o te t*t%e o te o%e roert& *"#)or o Jo#B(*" L*$e"-e.

"/er te ore+o*"+ ro)*-*o", et*t*o"er- #)e te r*+t to #ror*#te -#*/ ort*o" o te o(-e ore-o"/e"t- (o" #&$e"t o *"/e$"*t& to re-o"/e"t-, #- ro)*/e/ or *" Art*c%e 5;= o te '*)*% 'o/e.Oter*-e, et*t*o"er- $#& ob%*+e re-o"/e"t- to #& te r*ce o te %#"/ occ(*e/ b& te*r o(-e. Hoe)er,* te r*ce #-e/ to eerc*-e te ot*o",bec#(-e *- r*+t *- o%/er, #"/ bec#(-e, b& te r*"c*%e o #cce--*o", e *- e"t*t%e/ to te o"er-* o te

#cce--or& t*"+.;0

cr#

I" #ccor/#"ce *t er# ). ($%#o,;1

t*- c#-e $(-t be re$#"/e/ to te tr*#% co(rt to /eter$*"e $#tter-

"ece--#r& or te roer #%*c#t*o" o Art*c%e ;;8 *" re%#t*o" to Art*c%e 5;=. S(c $#tter- *"c%(/e te ot*o"t#t et*t*o"er- o(%/ t#


18/33

1. No coo"er-* e*-t- o)er Lot No. 12', co)ere/ b& T'T No. 9=88=, betee" et*t*o"er-#"/ Re-o"/e"t-.

2. Te c#-e *- RE!ANE to te Re+*o"#% Tr*#% 'o(rt, r#"c 15, !#"*%#, or (rter rocee/*"+-*to(t (rter /e%#& to /eter$*"e te #ct- e--e"t*#% to te roer #%*c#t*o" o Art*c%e- ;;8#"/ 5;= o te '*)*% 'o/e.

SO ORERE.

G.R. No. 1?3252 : J(%& 1?, 2009

NISOR'E 'O!!ER'IAL AN EELO!ENT 'ORORATION, et*t*o"er, ). JOSEH 'HNG, IAT 'HNG#"/ LETO 'HNG, Re-o"/e"t-.

E ' I S I O N

QIS!ING, J.:

Te *"-t#"t et*t*o" #--#*%- te ec*-*o"1/#te/ October 2?, 2005 #"/ te Re-o%(t*o"

2/#te/ J("e 19, 200=

o te 'o(rt o Ae#%- *" 'AG.R. ' No. ?=213. Te #e%%#te co(rt #/ re)er-e/ #"/ -et #-*/e te

ec*-*o"3/#te/ A(+(-t 19, 2002 o te Re+*o"#% Tr*#% 'o(rt o !#"*%#, r#"c ;9, *" '*)*% '#-e No. 00

9?52=.

Te #"tece/e"t #ct- #re #- o%%o-:cr#:"#/

et*t*o"er "*-o(rce 'o$$erc*#% #"/ e)e%o$e"t 'oror#t*o" *- te re+*-tere/ o"er o # #rce% o %#"/

co)ere/ b& Tr#"-er 'ert**c#te o T*t%e @T'T No. 1?=253;o te Re+*-ter o ee/- o !#"*%#. Te t*t%e

co"t#*"- # $e$or#"/($ o e"c($br#"ce o # )o%("t#r& e#-e$e"t *c #- bee" c#rr*e/ o)er ro$ te

Or*+*"#% 'ert**c#te o T*t%e o E"c#r"#c*o" S. S#"/*co. Te cert**e/ E"+%*- tr#"-%#t*o"5o te #""ot#t*o"

re#/-: cr#:"#/

& or/er /#te/ 08 October 192; o te 'o(rt o F*r-t I"-t#"ce o !#"*%#, '#$ber I @A?5?1T230;=, *t*- /ec%#re/ t#t Fr#"c*-co H*/#%+o & !#+"**co #- te r*+t to oe" /oor- *" te co(r-e o *- %ot /e-cr*be/ #-Lot No. 2, %oc< 2=50 o te $# t#t #- bee" e*b*te/, to#r/- te %et o te '#%%eCo" t#t *- (-e/ #- ##--#+e #"/ t#t #e#r- #- #/C#ce"t to te -#*/ Lot 2 #"/ to #-- tro(+ te %#"/ o E"c#r"#c*o" S#"/*co& S#"t#"#, ("t*% te b#"< o te e-tero t#t +oe- to te #-*+ R*)er, #"/ to#r/- te r*+t o te oter

'#%%eCo" t#t *- -*t(#te/ betee" te -#*/ Lot 2 #"/ Lot ; o te -#$e %oc< N.

=

cr#

A- S#"/*coD- roert& #- tr#"-erre/ to -e)er#% o"er-, te $e$or#"/($ o e"c($br#"ce o # )o%("t#r&e#-e$e"t *" #)or o Fr#"c*-co !. H*/#%+o #- co"-*-te"t%& #""ot#te/ #t te b#c< o e)er& t*t%e co)er*"+S#"/*coD- roert& ("t*% T'T No. 1?=253 #- *--(e/ *" et*t*o"erD- #)or. O" te oter #"/, H*/#%+oD-roert& #- e)e"t(#%%& tr#"-erre/ to re-o"/e"t- Jo-e '("+, *#t '("+ #"/ '%eto '("+ ("/er T'T

No. 121;88.?cr#

O" !#& 2=, 2000, et*t*o"er *%e/ # et*t*o" to '#"ce% te E"c($br#"ce o o%("t#r& E#-e$e"t o R*+t o

6#&8o" te +ro("/ t#t te /o$*"#"t e-t#te #- #" #/eB(#te #cce-- to # (b%*c ro#/ *c *- !#t*e">#

