progress with beam mike lamont. bunch trains and crossing angles at injection werner herr et al 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Progress with beam
Mike Lamont
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BUNCH TRAINS AND CROSSING ANGLES AT INJECTION
Werner Herr et al
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Bunch trains and crossing angles at injection
3Werner Herr
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Observations
4Werner Herr
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…
5Werner Herr
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Individual bunch behaviour
6Werner Herr
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Beam-beam summary
8Werner Herr
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GLOBAL APERTURE MEASUREMENTS AT 450 GEV WITH 170 URAD CROSSING ANGLE
R. Assmann, R. Giachino, M. Giovannozzi, D. Jacquet, L. Ponce, S. Redaelli, J. Wenninger
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Global aperture measurement Open collimators Measure loss map (crossing 1/3 resonance) to
determine minimum aperture in the ring. Close primary collimator until the largest loss peak is
onto the collimator. Repeat for both beams and planes.
Off-momentum aperture performed RF frequency changed to get 1.5×10-3 Dp/p
(compatible with n1 computations). Repeat excitation on resonance.
Method
14/09/2010 10LHC Beam Commissioning - MG
The Assmann method
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On-momentum aperture (expressed in terms of nominal sigmas)
Aperture bottlenecks:
Off-momentum contribution: Beam 1 (H): reduction by 1.5 sigma Beam 2 (H): reduction by less than 1 sigma
Results
14/09/2010 11LHC Beam Commissioning - MG
Horizontal Vertical
Beam 1 12.5 13.5
Beam 2 14.0 13.0
Horizontal Vertical
Beam 1 Q6.R2 Q4.L6
Beam 2 Q5.R6 Q4.R6
Massimo Giovannozzi
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Few images – IR2
LHC Beam Commissioning - MG 1214/09/2010
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Standard question n1=7 sigma gives an aperture of 7×1.2=8.4 sigma: what is the
reason for the discrepancy? Tolerances used for the computation of n1:
Beta-beating -> 20%: it seems in good agreement with measurements.
CO budget -> 4 mm (radial): it seems rather pessimistic (see later). Mechanical -> fixed tolerances with cold bore measured profiles:
might be pessimistic. We should not forget about the factor 1.2 to translate from n1 to
apertures: is it still adequate?
Comments
14/09/2010 13LHC Beam Commissioning - MG
Massimo Giovannozzi
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Change from initial expectation (thanks to the outstanding machine quality): no many distributed bottlenecks all around the arcs.
Also at injection, we have isolated bottlenecks in the IRs (seen already in sector test measurements).
Implications on machine protection to be carefully evaluated.
No bottleneck in the triplet was found. The 170 mrad crossing angle can be used in operation at injection (in terms of aperture).
It would be nice to be allowed to measure aperture at top energy! To be seen how to extrapolate at top energy these results (min b*)…
Aperture - Conclusions
14/09/2010 14LHC Beam Commissioning - MG
Massimo Giovannozzi
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Plenty of aperture at triplets: > 13 s (n1 > 10) Can open tertiary collimators, e.g. to 13 s at injection. Will provide 6 s margin to injection and dump protection.
