Europe at the Heart of Internationalisation

The increasing internationalisation of

European Higher Education –

a global dimension for the EU

Professor Sir Ian Diamond

26/06/13

Europe in a global dimension – staying competitive

UK universities teach 133,000 students and employ over 33,700 staff

from the rest of the EU.

FP7 will grow GDP by nearly 1% and create 900,000 additional jobs.

Ultimately whether universities get resource from government or from

students this comes from growth.

Greatest challenge is global competitiveness research, education and

innovation. Europe 2020 target of investing 3% of GDP in R&D could

create 3.7 million jobs and increase annual GDP by close to €800 billion

by 2025.

Other countries are investing massively eg China, USA, India, Brazil

THE World Tables 2012

Scotland 4

UK 31

Europe 86

US 76

ROW 34

A New Agenda?1490s: University of Aberdeen

‘the priceless pearl of knowledge which opens the mind to the clearer understanding of the secrets of the Universe, and raises those of humble origin to the highest rank.’

‘rude, ignorant of letters, almost barbarians’

Source: Aberdeen Supplication to the Vatican, MacFarlane, William Elphinstone and the Kingdom of Scotland

Roles of a Twenty-First Century University I

• educate the highly skilled workforce of the future

University of Aberdeen

• EU Students: Total (FTEs)- 2,495.8

– Total PGR - 134.7

– Total PGT - 166.0

– Total UG - 2,195.2

• Largest sending countries

– Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, France, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Ireland, (England)

Study Abroad

Benefits of student mobility

• For the student: cultural, academic, linguistic; job prospects

• For the institution: promoting international networks of students, staff and alumni; recruitment

• For society: contributing to future prosperity through fostering an internationally employable workforce

Increasing emphasis on value of international mobility internationally

European context:

• EU Erasmus for All Programme 2014-2020

• Bologna Process mobility target

International best practice:

• Australia: Australian Education International

• USA: Institute of International Education

• Germany: DAAD

• Brazil: Students without Borders

UK situation: a host country but not a sending country

• For every 15 international students in the UK, there is only one UK student studying for a degree abroad

– British Academy Language Matters

– UoA Sustained Study

• ‘Think Global’ study – 74% of top employers concerned that students not equipped to succeed in a globalised and multicultural economy

• Erasmus numbers growing but still low

Not just Student Mobility

• Staff

• Researchers

• Note potential reciprocity

• Opportunities for strategic partnerships eg to overcome student challenges

Roles of a Twenty-First Century University II

• produce research which is truly addressing exciting new problems and undertaking this research to the highest methodological and ethical standards

Global context: competition

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EU 27

United States

China

United KingdomGermany

France

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EU 27

United States

China

United Kingdom

Germany

France

Brazil

India

• EU cannot be complacent– Other countries are

investing massively

• European Universities have track-record in producing high return despite declining investment

• EU can compete on research quality– EU share of the very

highest cited research is still increasing

– But pinnacles are hard to maintain without concentrated resource ...

Global Context: EU share

Based on data from Elsevier, report for BIS, “International Comparative

Performance of the UK Research Base” 2011. EU estimated from 22 major

EU countries with data available

-5.00%

-4.00%

-3.00%

-2.00%

-1.00%

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

Change in EU share of world 2006-10

Internationally co-authored articles are more highly cited

International research collaboration is high and growing world wide

Collaboration

• UK researchers are globally connected

Collaboration

The best researchers are globally connected

Many collaborations have a higher impact than national average even where partner nation impact lower than world average

Elsevier, report for BIS, “International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base” 2011

Messages on Research

• Knowledge knows no nation state boundaries

• Collaboration not competition

• Collaboration not just where big kit

• Examples both multi country and institution –ESS, CERN; and simply experts partnering

• But need money - Horizon 2020

Why should Europe invest in Horizon 2020?

€1 of EU FP6&7 funding lead to an increase in industry added value of €13 on

average.

Achieving the

Europe 2020

target of

investing 3%

of GDP in

R&D could

create 3.7

million jobs

and increase

annual GDP

by close to

€800 billion

by 2025.

The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation

Excellent Science

€26.6 billion

Industrial Leadership

€17.9 billion

Societal Challenges

€31.7 billion

European Institute for Innovation and TechnologyEURATOM / (ITER)

Joint Research Centre

€ 80 billion over 2014-2020 – but note negotiations (70.2bn)

Horizon 2020: Excellent Science

European Research CouncilFrontier research by the best individual teams

Future and Emerging TechnologiesCollaborative research to open new fields ofInnovation

Marie Curie actionsOpportunities for training and career development

Research infrastructures (including e-infrastructure)Ensuring access to world-class facilities

•Excellence is the only criteria – international peer review

•Success rate only 14%

•Open to top researchers from anywhere in the world to move to ERA

Includes mobility funding for PhDs and career development

€ 13.3 billion

€ 3.1 billion

€ 5.6 billion

€ 2.5 billion

Horizon 2020: Societal Challenges and Industrial Leadership

Societal Challenges

Health

Food

Climate and resource

Transport

Energy

Inclusive societies

Secure societies

Industrial Leadership

Access to risk financeLeveraging private finance

Innovation in SMEs

Leadership in enabling andindustrial technologies

(ICT, nanotech, materials,biotech, manufacturing, space)

EIT

(€1.4 bn+ € 1.4 bnfrom societal challenges and LEIT

SMEs expected 15% of societal challenges + LEIT €6.8 bn

€8 bn

€4.1 bn

€3.2 bn

€6.8 bn

€5.8 bn

€3.8 bn(Split to be decided)

€3.5 bn

€619 million

€13.8 bn

€2.8 bn

Specific international and widening participation actions?

Changes from Framework Programme 7 (some to be confirmed)

Simplification:

H2020 proposes:• Major simplification• “Seamless” integration of research and innovation• Greater support for close-to-market activities• More possibilities for new entrants (notably SMEs) to obtain funding

The Funding Jungle:

Funding rates for universities: (Council political agreement)

•100% of direct costs plus flat 25% of this for indirect costs•Should cover all university work including close to market•No real full cost option -•Limited salary bonuses• Non-recoverable VAT?

The funding jungle:• EU technical and administrative support for coordinating national research funders in single actions (ERA NET) • EU contributions combined with national funding (ERA NET plus, article 185)• Both coordinating and EU financial contributions to bringing together public and industrial funding and research (Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs) and Public Private Partnerships (PPPs))

Work programmes: how open to bottom-up initiatives will they be?

Roles of a Twenty-First Century University III

• where appropriate, ensure that the research has an impact both on the people who paid for this research and further beyond

Investing in research and innovation - smart growth

Creating new businesses

Supplying and attracting Highly

skilled labour

Attracting globally mobile

Investment

Improving Policy and addressing

global challenges

Improving public services

New products and processes for

industry

Roles of a Twenty-First Century University

• educate the highly skilled workforce of the future; • produce research which is truly addressing exciting new

problems and undertaking this research to the highest methodological and ethical standards;

• where appropriate, ensure that the research has an impact both on the people who paid for this research and further beyond;

• seek to drive its local socio-economy and act as the cultural DNA of its local region.

• European engagement central to all these