products of socialization

7/29/2019 Products of Socialization

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Products of SocializationProducts of Socialization

Social Science ISecond Sem., SY 2010-2011

UP Visayas


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PersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonality

The set of psychological traitstraitstraitstraits

and mechanismsmechanismsmechanismsmechanisms within theindividual that are organizedorganizedorganizedorganized

,

that influence her or hisinfluence her or hisinfluence her or hisinfluence her or his

interactions withinteractions withinteractions withinteractions with, and

adaptations to theadaptations to theadaptations to theadaptations to theenvironment.environment.environment.environment.


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Is personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product ofIs personality a product of

NatureNatureNatureNature traits and characteristics are inheritedtraits and characteristics are inheritedtraits and characteristics are inheritedtraits and characteristics are inherited

from ones biological parentsfrom ones biological parentsfrom ones biological parentsfrom ones biological parents

NurtureNurtureNurtureNurture includes all environmental influencesincludes all environmental influencesincludes all environmental influencesincludes all environmental influences

(both before and after birth) : family,(both before and after birth) : family,(both before and after birth) : family,(both before and after birth) : family,

peers, neighborhoods, schools, society,peers, neighborhoods, schools, society,peers, neighborhoods, schools, society,peers, neighborhoods, schools, society,and cultureand cultureand cultureand culture


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GenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotype

Genes (inherited from parents)

PhenotypePhenotypePhenotypePhenotypePhenotypePhenotypePhenotypePhenotype

Observable physical & behavioralcharacteristics of a person


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How heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity andHow heredity and

environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:

1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1) Reaction RangeReaction RangeReaction RangeReaction RangeReaction RangeReaction RangeReaction RangeReaction Range

- Conventional term for a range ofConventional term for a range ofConventional term for a range ofConventional term for a range ofpotential expressions of apotential expressions of apotential expressions of apotential expressions of ahereditary trait.hereditary trait.hereditary trait.hereditary trait.

Example : body sizeExample : body sizeExample : body sizeExample : body size2) Genotype2) Genotype2) Genotype2) Genotype----Environment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment Interaction

---- The portion ofThe portion ofThe portion ofThe portion of phenotypic variationphenotypic variationphenotypic variationphenotypic variation

that results from the reactions ofthat results from the reactions ofthat results from the reactions ofthat results from the reactions ofgenetically different individuals togenetically different individuals togenetically different individuals togenetically different individuals tosimilar environmental conditionssimilar environmental conditionssimilar environmental conditionssimilar environmental conditions


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environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:

GenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotype--------Environment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment InteractionEnvironment Interaction

- Refers to the effects of similarRefers to the effects of similarRefers to the effects of similarRefers to the effects of similarenvironmental conditions onenvironmental conditions onenvironmental conditions onenvironmental conditions on

genetically different individualsgenetically different individualsgenetically different individualsgenetically different individuals

Example : pollen and dust on allergicExample : pollen and dust on allergicExample : pollen and dust on allergicExample : pollen and dust on allergicindividualsindividualsindividualsindividuals

3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype3) Genotype--------Environment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment Correlation

---- Tendency of certain genetic andTendency of certain genetic andTendency of certain genetic andTendency of certain genetic andenvironmental influences to reinforceenvironmental influences to reinforceenvironmental influences to reinforceenvironmental influences to reinforce

each othereach othereach othereach other


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environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:environment work together:GenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotypeGenotype--------Environment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment CorrelationEnvironment Correlation

a.a.a.a. Passive CorrelationPassive CorrelationPassive CorrelationPassive Correlation---- Parents provide both genes and

environment

....---- People respond to the childs

genotype differently, depending onthe childs genotypes

c. Active Correlationc. Active Correlationc. Active Correlationc. Active Correlation- A person creates or seeks out aparticular environment


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What makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings soWhat makes siblings so

different?different?different?different?different?different?different?different?

NonsharedNonsharedNonsharedNonsharedNonsharedNonsharedNonsharedNonshared environmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effectsenvironmental effects

---- The unique environment in which

the child rows u consistin of

distinctive influences or influencesthat affect one child differently

than another


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Sigmund Freud:Sigmund Freud:

Structure of PersonalityStructure of PersonalityId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic EnergyId : Reservoir of Psychic Energy

- pleasure principle- primary process thinking

Ego: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of PersonalityEgo: Executive of Personality

- reality principle- secondary process thinking

Superego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of SocietalSuperego: Upholder of Societal

Values and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsValues and IdealsInteraction of the Id, Ego, and SuperegoInteraction of the Id, Ego, and Superego


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Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stages

of Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Development

- For Freud, the first few years of life areFor Freud, the first few years of life areFor Freud, the first few years of life areFor Freud, the first few years of life are

decisive for the formation of personalitydecisive for the formation of personalitydecisive for the formation of personalitydecisive for the formation of personality

- psychosexualpsychosexualpsychosexualpsychosexual sexual urgessexual urgessexual urgessexual urges

drive the acquisition ofdrive the acquisition ofdrive the acquisition ofdrive the acquisition of

psychological characteristicspsychological characteristicspsychological characteristicspsychological characteristics


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Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stages

of Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Development1. Oral Stage1. Oral Stage