Street. Te tr*#% co(rt /*-$*--e/ te et*t*o" o" te +ro("/ t#t *t *- # %#"/ re+*-tr#t*o" c#-e. et*t*o"er
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19/33

$o)e/ or reco"-*/er#t*o". Tere#ter, te tr*#% co(rt co"/(cte/ #" oc(%#r *"-ect*o" o te roert&. I" #"

Or/er9/#te/ No)e$ber 2;, 2000, te tr*#% co(rt +r#"te/ te $ot*o" #"/ $#/e te o%%o*"+ ob-er)#t*o"-:

1. Te /o$*"#"t e-t#te *- # roert& e"c%o-e/ *t # co"crete e"ce *t "o %e-- t#" tree @3 /oor- *" *t,oe"*"+ to #" #%%e& be%o"+*"+ to te -er)*e"t e-t#te o"e/ b& te et*t*o"er. Te #%%e& *- %e#/*"+ to !#t*e">#St.

2. Te /o$*"#"t e-t#te #- # o(-e b(*%t tereo" #"/ -#*/ o(-e #- # )er& */e /oor

#cce--*b%e to !#t*e"># St. *to(t #"& ob-tr(ct*o". S#*/ -treet *- ere"/*c(%#r to J.. L#(re% St.

It *- tereore o("/ t#t te /o$*"#"t e-t#te #- #" e+re-- to !#t*e"># St. #"/ /oe- "ot #)e to (-e te

-er)*e"t e-t#te.10

cr#

I" te*r A"-er,11

re-o"/e"t- co("tere/ t#t te et*"+(*-$e"t o te e#-e$e"t *%% be o +re#t reC(/*ceto te %oc#%*t& #"/ t#t et*t*o"er *- +(*%t& o %#ce- -*"ce *t too< et*t*o"er 15 &e#r- ro$ #cB(*-*t*o" o teroert& to *%e te et*t*o".

I" # ec*-*o" /#te/ A(+(-t 19, 2002, te tr*#% co(rt or/ere/ te c#"ce%%#t*o" o te e"c($br#"ce o )o%("t#r&e#-e$e"t o r*+t o #& *" #)or o te /o$*"#"t e-t#te o"e/ b&Re-o"/e"t-. It o("/ t#t te /o$*"#"te-t#te #- "o $ore (-e or te e#-e$e"t -*"ce *t #- #"oter #/eB(#te o(t%et to # (b%*c ro#/ *c *-!#t*e"># Street. Te /*-o-*t*)e ort*o" o te /ec*-*o" re#/-: cr#:"#/

IN IE6 OF ALL THE FOREGOING, te 'o(rt ereb& or/er- te c#"ce%%#t*o" o te !e$or#"/($ oE"c($br#"ce #""ot#te/ *" T'T No. 1?=253 *c +r#"te/ # r*+t o #& *" #)or o te er-o" "#$e/tere*" #"/, (o" te *"#%*t& o t*- /ec*-*o", te Re+*-ter o ee/- o te '*t& o !#"*%# *- ereb& /*recte/ toc#"ce% -#*/ e"c($br#"ce.

6*t re-ect to te oter r#&er- *" te et*t*o", co"-*/er*"+ t#t te -#$e #re $ere *"c*/e"t- to teeerc*-e b& te o"er- o r*+t o te*r o"er-* *c te& co(%/ e%% /o *to(t te 'o(rtD- *"ter)e"t*o",t*- 'o(rt -ee- "o "ee/ to -ec**c#%%& r(%e tereo". Te 'o(rt c#""ot ##r/ %#*"t*D- c%#*$- or /#$#+e-#"/ #ttor"e&D- ee- or %#c< o -(*c*e"t b#-e- tereor.

SO ORERE.12

cr#

Re-o"/e"t- #e#%e/ to te 'o(rt o Ae#%-. O" October 2?, 2005, te #e%%#te co(rt re)er-e/ te/ec*-*o" o te tr*#% co(rt #"/ /*-$*--e/ te et*t*o" to c#"ce% te e"c($br#"ce o )o%("t#r& e#-e$e"t o

r*+t o #&.Te #e%%#te co(rt r(%e/ t#t e" et*t*o"erD- et*t*o" #- *"*t*#%%& /*-$*--e/ b& te eec(t*)e C(/+e, teco& o te et*t*o" #"/ te -($$o"- #/ "ot &et bee" -er)e/ o"Re-o"/e"t-. T(-, e" et*t*o"er $o)e/to reco"-*/er te or/er o /*-$*--#%, tere #- "o "ee/ or # "ot*ce o e#r*"+ #"/ roo o -er)*ce (o"re-o"/e"t- -*"ce te tr*#% co(rt #- "ot &et #cB(*re/ C(r*-/*ct*o" o)er te$. Te tr*#% co(rt #cB(*re/

C(r*-/*ct*o" o)er te c#-e #"/ o)er re-o"/e"t- o"%& #ter te -($$o"- #- -er)e/ (o" te$ #"/ te&ere %#ter +*)e" #$%e oort("*t& to re-e"t te*r e)*/e"ce.

Te #e%%#te co(rt #%-o e%/ t#t te tr*#% co(rt erre/ *" c#"ce%*"+ te e"c($br#"ce o )o%("t#r& e#-e$e"t

o r*+t o #&. Te #e%%#te co(rt r(%e/ t#t Art*c%e =31@313

o te '*)*% 'o/e, *c #- c*te/ b& te tr*#%co(rt, *- *"#%*c#b%e -*"ce te re-e"ce o #" #/eB(#te o(t%et to # *+#& et*"+(*-e- o"%& %e+#% orco$(%-or& e#-e$e"t- b(t "ot )o%("t#r& e#-e$e"t- %*


20/33

I.

