Product offer and characteristics of VAMA hot stamping steel

VAMA热成形钢产品组合及其应用特点

Michael YANG 杨峥

VAMA - Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel

2018-10-24 Changchun

Table of contents

• Background of hot stamping market

• VAMA hot stamping steel product offer

• Usibor® and Ductibor® characteristics

• Advanced hot stamping steel solutions by

VAMA/Gonvvama

• Conclusions

Background of hot stamping market

OEMs are under strong pressureto increase fuel economy in all regions …

Global CO2 (or equivalent) regulation trends

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

CA

FÉ

Re

qu

ire

me

nt

(Mil

es

pe

r G

all

on

)

Cars

Trucks

Average

2012-2025 US CAFÉ Rules

• 2012-2025 rules are footprint driven – each

vehicle has a mandated fuel economy standard

based on track x wheelbase

• 2025 CAFÉ for Light Vehicle USA: 54.5 MPG

based on projected 2025 Fleet by EPA/NHTSA

Standard requirements Customers expectations

Why Hot-stamping ?

Security

Corrosion protection

CO2 emission

Weight reduction Durability

Security

ComfortPre-coated Steels

Ultra High Strength Steels

(UHSS)

Hot stamped Anti intrusion and Energy absorption parts

Lightening potential 30%

Increase in vehicle safetySource: ArcelorMittal S-in Motion lightest BIW

For the lightest BIW* concept,

29 parts (~69 kg) are made of

hot stamping steel:

• Usibor®1500

• Ductibor®500

* This study is not comprehensive and other

applications for hot stamping could be considered

LWB

Usibor® 1500 / Ductibor® 500

LWB

Usibor® 1500 / Usibor® 1500

Efficient lightweighting with ArcelorMittal’s new hot stamping solutions© ArcelorMittal – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or

reproduced without prior written specific authorization of ArcelorMittal.

CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - ArcelorMittal proprietary information

Dramatic global increase in consumption…

› 2006 - 2011: Low ramp-up: from 0 to 500,000 tons, mainly in Europe and the US

› 2012 - 2018: Globalization with booming demand in China - 3 million tons

› Beyond 2018: Globalization continues (Brazil, India,…) + robust demand in mature regions

Exploding demand for PHS since beginning of 2000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Global consumption of PHS

Kt

of

PH

S

ArcelorMittal’s Usibor® - Ductibor® AS

production capacity

Demand to grow from 1 million tons in 2013 to 3 million tons in 2018

Indiana Harbor

Sagunto

Vega do

Sul

Mouzon

Dudelange

FlorangeAM/NS Calvert VAMA

Usibor® 1500 lines by 2015

Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000 lines by 2017

SAM

NAM

CHINA

EU

Grades NAM Europe Brazil China

Usibor® 2000 ✓ ✓ TBD

Ductibor® 1000 ✓ ✓ TBD ✓

✓ : step finished

: step on going

TBD: To Be Determined depending on stakes

Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000 are already industrial in Europe and

will be soon available on a worldwide basis.

Globalization & Development

7

Validated since 2018 Apr

Foreseen by 2019

VAMA hot stamping steelProduct offer

Current product offer and development

Grade Name Coating TS* YS* El (%)* Status

Usibor®1500 AS 1400 - 1600 1000 - 1200 ≥5 Industrial

Usibor®1500 GA 1400 - 1600 1000 - 1200 ≥5 Industrial

Ductibor®500 AS 550 - 700 370 - 470 ≥16 Industrial

Ductibor®450 AS 460 - 610 340 - 460 ≥15 Industrial

Usibor®2000 AS ≥1800 ≥1400 ≥5 Development

Ductibor®1000 AS ≥1000 ≥800 ≥6 Validated

* After hot stamping, indicative value only

• Usibor®1500: standard product today, for anti-intrusion applications.

• Ductibor®500 and 450: for LWB applications in association with Usibor®1500

• Usibor®2000: for anti-intrusion parts in substitution of Usibor®1500

• Ductibor®1000: for energy-absorption BIW and chassis applications, and for LWB

applications with Usibor®1500 and 2000.