First 18 months of life

Main sources of pleasure are the mouth, lips,

Eating : biting and chewing

Fixation: smoking, drinking, over eating


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Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stagesof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Developmentof Development

2. Anal Stage2. Anal Stage

Eighteen months to 3 years

Anal sphincter is the source of sexual

, ,

Toilet training Anal retentive child holds back

and become constipated

Anal expulsive child is messyand disorganized


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33. Phallic Stage. Phallic Stage

3-5 years discovery of the genitals

leasure is derived b touchin the enitals

awakening of sexual desiredirected outward: opposite sex parent

Oedipus complex (Electra Complex)Oedipus complex (Electra Complex)

sexual desires for the parentsexual desires for the parentof the opposite sex and a hostileof the opposite sex and a hostiledesire for the parent of the same sexdesire for the parent of the same sex


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Phallic StagePhallic Stage

Castration anxietyCastration anxiety fear of castrationfear of castration Induces a repression of the sexualInduces a repression of the sexual

desire for the mother anddesire for the mother and

IdentificationIdentification allows the vicariousallows the vicarioussatisfaction for childs sexual impulsessatisfaction for childs sexual impulses Process through which the child takes on theProcess through which the child takes on the

values of the parentvalues of the parent

Repression of the Oedipus ComplexRepression of the Oedipus Complexcauses thecauses the superegosuperego to undergo its finalto undergo its finaldevelopment.development.


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Phallic StagePhallic Stage Penis EnvyPenis Envy among femalesamong females

Freud concluded that women do notFreud concluded that women do not

develop the strong moral superegosdevelop the strong moral superegos

that men dothat men do Anatomy is destinyAnatomy is destiny

gender developmentgender development

begins with childrens unconsciousbegins with childrens unconscious

reactions to anatomical differencesreactions to anatomical differences


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4. Latency Stage4. Latency Stage

Around 6 years to puberty Little psychological development occurs

during this stage

In antile amnesia the inabilit to remember

anything from the first few years of life

5. Genital Stage5. Genital Stage

Puberty to adulthood Sexual energy is located in the genitals and

eventually is directed toward sexual intercourse


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Carl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersCarl RogersConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the SelfConcept of the Self

Human beings have the tendency to moveHuman beings have the tendency to moveHuman beings have the tendency to moveHuman beings have the tendency to movetowards growth, maturity, and positive change.towards growth, maturity, and positive change.towards growth, maturity, and positive change.towards growth, maturity, and positive change.

Actualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing TendencyActualizing Tendency

A tendency toward fulfillment or

actualization of all the capacities

of the organism;an organism chooses to grow


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The selfThe selfThe selfThe selfThe selfThe selfThe selfThe self

Or self-concept

Consists of all the ideas, perceptions, and

A well-adjusted person has a

self-concept that is consistent

with his or her thoughts,

experiences, and behaviors.


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Ideal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal SelfIdeal Self Our conception of the kind of person

The closer the ideal self is to

the real self, the more fulfilled

and happy the individual

becomes


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Unconditional Positive RegardUnconditional Positive Regard

Being given the sense that one is being valuedby parents and others even when theirfeelings, attitudes, and behaviors are

ess an ea .

Conditional Positive RegardConditional Positive Regard

The child is only being valuedThe child is only being valuedwhen he or she behaves, thinks, or feelswhen he or she behaves, thinks, or feelscorrectlycorrectly


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Theory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social BehaviorismTheory of Social Behaviorism- by sociologist George Herbert

Mead- Highlighted inward thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking

- Humanit s definin trait

Self part of a persons personalityconsisting of selfselfselfself----awarenessawarenessawarenessawareness andselfselfselfself----imageimageimageimage

Product of social experience

21BVN Landoy


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Development of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the SelfDevelopment of the Self(by Mead)(by Mead)1. The self develops solely through

social experience2. Social experience consists of the

exchan e of s mbolss mbolss mbolss mbolss mbolss mbolss mbolss mbols

3. Knowing others intentionsrequires imagining the situationfrom their perspectives

4. Understanding the role of theother results in self-awareness

22BVN Landoy


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Theory ofTheory ofTheory ofTheory ofTheory ofTheory ofTheory ofTheory of

LookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLooking-------- Glass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass Self

by sociologist Charles Horton

Cooley

oo ngoo ngoo ngoo ng----g ass seg ass seg ass seg ass se t e magepeople have of themselves

based on how they believe

others perceive them

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Significant others shape an individual SIGNIFICANT OTHER

a person

Parent, sibling, spouse,

best friend

Self as subject, and object

24BVN Landoy


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LookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLookingLooking-------- Glass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass SelfGlass Self Step 1 : the person imagines that a

significant other perceives him/her ina certain way

Step 2 : the person imagines that the

significant other makes a judgmentabout him/ her based on thatperception

Step 3: the person forms a self-imagebased on how he/she thinks thesignificant other sees him/ her

25BVN Landoy


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Generalized otherGeneralized otherGeneralized otherGeneralized other

Widespread cultural norms and

in evaluating him/herself

Multiple selfMultiple selfMultiple selfMultiple self Because of abuse

26BVN Landoy

products of socialization

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