. RSHING ASIE ETITIONERDS 'ONTENTION THAT THE EASE!ENT IS ERSONAL SIN'E THEANNOTATION I NOT ROIE THAT IT IS INING ON THE HEIRS OR ASSIGNS OF SANI'O.

II.

. NOT 'ONSIERING THAT THE EASE!ENT IS ERSONAL SIN'E NO 'O!ENSATION 6ASGIEN TO ETITIONER.

III.

. ISREGARING THE 'IIL 'OE ROISION ON NJST ENRI'H!ENT.

I.

. TREATING THE EASE!ENT AS REIAL.15

et*t*o"er co"te"/- t#t te #ct t#t S#"/*co #"/ H*/#%+o re-orte/ to C(/*c*#% *"ter)e"t*o" o"%& -o- t#t

te& co"te-te/ te e*-te"ce o te reB(*-*te #ctor- e-t#b%*-*"+ # %e+#% e#-e$e"t. e-*/e-, te #""ot#t*o"*t-e% ro)*/e- t#t te e#-e$e"t *- ec%(-*)e%& co"*"e/ to te #rt*e- $e"t*o"e/ tere*", *.e., S#"/*co #"/H*/#%+o. It #- "ot $e#"t to b*"/ te*r e*r- or #--*+"- oter*-e, te& o(%/ #)e ere--%& ro)*/e/ or*t. et*t*o"er #//- t#t *t o(%/ be #" ("C(-t e"r*c$e"t o" re-o"/e"t-D #rt to co"t*"(e e"Co&*"+ tee#-e$e"t *to(t #/eB(#te co$e"-#t*o" to et*t*o"er. et*t*o"er #%-o #)er- t#t to -#& t#t te e#-e$e"t#- #tt#ce/ to H*/#%+oD- roert& *- erro"eo(- -*"ce -(c roert& "o %o"+er e*-t- #ter *t #- bee"

-(b/*)*/e/ #"/ re+*-tere/ *" re-o"/e"t-D re-ect*)e "#$e-.1=

et*t*o"er (rter #r+(e- t#t e)e" * *t *-bo("/ b& te e#-e$e"t, te -#$e c#" be c#"ce%%e/ or re)o


21/33

Ne*ter c#" et*t*o"er c%#*$ t#t te e#-e$e"t *- er-o"#% o"%& to H*/#%+o -*"ce te #""ot#t*o" $ere%&$e"t*o"e/ S#"/*co #"/ H*/#%+o *to(t eB(#%%& b*"/*"+ te*r e*r- or #--*+"-. T#t te e*r- or #--*+"- o te#rt*e- ere "ot $e"t*o"e/ *" te #""ot#t*o" /oe- "ot $e#" t#t *t *- "ot b*"/*"+ o" te$. A+#*", #)o%("t#r& e#-e$e"t o r*+t o #& *- %*@re-o"/e"t- ere te %#(% o"er- o te roert& -(bCect o t*- c#-e.

A- c(%%e/ ro$ te recor/-, te #"tece/e"t- o te c#-e #re #- o%%o-:cr#:"#/

I+"#c*o !e"/o># *- te co$$o" #-ce"/#"t o te #rt*e- ere*". I+"#c*o #- *r-t $#rr*e/ to J(#"#

J#(r*+(e,5to o$ o$*"#/or #"/ *ctor*# ere bor". et*t*o"er Her$*"*o !. G(t*erre> @Her$*"*o

=*- te

-o" o *ctor*#, #"/ et*t*o"er E%*-# A. G(t*erre>!#&(+# @E%*-#?*- te /#(+ter o Her$*"*o.

Ater te /e#t o J(#"# *" 1913, I+"#c*o $#rr*e/ I+"#c*# J#(r*+(e, te &o("+er -*-ter o J(#"#. O(t o t*--eco"/ $#rr*#+e, *)e c*%/re" ere bor", "#$e%&: 'r*-o-to$o, F%or#, Fe%*-#, !erce/e- #"/ 'o"-t#"c*#. A-#ore-#*/, re-o"/e"t F%or# !e"/o>#%#># @F%or# *- te /#(+ter o I+"#c*#, *%e re-o"/e"t o"c*#"oHer"#"/e> @o"c*#"o *- te -o" o Fe%*-#.
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Te #rce% o %#"/ -(bCect o t*- c#-e @-(bCect roert& *- #" ("re+*-tere/ %#"/ %oc#te/ *" #r#"+#& St#.'%#r#, Sto. To$#-, #t#"+#-, co"t#*"*"+ #" #re# o ;;= -B(#re $eter-, $ore or %e--.

O" 25 !#rc 191=, I+"#c*o #cB(*re/ te -(bCect roert& b& #& o (rc#-e ro$ L(*- '(-to/*o

or 200.00, *c -#%e #- co"t#*"e/ *" # "ot#r*>e/ /oc($e"t e"t*t%e/ E-cr*t(r# (b%*c#.8cr#

Tere#ter, o" 8 !#rc 19;0, I+"#c*o eec(te/ # /ee/ o /o"#t*o" *"ter )*)o-,9ereb& te -(bCect roert&

#- /o"#te/ to te c*%/re" o$ e be+ot *t I+"#c*#, *- -eco"/ *e. I+"#c*# #ccete/ te /o"#t*o" *"

te -#$e *"-tr($e"t o" be#% o er c*%/re". o$*"#/or #"/ *ctor*# ere #%-o -*+"#tor*e- to te /ee/ o/o"#t*o" *"ter )*)o- #- *"-tr($e"t#% *t"e--e-. Te /ee/ #- %*


