king arthur introducing king arthur historical arthur dark ages literary arthur medieval

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Page 1: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval
Page 2: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

KING KING ARTHUARTHU

RR

Page 3: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

INTRODUCING KING INTRODUCING KING ARTHURARTHUR

Historical ArthurHistorical Arthur

Dark AgesDark Ages

Literary ArthurLiterary Arthur

Medieval Medieval

Page 4: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Arthur as presented in the legends Arthur as presented in the legends was NOT a real person. was NOT a real person.

• There was, however, a chieftan There was, however, a chieftan named Arthur. named Arthur.

• Historical Arthur lived in the Dark Historical Arthur lived in the Dark Ages, at the end of the 5Ages, at the end of the 5thth and and beginning of the 6beginning of the 6thth centuries. centuries.

• Literary Arthur comes from Literary Arthur comes from medieval times, during the 12medieval times, during the 12thth century.century.

Page 5: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

History of ArthurHistory of Arthur

Celtic mythologyCeltic mythology

Romantic themesRomantic themes

++ Fairylike elementsFairylike elements

________________________________________

Arthurian LegendArthurian Legend

Page 6: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

IMPORTANT IMPORTANT CHARACTERSCHARACTERS

• Uther Pendragon – Arthur’s biological father.Uther Pendragon – Arthur’s biological father.

Page 7: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Igraine – Arthur’s biological motherIgraine – Arthur’s biological mother

• Sir Ector - Arthur’s adoptive fatherSir Ector - Arthur’s adoptive father

• Merlin – Arthur’s counselor, prophet, Merlin – Arthur’s counselor, prophet, magician, & wizard; he placed Arthur magician, & wizard; he placed Arthur with Sir Ector.with Sir Ector.

Page 8: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

IMPORTANT IMPORTANT CHARACTERSCHARACTERS

• Morgan le Fay – Arthur’s half Morgan le Fay – Arthur’s half sister; healer & shape-changer; sister; healer & shape-changer; an adversary of both Arthur & an adversary of both Arthur & Guinevere; she took Arthur to Guinevere; she took Arthur to the barge that would take him the barge that would take him to Avalon to be healed.to Avalon to be healed.

• Morgause – Arthur’s half Morgause – Arthur’s half sister; married to King Lot; sister; married to King Lot; mother of Gawain, Gaheris, mother of Gawain, Gaheris, Agravain, Gareth, & Mordred.Agravain, Gareth, & Mordred.

Page 9: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Sir Kay – son of Sir Sir Kay – son of Sir Ector; raised as Ector; raised as Arthur’s step-Arthur’s step-brother.brother.

• Mordred – Arthur’s Mordred – Arthur’s nephew; seized nephew; seized Guinevere & Guinevere & rebelled against rebelled against Arthur; killed by Arthur; killed by Lancelot after the Lancelot after the last battle.last battle.

Page 10: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Guinevere – Arthur’s wife; Lancelot’s Guinevere – Arthur’s wife; Lancelot’s lover. lover.

• Lancelot – Arthur’s chief knight & rival for Lancelot – Arthur’s chief knight & rival for Guinevere’s love.Guinevere’s love.

Page 11: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• The Lady of the The Lady of the Lake – aka Lake – aka Vivienne; gave Vivienne; gave Excalibur to Excalibur to Arthur; enchanted Arthur; enchanted & imprisoned & imprisoned Merlin.Merlin.

Page 12: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Joseph of Joseph of Arimathea – Arimathea – soldier of Pontius soldier of Pontius Pilate who was Pilate who was given the cup given the cup (Holy Grail) from (Holy Grail) from the Last Supper; the Last Supper; settled in settled in Glastonbury.Glastonbury.

Page 13: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

IMPORTANT PLACES• Camelot – King Arthur’s kingdom.

Page 14: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Tintagel Castle – conception place of Arthur.

Page 15: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

• Isle of Avalon – island to which Arthur is sent to recover from the last battle.

• Glastonbury – claimed by some to be the actual Isle of Avalon, as it was once surrounded by marshes.

Page 16: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

IMPORTANT OBJECTSIMPORTANT OBJECTS• ExcaliburExcalibur – Arthur’s magical sword; given to him – Arthur’s magical sword; given to him

by The Lady of the Lake.by The Lady of the Lake.

