project taipae 101
DESCRIPTION
building civilTRANSCRIPT
TAIPAE 101
• Taipei 101 features a 508-meter, • 101-story tower• a five-story deep basement• 61 elevators• most floor plan areas vary between 2000 and 2500
square meters (21,500 to 27,000 square feet), • Building aspect ratio (height/width) to the main
roof is about 9 based on its ‘waist’ (and 6.8 counting the wider base).
• Construction began in 1999 and ended this year 2004.
QUICK FACTS
The challenges to design and build a super-tall building in Taipei:
• Height • Typhoon• Winds• Frequent strong Earthquakes • Weak clayey soils
FACTORS THAT MAKE CONSTRUCTION DIFFICULT
• AS THE EARTH BENEATH TAIPAE IS SOFT CLAY IT DEMANDS UNQUELY DESIGNED FOUNDATION
• ABOVE THE GROUND EARTHQUAKE AND TYPHOON INDUCES HORIZONTAL FORCES
DESIGN CRITERA
• FOR ERATHQAUKE RESISTING :- FLEXIBLE• FOR TYPHOON RESISTING :- STIFFNESS
101’s Strengths
• Designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes.
• Withstand 134 mph winds• Withstand a 7.0 Richter scale earthquake, only
happens in a 2,500 year cycle.• Withstood a 6.8 earthquake during
construction in which a crane fell off of the tower and killed 5 people.
The structure is reinforced by a Moment Frame System linking the columns on all floors
36 columns provide vertical support, including eight mega columns around the perimeter.
The world’s largest passive tuned mass wind damper, suspended from level 92 down to level 88
The Tower is built on 380 concrete piles, sunk 80 meters into the ground
GENERAL LAYOUT OF THE BUILDING SHOWING VARIOUS ELEMENTS
SUPER CLOUMNS
OUTRIGGER TRUSS
MEGAFRAME
PILINGS
Outrigger columns are visible below the tower ’waist’ and perimeter moment frame columns are visible above.
Note a setback above each 8-story module, the tower ’waist’ and double-
notched corners for wind load reduction.
FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTIONSTEEL PILES, REBAR, & CONCRETE
FOUNDATION DETAILS
• One of the most stable buildings ever constructed
• Reinforced by 380 piles driven 262 feet into the ground
• Each pile is 5 feet in diameter and can withstand a load of 1100-1450 tons, that is 2,900,000 pounds each.
FOUNDATION DEPTH 80 METERS
Tower Podium
Clay
Colluvium 1
Colluvium 2
Sandstone
REVERSE CIRCULATION PILE
SUPER STRUCTURE CONSURCTION
STEEL SUPER COLUMNS
SUPER-COLUMN FABRICATION
WELDING OF SUPER-COLUMN
Electric Pads
CROSS-SECTION OF SUPER-COLUMN& REINFORCEMENT
FILLED WTIH HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE UPTO LEVEL 62
TUNED MASS DAMPER
• A TUNED MASS DAMPER OCCUPIES LEVEL 87 TO 91
• 736 TON SPHERE OF STACKED STEEL PLATES
• SUSPENDED FROM 4 STEEL CABLES
• IT’S A PENDULUM 0.26 OF BUILDINGS TOTAL WEIGHT
As LATERAL FORCE pass up through the structure, the ball remains all but stationary; its inertia helps to counteract the movements of the building around it, thus “dampening” the LATERAL FORCE.
PRINCIPLE BEHIND TUNED MASS DAMPER
TMD CONSTRUCTION
• Tuned mass damper of stacked field-welded steel plates will swing as a pendulum on steel cables.
Assembly of the Tuned Mass Damper
Completed Assembly of the Tuned Mass Damper
OTHER APPLICATION OF TUNED MASS DUMPER
400 kg - 14 Hz
tall and slender free-standing structures (bridges, pylons of bridges,chimneys, TV towers) which tend to be excited dangerously in one of their mode shapes by wind
Millennium Bridge
Dampers on the Millennium Bridge in London , England.
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge, between Honshu and Shikoku in Japan, currently the world's longest suspension bridge, uses pendulums within its suspension towers as tuned mass dampers.
CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS2002
ON 31 March 2002 Partially constructed building survives 6.8 magnitude earthquake undamaged.
THE PROJECT SURVIVES EARTHQUAKE IN IT’S MOST VULNERABLE STATE
• ONLY THE CRANE HAD COLAPSED • NO STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TOOK PLACE
2004 CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED
THE END
REF:-
• INTERNET• VIDEO COURTESY 1) DISCOVERY CHANNEL
2) YOUTUBE