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r*"c*#%%&, te RT' re%*e/ o" te /ee/ o /o"#t*o" *"ter )*)o- *" ##r/*"+ te -(bCect roert&to Re-o"/e"t-. Te -#$e #- roer%& */e"t**e/ #"/ /e-cr*be/ *" te te-t*$o"& o !erce/e- !e"/o>#, o"eo te /#(+ter- o I+"#c*o b& *- -eco"/ $#rr*#+e. Te /ee/ #- #%-o # "ot#r*>e/ /oc($e"t, *c #-eec(te/ *t #%% te or$#% reB(*re$e"t- o te %#. T(-, te rec*t#%- co"t#*"e/ tere*" ere re-($e/ tobe tr(e #"/ #(te"t*c, *c re-($t*o" te et*t*o"er- #*%e/ to o)erco$e *t c%e#r, co")*"c*"+,o)ere%$*"+ #"/ $ore t#" $ere%& reo"/er#"t e)*/e"ce. Te RT' #%-o r(%e/ t#t te /ee/ o /o"#t*o"

*"ter )*)o- #- #" #"c*e"t /oc($e"t,12

#)*"+ bee" eec(te/ o" 8 !#rc 19;0 #"/ be*"+ c%e#r%& $ore t#"t*rt& @30 &e#r- o%/. Te /ee/ #- *" te roer c(-to/& o re-o"/e"t o"c*#"o o #cB(*re/ te -#$ero$ *- $oter Fe%*-#, beore te %#tterD- /e#t. O" *t- #ce, te /ee/ #- ree ro$ #"& #%ter#t*o"-,*"ter%*"e#t*o"-, or er#-(re- o # $#ter*#% c#r#cter, or #"& c*rc($-t#"ce t#t $#& +e"er#te -(-*c*o" o *t-#(te"t*c*t&. Te cert**c#te o te '%er< o 'o(rt o #t#"+#- '*t& oere/ b& et*t*o"er-, -t#t*"+ t#t teo*ce #/ "o #)#*%#b%e recor/-/oc($e"t- "ot#r*>e/ b& te "ot#r& (b%*c o -*+"e/ te /ee/ o /o"#t*o"*"ter )*)o-, /*/ "ot r(%e o(t te #(te"t*c*t& o te -#*/ /ee/. It /*/ "ot o%%o t#t te /ee/ #- #%-o*"e*-te"t *" #"oter +o)er"$e"t /eo-*tor*e- o #"c*e"t /oc($e"t-.

!oreo)er, te RT' /ec%#re/ et*t*o"er- to be *" b#/ #*t *" b(*%/*"+ # o(-e o -tro"+ $#ter*#%- o" # ort*o"o te -(bCect roert&. Te re-o"/e"t- -tro"+%& oo-e/ te co"-tr(ct*o" ro$ te -t#rt, +*)e" t#t teocc(#t*o" #"/ o--e--*o" b& te et*t*o"er- ere $ere%& to%er#te/.

et*t*o"er- *%e/ #" #e#% *t te 'o(rt o Ae#%-, *c #- /oc#, c%#*$ o"er-*. Re-o"/e"t- c%#*$ o"er-* b& )*rt(e o # /o"#t*o"*"ter )*)o-, #%%e+e/%& eec(te/ *" 19;0 b& I+"#c*o *" #)or o I+"#c*#, #"/ o--e--*o" tereo. O" te oter#"/, et*t*o"er- c%#*$ t#t te& #re o"er- o # ort*o" o te roert& b& #cB(*-*t*)e o--e--*o". ot#rt*e- re-e"te/ rece*t- ro)*"+ t#t te& #)e bee" #&*"+ re#%t& t#e- o" te roert&. T(-, teco"tro)er-& bo*%- /o" to te e#$*"#t*o" o te e)*/e"ce re-e"te/.

Te RT' ere*" re%*e/ e#)*%& o" te /o"#t*o" *"ter )*)o-, E. KK /#te/ !#rc 8, 19;0, #%%e+e/%& eec(te/b& I+"#c*o !e"/o># *" #)or o *- c*%/re" *t *- -eco"/ *e I+"#c*#, *c #- #c#. et*t*o"er- #re -tr#"+er- to te *"-tr($e"t. T(-, *%e E.KK *- )#%*/ betee" I+"#c*o !e"/o># #"/ re-o"/e"t-, te -#$e c#""ot #ect t*r/ #rt*e- -(c #-et*t*o"er-, ("%e-- te -#$e *- re+*-tere/ *" te $#""er ro)*/e/ ("/er Sect*o" 19; o Act No. 2?11,

eect*)e !#rc 10, 191?, #- #$e"/e/ b& Act No. 283? #"/ %#ter b& Act No. 33;;, *c -t#te-: cr#:"#/

KSec. 19;. Recor/*"+ o *"-tr($e"t- or /ee/- re%#t*"+ to re#% e-t#te "ot re+*-tere/ ("/er Act N($bere/ Fo(rH("/re/ #"/ N*"et&S* or ("/er te S#"*- !ort+#+e L#. No *"-tr($e"t or /ee/ e-t#b%*-*"+,tr#"-$*tt*"+, #c# to te re-o"/e"t- .

