project-pool

Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart

115/04/23

Sustainable Swimming PoolSustainable Swimming Pool

Popular Sustainable Energy Sources

1. Solar

• Thermal or PV

2. Wind Turbine

3. Heat Pumps

• Geothermal or Air to Water

4. Biomass


215/04/23

Solar PowerSolar Power

Thermal or Photovoltaic• Requires only sunshine

(Thermal requires some electrical power for pump)

• Effective in both Winter & Summer

• Sunshine unpredictable and infrequent

• Only operates during daylight hours


315/04/23

Wind TurbinesWind Turbines

Mast Mounted Rotary Blade

• Requires only wind power

• Effective in both Winter & Summer

• Wind power predictable and frequent

• Can operate 24 hours a day


415/04/23

Heat PumpsHeat Pumps

Geothermal or Air to Water

• Requires an electrical supply

(fossil fuel powered)

• More effective in Summer than Winter

• COP ratings not sufficient to justify operating cost

• Cost of electricity currently linked to cost of fossil fuels


515/04/23

BiomassBiomass

Wood Chip or Wood Pellet

• Requires a renewable source of fuel

(CO emissions still present)

• Harvesting, preparing and supplying fuel requires fossil fuel powered equipment - Cost of fuel linked to fossil fuel costs

• Large fuel storage area required


615/04/23


Aim

Reduce reliance on fossil fuels

Provide reliable source of energy

Solution

Combined benefits of sustainable systems


715/04/23


+ =

SOLAR WIND ENERGY

Combination of Solar and Wind Energy

Efficient Solar Thermal Water Heating

+

Consistency of Wind Energy


815/04/23

Energy StorageEnergy Storage

Turbine Electric Heating Layer

Solar Water Heating Layer

Insulating Layer

Air Ducts


915/04/23

Basic Operation - SolarBasic Operation - Solar


1015/04/23

Basic Operation – Wind TurbineBasic Operation – Wind Turbine


1115/04/23

Basic Operation -Air HandlingBasic Operation -Air Handling

Fresh Air Intake Return Air Intake Supply Air Exhaust Air

Mechanical Ventilation SystemDampers to control Air Changes, Air Temperature and Humidity via BMS Controls

Heater Battery


1215/04/23

Operating StrategyOperating Strategy

Wind Turbines heat thermal store to 55oC Max

Solar Panels heat thermal store to 55oC Max

Air Circulation through ducts reduce top of thermal store temperature to 35oC

35oC

55oC55oC

30oC

Remaining heat to maintain water temp at approx 30oC


1315/04/23

CalculationsCalculations

Monthly kWh required to maintain pool temp based on heatloss of 1oC per day

60000

62000

64000

66000

68000

70000

72000

74000

Energy


1415/04/23

Calculations for Thermal StoreCalculations for Thermal Store

Insulated Concrete Slab 1.2 m thick underneath pool

Heat applied to centre of slab (0.5m below pool)

•Thermal Conductivity of Concrete = 2.2 W/mK

•Thermal Resistance of Concrete = 0.5/2.2 = 0.23m2K/W

•U Value of Concrete = 1/0.23 = 4.45W/m2

•Total heat transfer from the pool base is Ф = U x A x ΔT

•Ф = 4.45 x 20 x 50 x 1 = 4.45kW


1515/04/23


Total heat Input = 97.22kW to thermal store

Heat is applied to the total area of the pool base at a rate of 4.45kW per oC of differential temperature

The temperature reduces across the concrete by a total of (97.22/4.45) = 22oC.

To maintain the pool temperature, the centre of the concrete slab will need to be (30 + 22) = 55oC


1615/04/23


97.22 kW

Thermal Store

POOL

55oC

30oC


1715/04/23

Wind PowerWind Power

Average Annual Wind Speed Data

Max 6.2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ms-1Min 4.12


1815/04/23


Wind Turbine Performance DataP

ower

Out

put k

W

Wind Speed ms-1

U50 Operating Band

50 to 150 kW


1915/04/23


Projected Wind Turbine Output DataP

ower

Out

put k

W

020406080

100120140160180

Jan

Mar

May Ju

lSe

pNov

U50U54U57


2015/04/23


Wind Turbine Output vs Input RequiredkW

h

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

100000

Jan

Mar

May Ju

lSe

pNov

Heat ReqdU50


2115/04/23


Average Solar Radiation (J/cm2)J/

cm2

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Jan

Mar

May Ju

lSe

pNov

Solar Rad


2215/04/23


Solar Panel Output vs Input Required

400 Solar Panels at 30o Elevation

kWh

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

Jan

Mar

May Ju

lSe

pNov

400 x Solar


2315/04/23

Solar + Wind PowerSolar + Wind Power

Solar + Wind Output vs Input RequiredkW

h

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Jan

Mar

May Ju

lSe

pNov

Heat ReqdTotal In


2415/04/23

Cost of Energy HarvestingCost of Energy Harvesting

Unit Required

Max kW Required

Units Required

Cost / kW Total

U-50 700 1 €1000 €700,000

Total Cost = €860,000

Panel Area Area Required

Panels Required

Unit Cost Total

2.0m2 800m2 400 €400 €160,000

WIND

SOLAR

Additional required for installation and controls?


2515/04/23

Cost of FuelCost of FuelExtract from SEAI Fuel Cost Comparison

Cheapest Gas Tariff = 2.49 cent per kWh

Cheapest Fuel – CoalDelivered Cost = 0.71 cent per kWh


2615/04/23

Equivalent Cost of GasEquivalent Cost of GasBased on the same energy requirementat a Combustion Efficiency of 95%

Total Annual cost of Gas @ 2.49 cent/kWh = €22,322.00

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

Gas

€


2715/04/23

Gas vs RenewablesGas vs Renewables

Approx Cost of Renewables

Annual Cost of Gas @ 2.49c/kWh

Equivalent Years of Gas

€860k €22,322 38

Assuming the cost of Gas Boiler = Installation cost of Renewables

Life Expectancy of Wind Turbine = 20 years

Life Expectancy of Solar Panels - indefinite


2815/04/23

Scale of ProjectScale of Project3D Scale Model of individual components

Pool

Pool Building+ Solar Panels

U-50 Wind Turbine


2915/04/23

ConclusionsConclusions

Advantages of Renewables

– “Free Energy”

– Reduced Carbon Footprint

– Low Maintenance

– Relatively Predictable

– Cost Assured following installation


3015/04/23

ConclusionsConclusions

Disadvantages of Renewables

– Capital Cost of Installation

– Planning Restrictions

– Turbine Noise

– Back-up required

– Payback period equals service life


3115/04/23

References & AcknowledgementsReferences & Acknowledgements

SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland)

MET Eireann

Cement Roadstone Holdings

Unison Wind Turbines

www.irishpvandwind.ie

www.lightbucket.com

www.brighthub.com

www.weibull.com

project-pool

Documents

pool heat

air temperature

o c remaining heat

o c max air circulation

air changes

sunshine thermal

o c max solar panels

wind power effective