Page 17: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

The Holy GrailThe Holy Grail – the cup used by Christ at the Last – the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper; used by Joseph of Arimathea to catch Supper; used by Joseph of Arimathea to catch Christ’s blood when he was on the cross.Christ’s blood when he was on the cross.

Page 18: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

The Round Table The Round Table – the table given as part of – the table given as part of Guinevere’s dowry & used by Arthur and his Guinevere’s dowry & used by Arthur and his knights. Each knight’s name was magically knights. Each knight’s name was magically inscribed on the table. Everybody was equal.inscribed on the table. Everybody was equal.

Page 19: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

Knights of the Round Knights of the Round TableTable

• Sir Galahad Sir Galahad • Sir Lancelot du LacSir Lancelot du Lac• Sir Gawain Sir Gawain • Sir Percivale Sir Percivale • Sir LionellSir Lionell• Sir Tristram de LyonesSir Tristram de Lyones• Sir GarethSir Gareth• Sir BedivereSir Bedivere• Sir BleoberisSir Bleoberis• Sir La Cote Male TaileSir La Cote Male Taile• Sir LucanSir Lucan• Sir KaySir Kay

• Sir PalomedesSir Palomedes• Sir LamorakSir Lamorak• Sir Bors de GanisSir Bors de Ganis• Sir SaferSir Safer• Sir PelleasSir Pelleas• Sir Ector de MarisSir Ector de Maris• Sir DagonetSir Dagonet• Sir DegoreSir Degore• Sir Brunor le NoirSir Brunor le Noir• Sir Le Bel DesconneuSir Le Bel Desconneu• Sir AlymereSir Alymere• Sir MordredSir Mordred

Page 20: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

ChivalryChivalryknighthood & its code of honorknighthood & its code of honor

Invincible strength Invincible strength

ValorValor

JusticeJustice

ModestyModesty

Loyalty to superiorsLoyalty to superiors

Courtesy to equalsCourtesy to equals

Compassion to weaknessCompassion to weakness

Devotedness to the churchDevotedness to the church

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KnightKnightMounted warriorMounted warriorMan of rank, or in service of a man of Man of rank, or in service of a man of

rankrankGenerally possesses some independent Generally possesses some independent

means of support, but relies on the means of support, but relies on the gratitude of those he has servedgratitude of those he has served

Knights errantKnights errant -- -- wandering knights wandering knights who traveled the country in quest of who traveled the country in quest of adventureadventure

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Knight TrainingKnight Training

Page 23: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

AGE 7 AGE 7 Become a page or varlet Become a page or varlet

• Taken from home to the court or castleTaken from home to the court or castle

• Taught first articles of religion, respect, and Taught first articles of religion, respect, and reverence for their lordsreverence for their lords

• Initiated in ceremonies of the courtInitiated in ceremonies of the court

• Carve, wait at table, and perform menial tasksCarve, wait at table, and perform menial tasks

• Taught falconry, dancing, harp playing, hunting, Taught falconry, dancing, harp playing, hunting, fishing, wrestling, tilting with spears, & fishing, wrestling, tilting with spears, & performing military exercises on horsebackperforming military exercises on horseback

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AGE 14 AGE 14 Become a Become a squiresquire

• Taught to vault on a horse, to Taught to vault on a horse, to run, to scale walls, to spring over run, to scale walls, to spring over ditches – all in heavy armorditches – all in heavy armor

• Taught to wrestle, to wield the Taught to wrestle, to wield the battle-axe without raising the battle-axe without raising the visor or taking a breathvisor or taking a breath

• Taught to perform gracefully on Taught to perform gracefully on horsebackhorseback

• Taught courtesy or refinements Taught courtesy or refinements of civilizationof civilization

• Encouraged to bestow his Encouraged to bestow his attentions on a young lady of the attentions on a young lady of the courtcourt

Page 25: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

AGE 21 Initiation to the Knighthood

Preparation for the Ceremony:

• Fast and spend whole nights in prayer• Confession and communion• Clothed in snow-white garment• Go to church or hall where the

ceremony is to be held• Wear a knightly sword suspended from

neck

Page 26: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

Ceremony:Ceremony:• Officiating priest takes the Officiating priest takes the

sword, blesses it, and sword, blesses it, and returns itreturns it

• Candidate folds arms, Candidate folds arms, kneels before presiding kneels before presiding knight and answers knight and answers questions about motives questions about motives for becoming a knightfor becoming a knight

• Takes an oathTakes an oath• Receives armor and swordReceives armor and sword• Kneels before presiding Kneels before presiding

knight who administers the knight who administers the accolade (3 strokes of a flat accolade (3 strokes of a flat sword on the neck or sword on the neck or shoulder) and says, “In the shoulder) and says, “In the name of God, of St. name of God, of St. Michael, and of St. George, Michael, and of St. George, I make thee a knight; be I make thee a knight; be valiant, courteous, and valiant, courteous, and loyal.”loyal.”