Sett*"+ #-*/e E. KK, te *ece- o e)*/e"ce %et #re te t# /ec%#r#t*o"- re-e"te/ /(r*"+ te tr*#%.Hoe)er, *t *- #" e-t#b%*-e/ C(r*-r(/e"ce t#t t# /ec%#r#t*o"- #"/ t# rece*t- #re "ot co"c%(-*)e e)*/e"ce
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o o"er-* . KI" te #b-e"ce o #ct(#% (b%*c #"/ #/)er-e o--e--*o", te /ec%#r#t*o" o te %#"/ ort# (ro-e- /oe- "ot ro)e o"er-*K . F(rter e#$*"#t*o" o te t# /ec%#r#t*o"- -o t#tbot #rt*e- #)e bee" #&*"+ re#%t& t#e- tereo" *" te "#$e o I+"#c*o !e"/o>#. L*#. It -o(%/ be -tre--e/ t#t teo"er o te ("re+*-tere/ roert& *- I+"#c*o !e"/o># #"/ t#t bot #rt*e- #re *- -(cce--or-.Re-o"/e"t- #re *- -(cce--or- b& *- -eco"/ $#rr*#+e, *%e et*t*o"er- #re *- -(cce--or- b& *- *r-t$#rr*#+e. T(-, be*"+ *- e*r- #"/ -(cce--or-, te et*t*o"er- $(-t be bo("/ or te& #re co"-*/ere/$ere ete"-*o" o te +r#"tor @eM#, Re+*-tr#t*o" o L#"/ T*t%e- #"/ ee/-, . 28.

IN IE6 OF ALL THE FOREGOING, te *"-t#"t $ot*o" or reco"-*/er#t*o" *- ereb& GRANTE. T*- 'o(rtD-ec*-*o" ro$(%+#te/ o" J("e 2, 2008 *- RE'ALLE AN SET ASIE, #"/ # "e o"e e"tere/ AFFIR!ING teRe+*o"#% Tr*#% 'o(rtD- ec*-*o" /#te/ J("e 15, 200?, *" '*)*% '#-e No. 0=0;2929. No 'o-t. @E$#-e-o(r-.

et*t*o"er- *%e/ # !ot*o" or Reco"-*/er#t*o"1?

#"/ # S(%e$e"t to te !ot*o" or Reco"-*/er#t*o",18

b(tte 'o(rt o Ae#%- #- "ot er-(#/e/. O" 21 No)e$ber 2008, te #e%%#te co(rt *--(e/ #

Re-o%(t*o",19

*"/*"+ t#t:cr#:"#/

A c#re(% re)*e o te $ot*o" or reco"-*/er#t*o" -o- t#t te *--(e- r#*-e/ tere*" #)e bee" #%re#/&bee" @-*c c%#r**e/ *" #"/ b& O(r A$e"/e/ ec*-*o". A- to te #r+($e"t- r#*-e/ *" te S(%e$e"t, *.e., t#tte et*t*o"er-D %e+*t*$e- #re reC(/*ce/, te -#$e $(-t %*


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IN IE6 OF THE FOREGOING, te *"-t#"t $ot*o" or reco"-*/er#t*o" #"/ S(%e$e"t #re ENIE.

et*t*o"er- *%e/ te *"-t#"t et*t*o" or Re)*e o" 'ert*or#r* , *$%or*"+ te 'o(rt to t##, te /#(+ter o I+"#c*o *t *- *r-t *eJ(#"#. S(c te-t*$o"& #- (tter%& %#c


26/33

co"/*t*o"- #"/ @; %#-e o t*$e ro)*/e/ b& %#. AcB(*-*t*)e re-cr*t*o" $#& e*ter be or/*"#r&, *" *cc#-e te o--e--*o" $(-t be *" +oo/ #*t #"/ *t C(-t t*t%e or etr#or/*"#r&, *" *c c#-e tere *- "e*ter+oo/ #*t "or C(-t t*t%e. I" e*ter c#-e, tere #- to be o--e--*o", *c $(-t be *" te co"cet o #"

o"er, (b%*c, e#ce(% #"/ ("*"terr(te/.2=

A- # coro%%#r&, Art*c%e 1119 o te '*)*% 'o/e ro)*/e- t#t: cr#:"#/

Art. 1119. Act- o o--e--or& c#r#cter eec(te/ *" )*rt(e o %*ce"-e or b& $ere to%er#"ce o te o"er -#%%"ot be #)#*%#b%e or te (ro-e- o o--e--*o".

Act- o o--e--or& c#r#cter eror$e/ b& o"e o o%/- b& $ere to%er#"ce o te o"er #re c%e#r%& "ot e"co"ceto /e /(eMo, #"/ -(c o--e--or& #ct-, "o $#tter o %o"+ -o co"t*"(e/, /o "ot -t#rt te r(""*"+ ote er*o/ o re-cr*t*o".

I" %*+t o te ore+o*"+, et*t*o"er- c#""ot c%#*$ #"& better r*+t to te -(bCect roert& #-#+#*"-t Re-o"/e"t-.

6HEREFORE, te et*t*o" or Re)*e o" 'ert*or#r* ("/er R(%e ;5 o te R(%e- o 'o(rt *- ENIE. TeA$e"/e/ ec*-*o" /#te/ 2= Sete$ber 2008 o te 'o(rt o Ae#%- *" 'AG.R. ' No. 89555 *- ereb&AFFIR!E. No co-t-.

SO ORERE.

G.R. No. 133?05. !#rc 31, 2005 'J 7LO SONS, IN'., et*t*o"er, )-. RO!AN 'ATHOLI' ISHO OF SANALO, IN'., Re-o"/e"t.

E ' I S I O N

GAR'IA, J.:

Ae#%e/ to t*- 'o(rt b& #& o # et*t*o" or re)*e o" cert*or#r* #re te ec*-*o" 1/#te/ ece$ber 19,199? #"/ Re-o%(t*o" 2/#te/ Ar*% 30, 1998 o te 'o(rt o Ae#%- *" 'AG.R. ' No. ;5392, re)er-*"+ #"e#r%*er /ec*-*o" o te Re+*o"#% Tr*#% 'o(rt #t '#%#$b#, L#+("#, r#"c 3;, *c r(%e/ *" #)or o te ere*"

et*t*o"er 'J 7(%o So"-, I"c., *" # -(*t or re)oc#t*o" o /o"#t*o" *t reco")e"ce o t*t%e, tere#tco$$e"ce/ b& te et*t*o"er #+#*"-t te ere*" re-o"/e"t, Ro$#" '#to%*c *-o o S#" #b%o, I"c.

