project motivation & description accomplished work future work
TRANSCRIPT
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GREENER SOLVENT SELECTION
AND SOLVENT RECYCLING
FOR CAPTURE
NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates
August 04, 2011
Ghinwah Hachem
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OUTLINE
Project Motivation & Description
Accomplished Work
Future Work
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COAL-FIRED ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Coal-fired power plants provide
44.9 % of the electricity consumed
in the USA.
847 billion tons of coal reserves
worldwide will last around 119 years
at current rates of production.
Coal generates 25 % of global
greenhouse gas emissions.
CO2 makes up 77 % of global
greenhouse gas emissions.http://www.worldcoal.org/coal , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States
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CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONS
http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sccs/capture/ , Integrated Framework for Solvent Selection and Solvent Recycling for CO2 Capture: August 09 Monthly Report. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. Product ID # 069040
Carbon Capture Systems:1. Post-Combustion
2. Pre-Combustion
3. Oxy-Fuel Combustion
Separation Techniques:1. Physical Absorption
2. Chemical Absorption
3. Adsorption
4. Membrane Separation
5. Cryogenic Separation
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POST – COMBUSTION CARBON CAPTURE
Physical and chemical absorption, using amine solvents, for gases with low concentrations of CO2. CO2 stripping and solvent regeneration. High energy penalty: 20-40% of plant’s power output
Folger, P. (2010). Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment . Congressional Research Service, (p. 99)
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REDUCTION OF ENERGY PENALTY BY: Using different solvents:
Monoethanolamine (MEA)Diethanolamine (DEA)Amino Methyl Propanol (AMP)Solvents with solubility parameters similar to that of CO2
Varying design conditionsHeights of columnsFeed location
Varying operating conditionsOperating temperatureOperating pressureSolvent flowrate
http://michelledagninosblog.blogspot.com/
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Use a numerical optimization technique, Simulated Annealing (SA), to minimize the energy consumed by the carbon capture process.
OPTIMIZATION
Diwekar, U. Introduction to Applied Optimization 2nd Edition. Clarendon Hills: Springer.
Model: Simulation developed in Aspen Plus Decision Variables: Model Parameters Objective Function: Energy Constraints: mass and energy balance, reaction kinetics
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FIRST ASSIGNMENT
Solvent = 30 weight percent MEA solution Rate-based model NOT Equilibrium Model
Perform Parametric Studies
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% CO2 CAPTURED & STRIPPER REBOILER DUTY
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% CO2 CAPTURED & STRIPPER REBOILER DUTY
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% CO2 CAPTURED & STRIPPER REBOILER DUTY
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Possible combinations:
Where:
1005 = 100 samples of each of the 5 continuous variables
Na = Maximum number of trays in absorber
Ns = Maximum number of trays in stripper Na ! = Possible absorber feed tray locations Ns ! = Possible stripper feed tray locations
Use simulated annealing, a numerical optimization method, to minimize the energy penalty.
IMPORTANCE OF SA
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SECOND ASSIGNMENT
Read “Introduction to Applied Optimization” Use SA to solve an example problem in Aspen Plus
1. Understand what Simulated Annealing (SA) is
2. Become Familiar with the CAPE-OPEN SA Capability in Aspen Plus
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Global optimization technique that: Mimics physical annealing: Heating and controlled cooling of a material which allows atoms to find configurations with lower internal energy compared to their initial configurations.
WHAT IS SA?
High Temperature Low Temperature
http://on.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated-Annealing , Diwekar, U. Introduction to Applied Optimization 2nd Edition. Clarendon Hills: Springer.
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Goal: Minimize Objective Function
Multiply by (-) to maximize
Specify: Binary variables AND discrete variables
Discretize continuous variables
Equality constraints AND inequality constraints
Initial temperature
Freezing temperature
Temperature decrement
Simple rule: Tnew = α Told where 0.8≤ α ≤0.99
HOW IS SA APPLIED?
Temperature is a parameter
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EXAMPLE PROBLEM
Maintain constant temperature by: Varying oxygen flow-rate between 5000
and 10000 kmol / hr Maximizing water flow-rate
(-water flow-rate = cost)
Oxy
gen
km
ol /
hr
Wa
ter
kmo
l / h
r
OXYGEN FLOW-RATE: 5800 kmol / hr
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Continuous Variables Stripper reflux ratio : optimum at 0.017 LEAN-IN Pressure : optimum at 1.05 atm RICH-IN Pressure : optimum at 1.07 atm LEAN-IN Temperature: optimum at 42.28 ⁰ C Moles CO2 / Mole MEA: optimum at 0.25
Integer Variables Stripper feed stage: optimum at stage 6
SA FOR CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEM
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Understood performance of MEA rate based system1. Parametric studies2. Simulated annealing
Perform parametric studies and simulated annealing on:1. DEA system
2. MEA+DEA system
3. New Solvent
SUMMARY & FUTURE WORK
http://4photos.net/en/image:111-195616-save_energy_pictures_images
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
National Science Foundation
EEC-NSF Grant # 1062943
Dr. Urmila Diwekar
Dr. Juan Salazar
Dr. Christos Takoudis
Dr. Greg Jursich