Product offer and characteristics of VAMA hot stamping steel
VAMA热成形钢产品组合及其应用特点
Michael YANG 杨峥
VAMA - Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel
2018-10-24 Changchun
Table of contents
• Background of hot stamping market
• VAMA hot stamping steel product offer
• Usibor® and Ductibor® characteristics
• Advanced hot stamping steel solutions by
VAMA/Gonvvama
• Conclusions
Background of hot stamping market
OEMs are under strong pressureto increase fuel economy in all regions …
Global CO2 (or equivalent) regulation trends
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
CA
FÉ
Re
qu
ire
me
nt
(Mil
es
pe
r G
all
on
)
Cars
Trucks
Average
2012-2025 US CAFÉ Rules
• 2012-2025 rules are footprint driven – each
vehicle has a mandated fuel economy standard
based on track x wheelbase
• 2025 CAFÉ for Light Vehicle USA: 54.5 MPG
based on projected 2025 Fleet by EPA/NHTSA
Standard requirements Customers expectations
Why Hot-stamping ?
Security
Corrosion protection
CO2 emission
Weight reduction Durability
Security
ComfortPre-coated Steels
Ultra High Strength Steels
(UHSS)
Hot stamped Anti intrusion and Energy absorption parts
Lightening potential 30%
Increase in vehicle safetySource: ArcelorMittal S-in Motion lightest BIW
For the lightest BIW* concept,
29 parts (~69 kg) are made of
hot stamping steel:
• Usibor®1500
• Ductibor®500
* This study is not comprehensive and other
applications for hot stamping could be considered
LWB
Usibor® 1500 / Ductibor® 500
LWB
Usibor® 1500 / Usibor® 1500
Efficient lightweighting with ArcelorMittal’s new hot stamping solutions© ArcelorMittal – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or
reproduced without prior written specific authorization of ArcelorMittal.
CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - ArcelorMittal proprietary information
Dramatic global increase in consumption…
› 2006 - 2011: Low ramp-up: from 0 to 500,000 tons, mainly in Europe and the US
› 2012 - 2018: Globalization with booming demand in China - 3 million tons
› Beyond 2018: Globalization continues (Brazil, India,…) + robust demand in mature regions
Exploding demand for PHS since beginning of 2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Global consumption of PHS
Kt
of
PH
S
ArcelorMittal’s Usibor® - Ductibor® AS
production capacity
Demand to grow from 1 million tons in 2013 to 3 million tons in 2018
Indiana Harbor
Sagunto
Vega do
Sul
Mouzon
Dudelange
FlorangeAM/NS Calvert VAMA
Usibor® 1500 lines by 2015
Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000 lines by 2017
SAM
NAM
CHINA
EU
Grades NAM Europe Brazil China
Usibor® 2000 ✓ ✓ TBD
Ductibor® 1000 ✓ ✓ TBD ✓
✓ : step finished
: step on going
TBD: To Be Determined depending on stakes
Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000 are already industrial in Europe and
will be soon available on a worldwide basis.
Globalization & Development
7
Validated since 2018 Apr
Foreseen by 2019
VAMA hot stamping steelProduct offer
Current product offer and development
Grade Name Coating TS* YS* El (%)* Status
Usibor®1500 AS 1400 - 1600 1000 - 1200 ≥5 Industrial
Usibor®1500 GA 1400 - 1600 1000 - 1200 ≥5 Industrial
Ductibor®500 AS 550 - 700 370 - 470 ≥16 Industrial
Ductibor®450 AS 460 - 610 340 - 460 ≥15 Industrial
Usibor®2000 AS ≥1800 ≥1400 ≥5 Development
Ductibor®1000 AS ≥1000 ≥800 ≥6 Validated
* After hot stamping, indicative value only
• Usibor®1500: standard product today, for anti-intrusion applications.
• Ductibor®500 and 450: for LWB applications in association with Usibor®1500
• Usibor®2000: for anti-intrusion parts in substitution of Usibor®1500
• Ductibor®1000: for energy-absorption BIW and chassis applications, and for LWB
applications with Usibor®1500 and 2000.
Most capable dimension feasibility
• Large range of thickness/width capable at VAMA, beneficial to
- design feasibility
- flexibility of blank nesting
- cost reduction on engineering scrap
Usibor®1500 Ductibor®500
Steel Grades-AS
Current vehicles < 18 months3 -5 years> 5 years
© VAMA 2014 – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel.