Te #ct- #re "ot #t #%% /*-(te/:

O" Sete$ber 2;, 19??, et*t*o"er /o"#te/ ("to re-o"/e"t # #rce% o %#"/ #t '#"%(b#"+, '#%#$b#, L#+("#*t #" #re# o ;1,11? -B(#re $eter- #"/ re+*-tere/ *" *t- "#$e ("/er Tr#"-er 'ert**c#te o T*t%e @T'T No.T82803. Te /ee/ o /o"#t*o" *c #%-o be#r- te #ccet#"ce o te /o"ee rec*te- te co"-*/er#t*o"-tereor #"/ te co"/*t*o"- tereto #tt#ce/, to *t:

6HEREAS, o"ee *- # re%*+*o(- coror#t*o" e"+#+e/ *" $(c @-*c ($#"*t#r*#" 'r*-t*#" or< *" L#+("# #"/e%-eere, e/(c#t*"+ #"/ or$*"+ te &o("+, c#r*"+ or te *"*r$ #"/ te #+e/ *" te (%*%%$e"t o *t-$*--*o"

6HEREAS, o"or reco+"*>e- te "ee/ or # r*)#te%& e"/oe/ *"-t*t(t*o" t#t *%% c#re or te o$e%e-- #"//e-t*t(te o%/ eo%e *" te co$$("*t&, #- e%% #- te oter -e"*or c*t*>e"- o or -o$e re#-o" or oter *"/te$-e%)e- *to(t #$*%& *t o$ to %*)e te %#-t &e#r- o te*r %*e:

6HEREFORE, o"or *- *%%*"+, *" or/er to e% e-t#b%*- #"/ -(ort -(c #" *"-t*t(t*o" to /o"#te te %#"/"ece--#r& or *t- o(-*"+, #- e%% #- #" #re# o %#"/ ereo" *t $#& r#*-e cro- or *t- -(ort #"/ or te-(-te"#"ce o *t- re-*/e"t-

6HEREAS, o"ee *- *%%*"+ #"/ #b%e, *t te #"te/ e% o o"or #"/ o oter be"e#ctor-, to e-t#b%*-,oer#te #"/ $#*"t#*" -(c # o$e or te #+e/.
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NO6, THEREFORE, *" co"-*/er#t*o" o #%% te ore+o*"+ re$*-e-, o"or ereb& tr#"-er- #"/ co")e&- too"ee b& #& o /o"#t*o" #%% *t- r*+t-, t*t%e #"/ *"tere-t *" t#t cert#*" #rce% o %#"/ co)ere/ b& T'T No. T82803 o te L#"/ Recor/- o L#+("#, te tec"*c#% /e-cr*t*o"- o *c #re rec*te/ #bo)e, -(bCect to teo%%o*"+ co"/*t*o"- #"/ co)e"#"t-, e#c o *c *- # $#ter*#% co"-*/er#t*o" or t*- ee/:

1. So $(c o te %#"/ #- $#& be "ece--#r& -#%% be (-e/ or te co"-tr(ct*o" o # o$e or te #+e/ #"/*"*r$, re+#r/%e-- o re%*+*o" or cree/, b(t reer#b%& to-e co$*"+ ro$ '#"%(b#"+, '#%#$b#, L#+("#ro)*/e/ t#t ret*re/ #"/or #+e/ r*e-t- $#& be #/$*tte/ to te o$e #"/ ro)*/e/ (rter t#t #"& -e"*orc*t*>e" ro$ te #re# o #- ret*re/ ro$ b(-*"e-- or or< $#& %*


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It #- #+#*"-t te ore+o*"+ b#c0"$0!"- I) C$;"A"8 $ AW A;D A00ICA=! /"I)0"/D!;C!2

We D!;82

he Court of Appeals sustained the trial court.s findin3 that the donation is an onerous one sincethe donee was burdened with the establishment on the donated propert' of a home for the a3edand the infirm2 It li?ewise a3reed with the trial court that there were violations of the terms andconditions of the deed of donation when the donee thrice leased a portion of the propert' withoutthe prior written consent of the donor2 i?ewise upheld b' the appellate court is the rulin3 of thetrial court that the prescriptive period of the donor.s ri3ht to revo?e the donation is ten +14-'ears based on Article 11** of the Civil Code, instead of four +*- 'ears per Article 7@* of the sameCode, and therefore the action for revocation filed b' the petitioner is not barred b' prescription2
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!ven then, the Court of Appeals reversed the trial court.s decision, the reversal bein3 premised onthe appellate court.s findin3 that the breaches thrice committed b' the respondent weremerel' casual breaches which nevertheless did not detract from the purpose of which thedonation was made: the establishment of a home for the a3ed and the infirm2

We a3ree2

0etitioner contends that the case at bar is similar to the 199 case of 'e"tr#% *%**"e "*)er-*t& )-.'o(rt o Ae#%-,5where the donee failed for more than 4 'ears to establish, as required, a

medical school on the land donated, and where this Court declared the donation to have beenvalidl' revo?ed2

o the mind of the Court, what is applicable to this case is the more recent B%441 case of Re(b%*c)-. S*%*$,=where respondent )ilim donated a ,@446square meter parcel of land in favor of the=ureau of 0ublic )chools, >unicipalit' of >alan3as, amboan3a del )ur with the condition thatthe said propert' should be used eclusivel' and forever for school purposes onl'2 Althou3h aschool buildin3 was constructed on the propert' throu3h the efforts of the 0arent6eachersAssociation of =aran3a' Eauswa3an, the funds for a #+o"+ L*("#"school buildin3 could not bereleased because the 3overnment required that it be built on a one6hectare parcel of land2 hisled the donee therein to echan3e the donated propert' for a bi33er one2