Most capable dimension feasibility

• Large range of thickness/width capable at VAMA, beneficial to

- design feasibility

- flexibility of blank nesting

- cost reduction on engineering scrap

Usibor®1500 Ductibor®500

Steel Grades-AS

Current vehicles < 18 months3 -5 years> 5 years

© VAMA 2014 – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel.

22

Vehicle

Production

Vehicle industrializationprojects

Vehicle advanced engineering projects

Advanced projects

New vehicles

Advanced

engineeringCo-engineering

EVI and processing support

Quality management

through

• Reactivity to customer

technical needs

• Pro-active optimization

of product/process

through

• Vehicle Design support

• Product promotion

• Approval

through

• Product innovation

• Generic steel solutions

through

• Assistance to stamping

& joining

Start of production

Technical support at all stagesof the vehicle life

> > > >

Usibor® and Ductibor® characteristics

Direct hot stamping process with pre-coated Usibor®1500

AlSi coating

-No cold forming

-No scale formation

-No sandblasting

-Excellent geometrical accuracy

-Very good corrosion protection

Heating

880 -930°C

3 – 10 min

Stamping (600 -800°C)

+ Hardening (>> 50 °C/s )

Transfer

< 7 sec

The AlSi coating makes part production much

easier and leads to an impressive increase in

hot stamping lines and hot stamped parts for

automotive application. Some OEM started to

do hot stamping by themselves.

ArcelorMittal developed the first serial hot stamping steel with metallic coating.

Main advantages of Usibor®1500

No need of inert gas in the furnaces

No surface decarburization

No scale during heating

→ No need of shot-blasting or pickling

→ High accuracies / tolerances

(no deformation by shot-blasting, especially for thin parts < 1,5mm)

Corrosion protection

→ No need of “post-protection” for the finished parts

Quality parameters for Usibor®1500 (Recommendation)

6 µm ~ 600 HV 10g

20 - 22 µm ~ 60 HV10g

~ 170 HV200g

6 µm ~ 600 HV 10g

20 - 22 µm ~ 60 HV10g

~ 170 HV200g

Coating thickness 35 - 45 μm

Interdiffusion layer < 15 μm

Hv < 490

100 % Martensite

Before heat treatment

After heat treatment

Dwell time, temperature and cooling speed

determine the in use properties.

The quality control should contain metallurgical

structure and coating analysis (cross view).

Ductibor®500 robustness

• Quenching trials:

– In the range 35-65°/sec (typical of hot

stamping), the properties are particularly stable

– The target of 16% elongation is achieved on

cooling speed < 80°/sec

– Low difference between longitudinal and

transverse properties after hot stamping

– Tensile curve → similar to a DP grade

Influence of quenching speed

on Ductibor 500P mechanical characteristics

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Cooling speed (°C/sec)

Str

en

gth

(M

Pa

)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Elo

ng

atio

n (IS

O2

0*8

0)

Re

Rm

A%

NB : all quenching speeds mentioned have

been measured between the exit of the

furnace and 400°C

Ductibor500, die quench

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%

elongation (%)

no

min

al str

ess (

Mp

a)

Longitudinal

transverse

Usibor® 2000 & Ductibor®1000 industrialization running in 2016 and 2017

ArcelorMittal 2nd generation of AS-coated Usibor® and Ductibor®

UTS (MPa)

1500900670600 1000 2000 2500

~10%

weight saving

Ductibor®

450

~25-30%

weight reduction

Usibor®

1500

Ductibor®

1000

Usibor®

2000

Ductibor®

500

1st Gen PHS

Current offer

2nd Gen PHS

Emerging offer

Weight saving thanks to

higher strength

Weight saving thanks to

higher ductility

Enough crash ductility for

energy absorption parts

Enough crash

ductility for

anti-intrusion parts

Crash ductility: Fracture strain in plan

strain ef

Usibor®2000 product description

Product description

› Steel for hot-stamping

› Very high mechanical properties after hot stamping allowa 10% weight saving compared to a Usibor® 1500 AS

