professor michael arthur career studies sep 02 09
DESCRIPTION
Intelligent career exploration (ICCS) - the world is changing and career management is becoming more complex for individuals from all walks of life. A theoretical concept with practical application, particularly for those working with adults in private and public sector arenas.TRANSCRIPT
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Promoting Career Studies Promoting Career Studies in in
Theory and PracticeTheory and Practice
(A Conversation)(A Conversation)
Michael B ArthurMichael B ArthurSuffolk University, Boston, MASuffolk University, Boston, MA
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The meaning of “career”The meaning of “career”
A person's course or progress through life A person's course or progress through life esp.esp. when publicly when publicly conspicuous, or abounding in remarkable incidents. conspicuous, or abounding in remarkable incidents.
A course of professional life or employment, which affords opportunity A course of professional life or employment, which affords opportunity for progress or advancement in the world. for progress or advancement in the world.
The consequence of “vocational choice” – understanding the self, the The consequence of “vocational choice” – understanding the self, the requirements for success, and reasoning between these. requirements for success, and reasoning between these.
The sequence and combination of roles that a person plays during the The sequence and combination of roles that a person plays during the course of a lifetime. course of a lifetime.
The evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time. The evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time.
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Career StudiesCareer Studies
• Twin points of departureTwin points of departure– Vocational guidance (1900s)Vocational guidance (1900s)– The Chicago School of Sociology (1930s)The Chicago School of Sociology (1930s)
• The Massachusetts Institute of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) initiative (1970s)Technology (MIT) initiative (1970s)
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The Chicago SchoolThe Chicago School
• Everett Hughes (1957):Everett Hughes (1957):– Objective Objective andand subjective sides of the career subjective sides of the career– InterdependenceInterdependence– Individual Individual identitiesidentities and and social rolessocial roles
• Career Career processesprocesses and and transitionstransitions
• Forerunner of Karl Weick’s Forerunner of Karl Weick’s enactmentenactment, , Anthony Giddens’ Anthony Giddens’ structurationstructuration
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The MIT initiativeThe MIT initiative
• Bailyn, Schein & Van Maanen (1970s)Bailyn, Schein & Van Maanen (1970s)– A “curious hiatus” between psychological, A “curious hiatus” between psychological,
sociological perspectivessociological perspectives– A call for rapprochementA call for rapprochement– A missed opportunityA missed opportunity
– Management school outcomesManagement school outcomes
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The MIT InitiativeThe MIT Initiative
• Definition of Definition of career development:career development: “ “[A] lifelong process of working out a synthesis [A] lifelong process of working out a synthesis
between individual interests and the between individual interests and the opportunities (or limitations) present in the opportunities (or limitations) present in the external work-related environment, so that external work-related environment, so that both individual and environmental objectives both individual and environmental objectives are fulfilled.”are fulfilled.”
Van Maanen and Schein Van Maanen and Schein (1977) (1977)
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Beyond the MIT InitiativeBeyond the MIT Initiative
• Handbook of Career Theory (1989)Handbook of Career Theory (1989)– Current vs. “new” perspectivesCurrent vs. “new” perspectives– ““Trait-factor theories” vs. other approachesTrait-factor theories” vs. other approaches
• The Boundaryless Career (1996)The Boundaryless Career (1996)– Looking Looking outsideoutside single institutional single institutional
(organizational or occupational) settings(organizational or occupational) settings
• Handbook of Career Studies (2007)Handbook of Career Studies (2007)– Expanded treatments of contexts, institutions, Expanded treatments of contexts, institutions,
synthesissynthesis
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Two continuing traditionsTwo continuing traditions
Schools ofEducation
Schools ofManagement
OrganizationsOccupations
The economy
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Educational vs. Management School Approaches to Careers (Arthur, 2008)
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Where to go?Where to go?
• The global knowledge economyThe global knowledge economy
• Enjoy Enjoy interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary conversations conversations
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The global knowledge-driven The global knowledge-driven economyeconomy
• Knowledge-based careersKnowledge-based careers
• Virtual careersVirtual careers
• Career communitiesCareer communities
• Identity developmentIdentity development
• Social capitalSocial capital
• Global careersGlobal careers
• Lost gains vs. new opportunitiesLost gains vs. new opportunities
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Interdisciplinary Conversations?Interdisciplinary Conversations?
• What do people talk about?What do people talk about?
• What do scholars talk about?What do scholars talk about?
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Three “ways of knowing”
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Vocational guidance
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Vocational guidance
Jobdesign
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Leadershiptheory
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Leadershiptheory
Socio-technicalsystems
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Sociology
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Scholarly conversations?
Knowing-why:Identity, interests,
motivation
Knowing-how:Skills andexpertise
Knowing-whom: Relationships and reputation
Sociology
Psychologicalattachment
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Knowing-how: Individual skills and expertise
Knowing-whom:Relationships and reputation
Why do we work?
Scholarly conversations?
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Career Studies as Career Studies as InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary
• The bad newsThe bad news– Separate conversations, partial solutionsSeparate conversations, partial solutions– Career actors, counselors left to improviseCareer actors, counselors left to improvise
• The good newsThe good news– We’re talking!We’re talking!– Theorists and practitionersTheorists and practitioners
• There’s an opportunity!There’s an opportunity!
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Career studiesCareer studies
• Let’s start that shared conversationLet’s start that shared conversation
andand
• Let’s keep it going!Let’s keep it going!
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Questions?Questions?
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• References:
– Arthur, M. B. (2008). Examining contemporary careers: a call for interdisciplinary inquiry. Human Relations, 61, 163 - 186.
– Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T. & Lawrence, B. S. (1989) Handbook of Career Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
– Arthur, M. B. & Rousseau, D. M. (1996) The Boundaryless Career. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
– Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
– Gunz, H. & Peiperl, M. (2007) Handbook of Career Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
– Hughes, E. C. (1958). Men and Their Work. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.– Parker, Khapova and Arthur (in press) The intelligent career framework as a
basis for interdisciplinary inquiry, Journal of Vocational Behavior.– Super, D. E. Life career roles: self-realization in work and leisure. In D. T. Hall &
Associates, Career Development in Organizations, San Francisco, Jossey Bass, pp. 95-119
– Van Maanen, J, & Schein, E. H. (1977). Career development. In J. R. Hackman & J. L. Suttle (Eds.) Improving Life at Work: Behavioral Science Approaches to Organizational Change, 30-95. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.
– Weick, K. E. (1996). Enactment and the boundaryless career: organizing as we work. In M. B. Arthur, & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), The Boundaryless Career. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 40-57