In S*%*$, the Court distin3uished the four +*- t'pes of donations:

Donations, accordin3 to its purpose or cause, ma' be cate3oriFed as: +1- pure or simpleG +%-

remunerator' or compensator'G +&- conditional or modalG and +*- onerous2 A pure or simpledonation is one where the underl'in3 cause is plain 3ratuit'2 his is donation in its truest form2$n the other hand, a remunerator' or compensator' donation is one made for the purpose ofrewardin3 the donee for past services, which services do not amount to a demandable debt2 Aconditional or modal donation is one where the donation is made in consideration of futureservices or where the donor imposes certain conditions, limitations or char3es upon the donee,the value of which is inferior than that of the donation 3iven2 #inall', an onerous donation is thatwhich imposes upon the donee a reciprocal obli3ation or, to be more precise, this is the ?ind ofdonation made for a valuable consideration, the cost of which is equal to or more than the thin3donated2

$f all the fore3oin3 classifications, donations of the onerous t'pe are the most distinct2 his isbecause, unli?e the other forms of donation, the validit' of and the ri3hts and obli3ations of theparties involved in an onerous donation is completel' 3overned not b' the law on donations butb' the law on contracts2 In this re3ard, Article 7&& of the ;ew Civil Code provides:

A"IC! 7&& Donations with onerous cause shall be 3overned b' the rules on contracts, andremunerator' donations b' the provisions of the present itle as re3ards that portion whicheceeds the value of the burden imposed2

he donation involved in the present controvers' is one which is onerous since there is a burdenimposed upon the donee to build a school on the donated propert'2

ere, the Court of Appeals correctl' applied the law on contracts instead of the law on donationsbecause the donation involved in this case is onerous, saddled as it is b' a burden imposed uponthe donee to put up and operate a home for the a3ed and the infirm2 We thus quote with approvalthe terse rulin3 of the appellate court in the challen3ed decision:

#irst, the violations of the conditions of the donation committed b' the donee were merel' casualbreaches of the conditions of the donation and did not detract from the purpose b' which thedonation was made, i2e2, for the establishment of a home for the a3ed and the infirm2 In order fora contract which imposes a reciprocal obli3ation, which is the onerous donation in this casewherein the donor is obli3ated to donate a *1,117 square meter propert' in Canluban3, Calamba,a3una on which propert' the donee is obli3ated to establish a home for the a3ed and the infirm+!hibit C-, ma' be rescinded per Article 1191 of the ;ew Civil Code, the breach of the conditionsthereof must be substantial as to defeat the purpose for which the contract was perfected

+olentino, .Civil Code of the 0hilippines, (ol2 I(, pp2 1796154G /niversal #ood Corp2 v2 Court ofAppeals, && )C"A 1, 15G $campo v2 Court of Appeals, %&& )C"A 1, @%-2 hus, in the case of.$campo v2 C2A2 +ibid-, citin3 the case of .An3eles v2 CalasanF +1& )C"A &%&, &&4-, the )upremeCourt ruled:
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he ri3ht to rescind the contract for non6performance of one of its stipulations is notabsolute2 In /niversal #ood Corp2 v2 Court of Appeals +&& )C"A 1- the Court stated that:

he 3eneral rule is that rescission of a contract will not be permitted for a sli3ht or casual breach,but onl' for such substantial and fundamental breach as would defeat the ver' obHect of theparties in ma?in3 the a3reement +)on3 #o Co2 v2 awaiian60hilippine Co2, *7 0hil2 5%1,5%7-2he question of whether a breach of a contract is substantial depends upon the attendantcircumstances +Corpus v2 on2 Ali?pala, et al2, 6%&747 6%&7%4, an2 17, 19@5-2

he above rulin3 of the Court of Appeals is completel' in tune with this Court.s disposition in"epublic vs2 )ilim, supra2 he donor therein sou3ht to revo?e the donation on the 3round that thedonee breached the condition to eclusivel' and forever use the land for school purpose onl', butthis Court ruled in favor of the donee:

Without the sli3htest doubt, the condition for the donation was not in an' wa' violated when thelot donated was echan3ed with another one2 he purpose for the donation remains the same,which is for the establishment of a school2 he eclusivit' of the purpose was not altered oraffected2 In fact, the echan3e of the lot for a much bi33er one was in furtherance andenhancement of the purpose of the donation2 he acquisition of the bi33er lot paved wa' for therelease of funds for the construction of =a3on3 ipunan school buildin3 which could not beaccommodated b' the limited area of the donated lot2

As in S*%*$, the three +&- lease contracts herein entered into b' the donee were for the solepurpose of pursuin3 the obHective for which the donation was intended2 In fact, such lease was

authoriFed b' the donor b' epress provision in the deed of donation, albeit the prior writtenconsent therefor of the donor is needed2 ence, considerin3 that the donee.s acts did not detractfrom the ver' purpose for which the donation was made but precisel' to achieve such purpose, alac? of prior written consent of the donor would onl' constitute casual breach of the deed, whichwill not warrant the revocation of the donation2

=esides, this Court cannot consider the requirement of a prior written consent b' the donor for allcontracts of lease to be entered into b' the donee as an absolute 3round for revocation of thedonation because such a condition, if not correlated with the purpose of the donation, wouldconstitute undue restriction of the donee.s ri3ht of ownership over the donated propert'2

