progressivism · politics: presidents of the progressive era teddy roosevelt (r) 1901-1909 william...
TRANSCRIPT
Progressivism
Cities: •Cleaner
•Safer
•Less Disease
•More Education
•Assistance to Poor
•Child Services
1905: “Bathroom" in a New York City cold-water tenement flat.
Toilets like this, 4 per floor, were communal
Progressive
Movement
Social Progress
Recall
Allows voters to petition if
necessary and have an elected
representative removed from
office.
Initiative
Allows voters to petition state
legislatures in order to consider
a bill desired by citizens.
Referendum
Allows voters to decide if a bill
or proposed amendment
should be passed.
State Government Reforms
Politics: Presidents of the
Progressive Era
Teddy Roosevelt
(R)
1901-1909
William Taft
(R)
1909-1913
Woodrow Wilson
(D)
1913-1921
Teddy
Roosevelt:
Trust Buster
TR wanted to use the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to actually go after “bad” trusts One’s that hurt
the public
TR was not always consistent: Initiated suits against Tobacco, DuPont, Standard Oil, & Railroads
Teddy Roosevelt: Trust Buster
TR created 1st comprehensive
national conservation policy:
Defined “conservation” as
wise use of natural resources
Teddy Roosevelt: Conservation
1902 to 1903 Coal Strike
•Union wanted shorter days and higher wages
•Owners of coal mine said no…
•Workers strike
•Winter, nation needed coal to heat homes
•Coal supplies drops dangerously low
•TR calls a conference at the White House
Teddy Roosevelt: Justice and Labor
T-Rex orders ‘Collective Bargaining’
•Journalists and photographers
who exposed abuses of wealth
and power
•Uncovered secrets of corporate
greed and effect on workers and the
public
•They felt it was their job to write and
expose corruption in industry, cities
and government
Progressives exposed corruption but usually offered no solutions
Muckrakers
Muckrakers
Muckrakers •Thomas Nast:
•Political cartoons
•Exposed corruption in New York City
gov’t: Tweed Ring at Tammany Hall
•Jacob Riis:
•Photographer
•How the Other Half Lives
•Exposed horrible living
conditions in slums of cities
•Focused on poor in tenements
•Response: new regulations for
building construction and
inspection
Upton Sinclairs, The Jungle, exposed filthy,
unsanitary working conditions and corruption
in a meatpacking company in Chicago
Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
McClure’s Magazine
1904 - Ida Tarbell, History of Standard Oil
Rockefeller’s monopolistic practices
1904 – Lincoln Steffens, Shame of the Cities
Corruption in urban politics
•Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
•Labels with medicine as well as food.
•Contents of food and drug packages must
be listed
•All additives/chemicals
must be listed on labels.
•FDA today or Food and Drug
Administration
•Moved into poor communities
•Their settlement houses served as community centers and social service agencies.
•Hull House, founded by Jane Addams a model settlement house in Chicago, offered cultural events, classes, childcare, employment assistance, and health-care clinics.
The Settlement
House Movement
Social welfare reformers work to relieve urban
poverty
•To provide a center for higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises.
•To investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago.
•To help assimilate the immigrant population
RUN BY COLLEGE EDUCATED WOMEN provide educational, cultural, social services send visiting nurses to the sick help with personal, job, financial problems
Jane
Addams
SOCIAL GOSPEL
Pioneer in the field of social work
who founded the settlement house
movement through the
establishment of Hull House in
Chicago, Illinois.
Margaret
Sanger
Educated urban poor about the
benefits of family planning through
birth control. She founded the
organization that became Planned
Parenthood.
Social Reformers
“The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism.
I am for Socialism because I am for humanity."
16th
Amendment:
Income Tax (1913) Progressive income tax
assigned higher tax rates to people with
higher incomes.
(1913)
Increased voters’ power and
reduced corruption in
Senate
Banned interlocking directors from forming trusts
Held business officers personally liable for monopolies
Helped workers by allowing strikes & banning injunctions
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
Supreme Court legalized
segregation throughout nation
“Separate but Equal”
as long as public facilities were
equal
•Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities
social reality
After Reconstruction, there were several ways that Southern states kept Blacks
from voting and segregated, or separating people by the color of their skin in public
facilities.
Jim Crow laws, laws at the local and state level which segregated whites from blacks and kept African Americans as 2nd class
citizens and from voting.
poll taxes
literacy tests
grandfather clause
"It's like writing history
with lightning. And my
only regret is that it is all
terribly true.“ –
Woodrow Wilson
A New Generation Women’s Suffrage
19th Amendment provides full suffrage to women in all the states, 1920.
New Generation Women’s Suffrage
Most successful and well known WCTU reformer was Carrie
Nation.
She would march into a bar and sing and pray,
while smashing bar fixtures and stock with
a hatchet.
18th
Amendment:
Prohibition
(1919) Banned
manufacture and
sale of alcoholic
beverages