PROLOGUE

M

D V

Vocabulary Observation: to use the senses

to gather information Inference: to make a conclusion

based on observations, and previous knowledge

Instrument: a device used to help make observations

Vocabulary Classification: to group items

with similar characteristics Length:distance between two

points Mass: amount of matter in the

object Time: the duration of an event Volume: the amount of space

that an object occupies

Vocabulary Density:ratio of the mass of an

object to its volume Cyclic change: a change in the

environment that repeats itself with a reference to time and space

Prediction:an inference about the future

Dynamic Equilibrium: a balancing between two opposite forces

Vocabulary Interface:a boundary between

regions with different properties Percent deviation: aka Percent

error, how much a measurement is from a standard

Rate of change: How much something changes over time

A. Evidence and Facts

1. Observations: 1. The use of your Senses.

A. Evidence and Facts

a. Your senses are: __________, _______, __________, _______, __________.

A. Evidence and Facts

a. Your senses are:

TouchSmell

Sight

Hearing

Taste

A. Evidence and Facts

b. Instruments help us to make

observations examples are:

Ruler, Scale , Timer.

A. Evidence and Facts

2. Inferences are interpretation

or a conclusion based on

what can be Observed.

A. Evidence and Facts

a. They may or may not be a FACT

b. Also known as a hypothesis

A. Evidence and Facts

3. System of Classification

a. Based on properties Observed,

events or objects.

b. Group together similar objects to

make studying easier.

B. Properties of Objects

1. Units of Measurementa. Contain a dimensional

quantity that describe them numerically

B. Properties of Objects

1. Units of Measurement

a. Contain a dimensional quantity

that describe them

numerically

1. include: Time, Mass, Length.

B. Properties of Objects

a. Mass:

Amount of matter (grams)

B. Properties of Objects

b. Weight:

Pull of gravity on an object

B. Properties of Objects

c. Length:

Distance between two points.

B. Properties of Objectsd. Time:

Measurable period

1. Not definite: age, seconds, seasons, schedules, generation

Dimensional quantities and Comparisons

a. Densityb. Pressurec. Volume

Dimensional quantities and Comparisons

a. Density:

Measurement using massmass and volumevolume

Density PyramidDensity Pyramid

D V

M

Density of the Rubik’s Density of the Rubik’s CubeCube

What happens to the density of the Rubik’s cube when it’s broken

into smaller pieces?

Density of the Rubik’s Density of the Rubik’s CubeCube

Has it’s massmass changed?NOHas it’s volumevolume changed?NOTherefore, has it’s densitydensity

changed?NO!

Dimensional quantities and Comparisons

b. Pressure:

Force on an object compared to surface area.

Dimensional quantities and Comparisons

c. Volume: Amount of space

occupiedExpressed in cm3 or

mlV = l x w x h

ERROR

ALL MEASUREMENTS ARE NOTNOT EXACT!

Graphing

Rules to succeed

Axis

Each axis is labeled X or Y Y

X

The Y axis is vertical

The X axis is horizontal

Axis

Each axis is labeled with a titleY

X

title

title

Reading Graphs

Y

X

Age

Years

When reading a graph you say the X axis title first and the Y axis second

Reading Graphs

When reading this you say..Y

X

As X goes up Y goes up

Reading Graphs

Relationship typesY

X

This is called a direct relationship

Monkey see

Monkey do

Reading Graphs

When reading this graph you say…Y

X

When X goes up Y goes down

Reading Graphs

Relationship typesY

X

This pattern is called an inverse

or indirect relationship

Reading Graphs

Relationship typesY

X

One goes up the other goes down “opposites”

Reading Graphs

How do you read this graph?…Y

X

Mon

ey in

yo

ur p

ocke

t

Number of Stores you go into

Reading Graphs

How do you read this graph?…Y

XGra

de in

cla

ss

Days of missed class

Reading Graphs

How do you read this graph?…Y

X

Tim

e yo

u’re

gro

unde

d fo

r

Number of Times you mouth off to your parents

Reading Graphs

How do you read this graph?…Y

X

Gra

de in

cla

ss

Time spent studying

Graphs

A pattern that repeats is called a Cyclic pattern… it looks like this… Y

X

Graphs

What types of things have a cyclic pattern?

Y

X

Observation Inference Quiz

1. I had coffee this morning. 2. I am wearing a black shirt. 3. Mr. White will be absent

Monday. 4. It is a D day. 5. Apples are my favorite

fruit.

6. There is a lava lamp in this room.

7. Ms. Turose will wear a blue sweater on Tuesday.

8. It was cold out this morning. 9. Everyone ate breakfast 10. I have a twisty cheese stick

in my lunch bag.