The Muscles of the Head & Neck

The Muscles of the Head & Neck Dequan Floyd 3-5-15The Facial Muscles

FrontalisOccipitalis Orbicularis oculiOrbicularis oris Buccinator Zygomaticus major & minorPlatysma Levator labii superioris Depressor labii inferioris Risorius Mentalis Corrugator supercilii Insertions, Origin, and Action of Facial Muscles

Frontalis- forehead to Galea aponeuroticaOccipitalis: Galea aponeurotica to occipital bone They both raises the eyebrows Orbicularis oculi: circular muscle around the eyes Blinks and closes eyes.Orbicularis oris: circular muscle around the mouth Closes and protrudes lipsBuccinator: alveolar processes of manible and maxilla to skin around the mouth Flattens cheek against teeth.

Zygomaticus Major & Minor: zygomatic bone to angle of mouthRaises corner of mouth.Platysma: from edge of deltoid and pectoralis magor muscles upward to lower border of mandible Draws mouth downwardLevator labii superioris: maxilla to orbicularis orisRaises upper lip Depressor labii inferioris: mandible to orbicularis oris Depresses lower lip Risorius: fascia over parotid gland to skin at angle of mouth Draws angle of mouth laterally as in grimacing Mentalis : found in the middle of the body of the mandible between the 2 mental foramen Pouting Corrugator supercilii: above superciliary arch of frontal bone medical to eyebrowsWrinkles skin of forehead as in frowning

Muscles of Mastication

Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Insertion, Origin, & Action of the Mastication muscles

Temporalis: parietal bone to coronoid process of mandible Elevates, retracts and laterally moves mandible Masseter: maxilla and zygomatic arch to angle and ramus of mandibleElevates mandible as in closing mouth Medial Pterygoid: pterygoid process of sphenoid bone to angle and ramus of mandible Elevates and protracts mandible and moves mandible from side to side Lateral Pterygoid: pterygoid process of sphenoid bone to condyle of mandible Protracts mandible, depresses mandible, as in opening mouth and moves mandible from side to side

Muscles of the neck

Digastric Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Sternocleidomastoid Anterior scaleneMiddle scalene Posterior scalene

Insertion, Origin, and Action of Neck Muscles

Digastric- anterior belly: mandible to hyoid/ posterior belly: from hyoid to mastoid process of temporal bone Elevates hyoid bone , depresses mandible as in opening the mouth

Stylohyoid

Styloid process of temporal bone to hyoid bone

Elevates hyoid Mylohyoid

Inside, sides of mandible to hyoid bone Elevates hyoid Geniohyoid

Inside, middle of mandible to hyoid bone Elevates hyoid Omohyoid

Superior border of scapula to hyoid boneDepresses hyoid bone Sternohyoid

Medial end of clavicle/ manubrium of sternun to hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone

Sternothyroid

Manubrium of sternum to thyroid cartilage Depresses thryoid cartilage Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone Elevates thryoid cartilage

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Sternum and clavicle to mastoid process of temporal bone Laterally rotate the head The Scalenes

Anterior : c-3 thru c-6 to first rib Middle: c-2 thru c-7 to first rib Both anterior and middle scalenes elevates 1st rib during inhalation. Posterior: c-4 thru c-6 to 2nd rib Elevates 2nd rib during inhalation. The Head & Neck disorders

Balance disorder: you feel unsteady or dizzy, as if you are moving, spinning, or floating, even though you are standing still or lying down Bells Palsy: is a form of temporary facial paralysis resulting from damage or trauma to one of the 2 facial nerves. Common cause of facial paralysis. Temporomandibular joint: commonly called TMJ are a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement. Whip

Muscle disorders of the Head and Neck

Muscular torticollis: this is the most common type of fixed torticollis. It is caused by scarring or tighten muscles on one side of the neck. inCervical dystonia: this rare disorder is sometimes referred to as spasmodic torticollis. It causes neck muscles to contract in spasms. If you have cervical dystonia, your head twists or turns painfully to one side. inTension headache: this type of headache can cause mild or moderate pain in the head, neck, and behind the eyes. Some patients say that a tension headache feels like a tight band around their foreheads. Indicated