• Receives helmet, shield, Receives helmet, shield, and spearand spear

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The emblem of the Knights of the Round Table worn round the necks of The emblem of the Knights of the Round Table worn round the necks of all the Knights was given to them by King Arthur as part of the all the Knights was given to them by King Arthur as part of the

ceremony of their being made a knight. ceremony of their being made a knight.

The Order's dominant idea was the love of God, people, and noble deeds. The Order's dominant idea was the love of God, people, and noble deeds.

The cross in the emblem was to remind them that they were to live pure The cross in the emblem was to remind them that they were to live pure and stainless lives, to strive after perfection and thus attain the Holy and stainless lives, to strive after perfection and thus attain the Holy

Grail. Grail.

The Red Dragon of King Arthur represented their allegiance to the King. The Red Dragon of King Arthur represented their allegiance to the King.

The Round Table was illustrative of the Eternity of God, the equality, The Round Table was illustrative of the Eternity of God, the equality, unity, and comradeship of the Order, and singleness of purpose of all unity, and comradeship of the Order, and singleness of purpose of all

the Knights.the Knights.

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RULES/CODES for RULES/CODES for KNIGHTSKNIGHTS

• To never do outrage nor murder • Always to flee treason • To by no means be cruel but to give mercy

unto him who asks for mercy • To always do ladies, gentlewomen and

widows succor (to go to the aid of one in distress; to help)

• To never force ladies, gentlewomen or widows

• Not to take up battles in wrongful quarrels for love or worldly goods

• To never lay down arms • To seek after wonders

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• When called upon, to defend the rights of When called upon, to defend the rights of the weak with all one's strength the weak with all one's strength

• To injure no one To injure no one • Not to attack one another Not to attack one another • To fight for the safety of one's country To fight for the safety of one's country • To give one's life for one's country To give one's life for one's country • To seek nothing before honour To seek nothing before honour • Never to break faith for any reason Never to break faith for any reason • To practice religion most diligentlyTo practice religion most diligently • To grant hospitality to anyone, each To grant hospitality to anyone, each

according to his ability according to his ability • Whether in honour or disgrace, to make Whether in honour or disgrace, to make

a report with the greatest fidelity to truth a report with the greatest fidelity to truth to those who keep the annals to those who keep the annals

Page 30: KING ARTHUR INTRODUCING KING ARTHUR Historical Arthur Dark Ages Literary Arthur Medieval

Famous Works which include Famous Works which include ArthurArthur

• 1139 -- 1139 -- Historia Regum BrittaniaeHistoria Regum Brittaniae written by Geoffrey of written by Geoffrey of Monmouth. ALL LATER VERSIONS OF THE LEGEND Monmouth. ALL LATER VERSIONS OF THE LEGEND ARE BASED ON THIS WORK.ARE BASED ON THIS WORK.

• 1205-- 1205-- Roman de BrutRoman de Brut by Layamon (1st English by Layamon (1st English Arthurian story)Arthurian story)

• 1370 – 1370 – Sir Gawain and the Green KnightSir Gawain and the Green Knight anonymous anonymous• 1485 – 1485 – Morte d’ ArthurMorte d’ Arthur (Death of Arthur) by Sir Thomas (Death of Arthur) by Sir Thomas

MaloryMalory• 1590-99 – 1590-99 – The Faeire QueeneThe Faeire Queene by Edmund Spenser by Edmund Spenser• 1859-1885 – 1859-1885 – Idylls of the King Idylls of the King by Alfred, Lord Tennysonby Alfred, Lord Tennyson• 1880 – 1880 – A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court by by

Mark TwainMark Twain• 1882 – 1882 – ParsifalParsifal an opera by Richard Wagner an opera by Richard Wagner• 1939-58 – 1939-58 – The Once and Future KingThe Once and Future King by T.H. White by T.H. White• 1960 – 1960 – CamelotCamelot a musical by Lerner & Loewe a musical by Lerner & Loewe

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FinisFinis