Can stay with 170 mrad crossing angle at injection. Only possible reason to change: simplify operational procedure:
same settings at injection and top energy. Subsequent decision
Stay with 170urad crossing angle at injection This will then be valid for all bunch spacing in the future Open tertiary collimators to 13 s at injection (from 8.5 s)
Agreed bunch train configuration
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IR450 GeVFlat-top
SqueezeStable beams
1 -170 -100
2 170 110
5 170 100
8 -170 100
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OPTICS MEASUREMENTS AND CORRECTIONS AT BETA*=3.5M
C. Alabau, R. Calaga, R. Miyamoto, F. Schmidt,
R. Tomás and G. Vanbavinckhove
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Optics
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K-modulation, IP8 Q1s
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Beta*rom K-modulation & ac dipole
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Rogelio’s conclusions
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RFP. Baudrenghien, A. Butterworth BE-RF
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LHC Beam Commissioning meeting 22
Old ramp vs. new ramp
9/14/2010
2 A/s ramp (~ 45 min long) Longitudinal Blow-up in SPS:
~ 1.5 ns, 0.5 eVs Capture with matched voltage
3.5 MV Voltage rise from 3.5 MV to
5.5 MV in parabolic part of ramp, then constant 5.5 MV
Only 4 lines per beam
10 A/s ramp (1020 s long) Longitudinal Blow-up in SPS:
1.5 ns, 0.5 eVs Capture with matched 3.5 MV Voltage rise from 3.5 MV to 8
MV from start ramp to end ramp. 8 MV in physics
8 lines per beam
RF bucket at 450 GeV unchanged: Bucket area 0.94 eVs
Bucket Half Height Dp/p 6.6E-4 Synchrotron freq: 42 Hz
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LHC Beam Commissioning meeting 23
Old bucket vs. new bucket @ 3.5 TeV
9/14/2010
5.5 MV Bucket area 3.3 eVs Bucket half height Dp/p: 3E-
4 Synchrotron freq: 19 Hz
8 MV Bucket area 4.0 eVs Bucket half height
Dp/p:3.6E-4 Synchrotron freq: 23 Hz
Motivation:Higher voltage to reduce losses during physics. Would
go to 12 MV in 2010. Design value is 16 MV
Linear voltage rise makes bunch length control easier
No cavity left idling without feedback to prepare for high intensity
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LHC Beam Commissioning meeting 24
Longitudinal blow-up
9/14/2010
Previous target: 1.4 ns New target: 1.2 ns (design report value). Presently 1.3 ns
Blow-up with old 2A/s ramp
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LHC Beam Commissioning meeting 25
Longitudinal blow-up with new ramp (3)
9/14/2010
Ramp 3: Sept 14, early morning
Blow-up a bit too strong: in the last third of ramp
But we end-up with correct 1.3 ns long bunches
Since optimizedBlow-up settings
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Bumps in ramp trivially at constant amplitude Extended ramp (now 1400 s)
6 minutes at flat-top for programmed correction of b3 decay Crossing angles reduced from 170 to 100/110 in first
100 s of squeeze – slight change of beta* in point 8 Disable all BPMs in the bumps in OFB
Crossing angle held constant thereafter Separation bumps off in collision beam process
108 s Alice now has beams separated with the right sign Previous lumi scan trims magically appear as well
Ramp & squeeze
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Commissioning bunch trains
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INJECTION & PROTECTION
W.Bartmann, C.Bracco, B.Goddard, V.Kain, M.Meddahi, V.Mertens, A.Nord, J.Uythoven, J.Wenninger, OP, BI, CO, ABP, collimation, …
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Injecting 150 ns trains of 4 and 8b
22 minutes to fill
(2x13 injections)
52b in 150 ns trains of 4b
28b in 150 ns trains (1x 4b, 3x 8b)
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Issues with protection device settings
TCDQ at 3.5 s while injecting nominal 4b Ramped TCDQ to 3.5 TeV settings while at 450 GeV Understood where problem came from
Pilot circulating well, no interlock anywhere Combination of HW bug, settings tests and executing a collimator
subsequence with pilot circulating. Would be good to catch this kind of gross error before injecting (e.g.
if tungsten collimator moved in by error) Make 1st injection ‘minimum quantum’ from injector chain?? Before any other fixes, need to make sure NO changes between
injection of pilot and first high intensity batch – procedure for OP to check
Brennan Goddard
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Beam loss margins
Data taken with 4b and 8b injections At least 1 day after setup of lines and TCDIs For 4.6 Gy/s B1 and B2 MQM/MQML thresholds, 80b injection OK Seems to be enough margin for 2010 (36b per injection)
B1 – 4b
B2 - 4b
Nb B1* B2*
4b – TCDI 40-75 15-30
8b - TCDI 12-15 5-8
4b – TCTVB 74 70
8b - TCTVB 5** 17
*Q8 for B1, Q7 for B2 : note that dump
threshold for Q8 (B1 limit) is factor 2 higher
than Q7 for B2
**Before B1 RF adjustments
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Phase (deg)
TC
DI ed
ge
(nom
inal
sig
ma)
29053
29512
2923729538
TI 2 vertical
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Phase (deg)
TC
DI ed
ge
(nom
inal
sig
ma)
2905329468
2923729208
TI 2 horizontal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Phase (deg)
TC
DI ed
ge
(nom
inal
sig
ma)
87804
87645
87704
TI 8 vertical
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Phase (deg)
TC
DI ed
ge
(nom
inal
sig
ma)
87904
87441
88126
TI 8 horizontal
OK
OK
OK
NOT OK
• TCDI protection level measured at 5.0 sigma jaw setting (will use 4.5 sigma)
• 3oo4 validations look fine (pending analysis of full impact loss maps)
• TI 2 vertical plane not OK – knob problem and time limited – to remeasure (1h)
System limit (protection tolerance)
Nominal setting
Setting + tolerance
Brennan Goddard
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Inj&Pro’s Conclusions
Trajectories and TCDI setup done Adjustments made after LHC3 energy, to return to nominal
situation (TCDI centres rechecked – very small changes) Needs ~4h to reset up and check lines if drifts accumulate
150 ns trains of 4 and 8b injected without problems Loss margins checked, and look OK to max 40-80b per
injection Injection protection system validation checks ongoing Validated at 5 s, and operate at 4.5 s if possible Need to monitor injection oscillations and LHC orbit, to
ensure tolerances Plan for increasing injected intensity looks feasible, to 24
and possibly eventually 36b. Will spend some weeks with 12b per injection.
