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Progressive Reform 1901-1918

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Page 1: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

Progressive Reform

1901-1918

Page 2: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

The Progressive EraRepresented a dramatic shift in government

People began to look to gov. to solve their problems

Major change from the Gilded Age

Rejection of unrestrained capitalism

Progressives did not intend to destroy system only to increase government intervention

Lead primarily by activist Presidents

Starting with T. Roosevelt in 1901

Brings the presidency into the modern era

President more powerful than Congress

Page 3: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

T. Roosevelt (1901-1909)Pragmatic leader

Roosevelt’s strength: his ability to control public opinion

“Bully pulpit”

Favored increasing regulation of business

Portrayed as a “trustbuster”

Immediately attacks RR trust (Northern Securities)

Revival of antitrust laws

1902 Coal Miner’s Strike

Worked as a mediator to bring strike to an end

Major change from previous Presidents

Roosevelt believe in the Square Deal: Business and labor should be treated fairly by federal gov.

Elkins Act

Hepburn Act

Page 4: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

T. Roosevelt (1901-1909)Favored increasing consumer protections

Meat Inspection Act

Prompted by Sinclair’s The Jungle

Pure Food and Drug Act

Advocate of conservationist policies

Public land for national parks/reserves

Created National Forest Service

Lead by Gifford Pinchot (multiuse approach)

Page 5: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 6: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 7: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

W. Taft (1909-1913)Taft was Roosevelt’s appointed successor

Taft was never as effective as TR

Lacked TR’s charisma and forceful personality

More prolific trust buster then TR but received little credit

Taft was closely tied to the “old guard” of the Rep. party

Passed Payne Aldrich Tariff helping business

Angered Progressive factions of his party

Had a falling out with TR

Ballinger Pinchot controversy

Lead to TR’s decision to challenge Taft in 1912

Page 8: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 9: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 10: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

Election of 1912Major split occurs in Republican Party

“Old Guard” Republicans able to nominate Taft

TR runs as a Progressive (“Bull Moose” Party)

Republican majority split by third party

Democrat, Wilson easily wins election

Socialist Debs receives 900k votes

Progressive candidates receive approx. 77% of the vote

Voters clearly favored reform

Wilson’s New Freedom defeats TR’s New Nationalism

Less government intervention under Wilson

Page 11: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 12: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 13: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 14: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 15: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

W. Wilson (1913-1921)Skillful politician and uncompromising idealist as President

Tariff Reform

Underwood Simmons tariff lowered rates

Banking Reform

Modernizes the banking and currency system

Federal Reserve Act

Corporate regulation

Establishes Federal Trade Comission

Clayton Antitrust Act

Worker protection laws

Keating Owen Act

Workmen’s Compensation Act

Page 16: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

W. Wilson (1913-1921)Wilson over saw the passage of four Progressive

Amendments to the Constitution

16th Amendment (1913)

Allows federal income tax

17th Amendment (1913)

Direct election of Senators

18th Amendment (1918)

Prohibition

19th Amendment (1920)

Women’s Suffrage*

Page 17: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major
Page 18: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

• Where did the Progressives fall short?

• What’s next?

Page 19: Progressive Reform 1901-1918 The Progressive Era Represented a dramatic shift in government People began to look to gov. to solve their problems Major

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