› Specifically adapted for anti-intrusion applications

› Usibor® 2000 AS metallurgy allows to reach a best-in-class compromise between strength, crash ductility, andresistance against hydrogen embrittlement

› Can be associated with other grades of the Usibor® and Ductibor® family through LWBs

Worldwide availability status

Commercial Customer trials

Under development Possible development depending on stakes

Indicative mechanical properties

after hot stamping + paint baking

Direction YS (MPa) TS (MPa)

Tel % A50

ASTM

typical

Bending

angle

Longitudinal ≥ 1400 ≥ 1800 5 ≥ 45

Chemistry (max weight %)

Coating

› AS

(Aluminum-Silicon)

Gauges

› 0.80 mm - 2.00 mm

› Running development to reach

at least the same feasibilities as

Usibor® 1500 AS

Bending angle following to the VDA238-100, referring to 1.5mm

thickness test specimen

Coating EU NA SAM CHI

AS

C Mn Si

0.37 0.80 0.70

Usibor® 2000 crash ductilitytarget reached

• Bending test – evaluation of the fracture strain in plane strain

VDA-238

DQ = Die quenched (hot stamped in the tool)PB = Paint baking

Fracture strain 0.25

The fracture strain target of 0.25 after paint baking is

confirmed by several industrial trials

Product description

› Steel for hot stamping

› Best-in-class crash ductility for this level of strength

makes it suitable for crash energy absorption applications

› Chemistry: C-Mn-Si-Ti-Nb-B

› As heat-treated: Predominantly martensite

› Can be associated with other grades of the Usibor® and

Ductibor® family through LWBs

Worldwide availability status

Coating EU NA SAM CHI

AS

Indicative mechanical properties

after hot stamping + paint baking

Direction YS (MPa) TS (MPa)

Tel % A50

ASTM

typical

Bending

angle

Longitudinal ≥ 800 ≥ 1000 6 ≥ 80

Chemistry (max weight %)

Coating Gauges

Bending angle following to the VDA238-100, referring to 1.5mm

thickness test specimen

YS and TS fullfilled if the quenching speed is > 50°C/s between

750°C and Ms and if the forming start temperature is > 750°C

› AS

(Aluminum-Silicon)

C Mn Si

0.12 2.0 0.80

Commercial Customer trials

Under development Possible development depending on stakes

Ductibor®1000 product description

› 0.50 mm - 2.50 mm

› Takes into account European

and North American

feasibilities

› Running development to reach

at least the same feasibilities

than Usibor® 1500 AS

Total elongation or bending angleWhat is the best to characterize the crash ductility?

• USIBOR®1500 and DUCTIBOR®1000 have very similar elongations

• Nevertheless, ductility (for crash) are very different

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Eng.

str

ess

(M

Pa)

Eng. strain (-)

Tensile curves

USIBOR®1500 DUCTIBOR®1000 DUCTIBOR®1000 @ 120mm crush :

NO CRACK

USIBOR®1500 @ 90mm crush :

CRACKS

The total elongation is not relevant to

characterize the CRASH DUCTILITY

• Bendability of the product is translated in

fracture strain thanks to hybrid

experimental/numerical approach

• Tanking into account this parameter in FEA,

fracture behaviour can be predicted by crash

simulation:

DUCTIBOR®1000 @ 120mm crush :

NO CRACK

USIBOR®1500 @ 90mm crush :

CRACKS

Good correlation between the bending

angle and the CRASH DUCTILITY

Total elongation or bending angleWhat is the best to characterize the crash ductility?

• Objective:

– Crash and bending tests on deformed product

– Trapezoidal shaped ‘Omega’ samples are used

– Condition: 50T press used + paint baking (so final product)

– Trapezoidal shape allows homogeneous quenching

• Test conditions:

– Velocity impact: 16 m/s

– Crush distance: 150mm

– Impact mass: 417kg

– Sample geometry:

Ductibor® 1000 AS Crash energy absorption

R8-9.5

➢ R 8.75

Ductibor® 1000 shows a best-in-class crash ductility for this level of strength,

which is ideal to save weight on energy absorption applications.