Instructive on this point is the rulin3 of this Court in Te Ro$#" '#to%*c Arcb*-o o !#"*%# )-.'o(rt o Ae#%-,?viF:

Donation, as a mode of acquirin3 ownership, results in an effective transfer of title over the

propert' from the donor to the donee2 $nce a donation is accepted, the donee becomes theabsolute owner of the propert' donated2 Althou3h the donor ma' impose certain conditions in thedeed of donation, the same must not be contrar' to law, morals, 3ood customs, public order andpublic polic'2

In the case at bar, we hold that the prohibition in the deed of donation a3ainst the alienation ofthe propert' for an entire centur', bein3 an unreasonable emasculation and denial of an inte3ralattribute of ownership, should be declared as an ille3al or impossible condition within thecontemplation of Article 7%7 of the Civil Code2 Consequentl', as specificall' stated in saidstatutor' provision, such condition shall be considered as not imposed2 ;o reliance ma'accordin3l' be placed on said prohibitor' para3raph in the deed of donation2 he net result isthat, absent said proscription, the deed of sale supposedl' constitutive of the cause of action forthe nullification of the deed of donation is not in truth violative of the latter, hence, for lac? of

cause of action, the case for private respondents must fail2

If petitioner would insist that the lac? of prior written consent is a resolutor' condition that isabsolute in character, the insistence would not stand the validit' test under the fore3oin3doctrine2 What would have been casual breaches of the terms and conditions of the donation,ma', in that event, even be considered as no breach at all when the Court stri?es down such

absolute condition of prior written consent b' the donor in all instances without an' eceptionwhatsoever2 he Court, however, understands that such a condition was written with a specificpurpose in mind, which is, to ensure that the primar' obHective for which the donation wasintended is achieved2 A reasonable construction of such condition rather than totall' stri?in3 itwould, therefore, be more in accord with the spirit of the donation2 hus, for as lon3 as thecontracts of lease do not detract from the purpose for which the donation was made, the
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complained acts of the donee will not be deemed as substantial breaches of the terms andconditions of the deed of donation to merit a valid revocation thereof b' the donor2

#inall', anent petitioner.s contention that the Court of Appeals failed to consider that respondenthad abandoned the idea of constructin3 a home for the a3ed and infirm, the eplanation inrespondent.s comment is enli3htenin32 0etitioner relies on =ishop =anti3ue.s letter8dated une%1, 1994 as its basis for claimin3 that the donee had alto3ether abandoned the idea ofconstructin3 a home for the a3ed and the infirm on the propert' donated2 "espondent, however,eplains that the =ishop, in his letter, written in the vernacular, epressed his concern that the

surroundin3 area was bein3 considered to be re6classified into an industrial Fone where factoriesare epected to be put up2 here is no question that this will definitel' be disadvanta3eous to thehealth of the a3ed and the infirm2 hus, the =ishop as?ed permission from the donor for apossible echan3e or sale of the donated propert' to ultimatel' pursue the purpose for which thedonation was intended in another location that is more appropriate2

he Court sees the wisdom, prudence and 3ood Hud3ment of the =ishop on this point, to which itconforms completel'2 We cannot accede to petitioner.s view, which attributed the eact oppositemeanin3 to the =ishop.s letter see?in3 permission to sell or echan3e the donated propert'2

In S*%*$, -(r#, this Court ruled that such echan3e does not constitute breach of the terms andconditions of the donation2 We see no reason for the Court to thin? otherwise in this case2 oinsist that the home for the a3ed and infirm be constructed on the donated propert', if theindustrialiFation indeed pushes throu3h, defies rh'me and reason2 An' act b' the donor toprevent the donee from ultimatel' achievin3 the purpose for which the donation was intendedwould constitute bad faith, which the Court will not tolerate2

W!"!#$"!, the instant petition is D!;I!D and the assailed decision of the Court of AppealsA##I">!D *" toto2

;o pronouncement as to costs2

)$ $"D!"!D2
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Eulo and 'ons v. oman (atholic ishop of 'an 0ablo%ar# /1, 2005Garia, .&ats;16GG: petitioner donated unto respondent a parcel of land in (alamba.&eed ofdonation also bears acceptance of done.(ondition that it be used for the buildingof an institution for thehomeless.16B7: for the purpose of generating funds for theerection of building,leased the donated property to >one4 wuth prior consent fromdonor.16B8: leased again to Hose ostre, who used it as a ranch.#n 1667,petitioners see5 revocation.?eld:(onsidering that the doneeIs actdid not detract from the very purposefor which the donation was made butprecisely to achieve suchpurposed, a lac5 of prior written consent of the donorwould onlyconstitute casual breach, which will not warrant revocation

D 0 ( # v . C b i a s>.. Ao. 1G27GG. Cctober 6, 2776.asement orpraedialservitude is an encumbrance imposed upon an immovablefor the bene%t ofanother immovable belonging to a di+erent owner. y its creation,easement isestablished either by law )in which case it is a legal easement* or by willof theparties )a voluntary easement*.#n terms of use, easement may eitherbe co nti nu ous or d is conti nuous. Dneasement is continuous if its use is, ormay be, incessant without the intervention of any act of man, li5e the easementof drainage; and it is discontinuous if it is used atintervals and depends on theact of man, li5e the easement of right of way. Theeasement of right of way

is considered discontinuous because it is e


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because its use is in intervals anddepends on the act of man. ecause of thischaracter, an easement of a right of way may only be acuired by virtue of a titlenot by prescription.The presence of more or less permanent railroadtrac5s does not, in any way, convert the nature of an easement of right ofway to one that is continuous. #tis not the presence of apparent signs or physicalindications showing the e..Ao. 1L2!16, 2B Cctober 2776*.

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