Brennan Goddard
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IR7 – rely on correcting back in 12th June reference IR3
readjust beam 2 – cure anomaly new orbit reference in IR3
Adjust tertiary collimators 1. 450 GeV Constant setting in ramp 2. Reduce crossing angle – re-centre TCTs 3. Squeeze – set TCTs to 15 sigma
Hold orbit, follow nominal beam size 4. Collapse separation bumps
Collimation
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TCT in squeeze – beam sigma
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TCT in squeeze – beam position
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TCT in squeeze – jaw position
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TCT in squeeze – jaw position plus tolerances
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Protection against beam losses is qualified by (1) generating strong diffusive losses (loss maps), (2) energy errors (off-momentum loss maps) (3) by a beam dump with beam inside the abort gap
(asynchronous dump test). These test most (all?) irregular beam loss scenarios. All results are as expected, no unexpected loss location
or leakage.
Collimator setup - qualification
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Ralph Assmann
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Questionable loss map
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Daniel Wollmann
momentum losses with +900Hz. we seem now to have a hierarchy problem
in IR3 B2 for particles with a lower momentum.
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Qualification - status
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End ramp • Betatron OK• -900 Hz OK• +900 Hz to do
Reduced crossing angle
• Betatron all planes OK• Off momentum all OK except B2
3.5 m separation bump off
• Set-up ongoing • need 3 fills for qualification
BIAG dumps • To do at each set-up point
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Commissioning bunch trains status
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TDI checks and maybe measure again 1-2 phases in the TLs - so another 4 hours should do it
Request to do some loss tests whenever possible. RADMONs have been installed closed to the triggering QPS
racks and the QPS team has applied a firmware update for which there is no more need of access in case of SEE. The desired intensity is 10^11.
Test flat bottom with fixed 7 MV and adiabatic voltage reduction for few seconds at each injection
Quench levels at 450 GeV
BTC – other
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Plans for increasing injected intensity
Progressively increase injected intensity Stay with 8/12b, until step to 144/192b total Option for 400b to use 24 or 36b per injection
STEPS # bunches/beam # SPS bunch trains # SPS bunches/train # bunches/injection # injections E/inj [MJ] I/inj (e12) E/total (MJ @ 3.5 TeV)
A 48 1 4 4 12 0.03 0.4 2.6948 1 8 8 6 0.06 0.8 2.6996 1 8 8 12 0.06 0.8 5.3896 1 12 12 8 0.09 1.2 5.38
144 1 12 12 12 0.09 1.2 8.06B 144 2 12 24 6 0.17 2.4 8.06
192 2 12 24 8 0.17 2.4 10.75240 2 12 24 10 0.17 2.4 13.44288 2 12 24 12 0.17 2.4 16.13336 2 12 24 14 0.17 2.4 18.82
C 396 3 12 36 11 0.26 3.6 22.18
A: commission 4/8/12 bunches per train AND injected into the LHCB: commission 24 injected into the LHCC: commission 36 injected into the LHC
Start this weekend with 3*8
Brennan & Malika
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Interesting results from aperture and beam-beam studies Interesting consequences for future operation
Systematic optimization with good results: Optics RF Feedbacks…
Bunch train commissioning progressing well and on track to deliver first bunch train collisions this weekend Just inside the estimated 2 weeks required commissioning time Many thanks to collimation and injection & protection teams
Conclusions
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