Advanced hot stamping steel solutions by VAMA/Gonvvama

• Examples of Case Studies

• Potential Lightweighting on the overall BiW

B-Pillar Outer

Upper Part Thk Lower Part Thk Part mass Mass Savings

Usibor® 1500 1.7 mm Ductibor® 500 1.6 mm 4.21 Kg BASELINE

Usibor® 2000 1.5 mm Ductibor® 1000 1.2 mm 3.51 Kg -0.7 kg -17%Front Rails

Front Part Thk Rear Part Thk Part mass Mass Savings

DP980 1.5 mm DP590 1.4 mm 2.64 Kg BASELINE

Usibor® 2000 1.2 mm Ductibor® 1000 1.0 mm 1.94 Kg -0.7 kg -26%

Usibor® 1500 and Ductibor® 500 Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000Baseline

Usibor® 2000

Ductibor® 1000

2nd generation crash performance-oriented products Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000

can contribute to more than 30% to BIW weight reduction,

10% more compared to the 1st generation of PHS

-44 kg (-33%)

Usibor® 2000 Ductibor® 1000

-32 kg

(-24%)-12 kg

(-12%)

Usibor® and Ductibor®

Applications

Innovative door ring conceptMass Savings

DP600

1.5 mm

Door Ring Solution:

12.7* kg (-20%)

Baseline:

15.8* kg

Usibor®1500P

1.7 mm

Usibor®1500P

1.2 mm

Usibor®1500P

1.8 mm

Usibor®1500P

1.2 mm

Baseline

LWB Door Ring solution

15 parts 10 parts

*Including B-pillar hinge reinforcements, roof rail inner and side sill reinforcement

box not represented on the picture

World’s First Hot Stamped LWB Door Ring

▪ Defining the challenge - IIHS Small Overlap Test

▪ AMTB solution – Hot Stamped Laser Welded Blank Technology

▪ Key enablers – Laser Ablation

▪ Key benefits of this solution – IIHS+ Rating, Cost Effective, Weight Savings

▪ Introducing the 2014 Acura MDX

Small Offset (25%) Crash Performance

Note:

Deformations in the door opening area

Ability to open the driver side door after the crash event

Design without HS Door Ring Design with HS Door Ring

2014 Acura MDX2013 Other OEM

The industry’s first laser welded hot stamped door ring on Honda Acura MDX received the 2014 Automotive News Pace Award

This innovation is a result of a global partnership between ArcelorMittal, Cosma international and Honda and contributed to significant weight reductions and improved safety performance.

Industry Award

OEM FCA

Hot stamper Magna Cosma

Blanking & LWB AMTB

Coil ArcelorMittal

Volume 400 000 pcs/yr

Usibor 1500P 1.6 mm

Usibor 1500P 2.0 mm

Ductibor 500P 1.6 mm

Usibor 1500P 1.6 mm

Usibor 1500P 1.3 mm

More comes - FCA Pacifica door ring

©VAMA 2014 – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel.

Conclusions

• Hot stamping with Usibor® and Ductibor® is a very successful technology to

reduce weight of the BIW and improve crash performance. It is used excessively

by carmakers in Europe and North America and in recent years more and more

in China.

• ArcelorMittal JV VAMA offers automotive customers a full range of steel

products including Alusi coated Usibor®1500 and Ductibor®450/500 locally in

Chinese market with a most flexible dimension capability.

• Following ArcelorMittal global development, VAMA is under localization of the

2nd generation alusi coated PHS including Usibor®2000 and Ductibor®1000.

Ductibor®1000 has been internally validated since 2018 Apr and Usibor®2000

will be developed by 2019.

• VAMA/Gonvvama can offer innovative hot stamping steel solutions including

LWB door ring to support Automotive Industry to meet the further challenge of

weight reduction and crash worthiness in the coming years.

Thank you!

34