22
Vehicle
Production
Vehicle industrializationprojects
Vehicle advanced engineering projects
Advanced projects
New vehicles
Advanced
engineeringCo-engineering
EVI and processing support
Quality management
through
• Reactivity to customer
technical needs
• Pro-active optimization
of product/process
through
• Vehicle Design support
• Product promotion
• Approval
through
• Product innovation
• Generic steel solutions
through
• Assistance to stamping
& joining
Start of production
Technical support at all stagesof the vehicle life
> > > >
Usibor® and Ductibor® characteristics
Direct hot stamping process with pre-coated Usibor®1500
AlSi coating
-No cold forming
-No scale formation
-No sandblasting
-Excellent geometrical accuracy
-Very good corrosion protection
Heating
880 -930°C
3 – 10 min
Stamping (600 -800°C)
+ Hardening (>> 50 °C/s )
Transfer
< 7 sec
The AlSi coating makes part production much
easier and leads to an impressive increase in
hot stamping lines and hot stamped parts for
automotive application. Some OEM started to
do hot stamping by themselves.
ArcelorMittal developed the first serial hot stamping steel with metallic coating.
Main advantages of Usibor®1500
No need of inert gas in the furnaces
No surface decarburization
No scale during heating
→ No need of shot-blasting or pickling
→ High accuracies / tolerances
(no deformation by shot-blasting, especially for thin parts < 1,5mm)
Corrosion protection
→ No need of “post-protection” for the finished parts
Quality parameters for Usibor®1500 (Recommendation)
6 µm ~ 600 HV 10g
20 - 22 µm ~ 60 HV10g
~ 170 HV200g
6 µm ~ 600 HV 10g
20 - 22 µm ~ 60 HV10g
~ 170 HV200g
Coating thickness 35 - 45 μm
Interdiffusion layer < 15 μm
Hv < 490
100 % Martensite
Before heat treatment
After heat treatment
Dwell time, temperature and cooling speed
determine the in use properties.
The quality control should contain metallurgical
structure and coating analysis (cross view).
Ductibor®500 robustness
• Quenching trials:
– In the range 35-65°/sec (typical of hot
stamping), the properties are particularly stable
– The target of 16% elongation is achieved on
cooling speed < 80°/sec
– Low difference between longitudinal and
transverse properties after hot stamping
– Tensile curve → similar to a DP grade
Influence of quenching speed
on Ductibor 500P mechanical characteristics
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Cooling speed (°C/sec)
Str
en
gth
(M
Pa
)0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Elo
ng
atio
n (IS
O2
0*8
0)
Re
Rm
A%
NB : all quenching speeds mentioned have
been measured between the exit of the
furnace and 400°C
Ductibor500, die quench
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
elongation (%)
no
min
al str
ess (
Mp
a)
Longitudinal
transverse
Usibor® 2000 & Ductibor®1000 industrialization running in 2016 and 2017
ArcelorMittal 2nd generation of AS-coated Usibor® and Ductibor®
UTS (MPa)
1500900670600 1000 2000 2500
~10%
weight saving
Ductibor®
450
~25-30%
weight reduction
Usibor®
1500
Ductibor®
1000
Usibor®
2000
Ductibor®
500
1st Gen PHS
Current offer
2nd Gen PHS
Emerging offer
Weight saving thanks to
higher strength
Weight saving thanks to
higher ductility
Enough crash ductility for
energy absorption parts
Enough crash
ductility for
anti-intrusion parts
Crash ductility: Fracture strain in plan
strain ef
Usibor®2000 product description
Product description
› Steel for hot-stamping
› Very high mechanical properties after hot stamping allowa 10% weight saving compared to a Usibor® 1500 AS
› Specifically adapted for anti-intrusion applications
› Usibor® 2000 AS metallurgy allows to reach a best-in-class compromise between strength, crash ductility, andresistance against hydrogen embrittlement
› Can be associated with other grades of the Usibor® and Ductibor® family through LWBs
Worldwide availability status
Commercial Customer trials
Under development Possible development depending on stakes
Indicative mechanical properties
after hot stamping + paint baking
Direction YS (MPa) TS (MPa)
Tel % A50
ASTM
typical
Bending
angle
Longitudinal ≥ 1400 ≥ 1800 5 ≥ 45
Chemistry (max weight %)
Coating
› AS
(Aluminum-Silicon)
Gauges
› 0.80 mm - 2.00 mm
› Running development to reach
at least the same feasibilities as
Usibor® 1500 AS
Bending angle following to the VDA238-100, referring to 1.5mm
thickness test specimen
Coating EU NA SAM CHI
AS
C Mn Si
0.37 0.80 0.70
Usibor® 2000 crash ductilitytarget reached
• Bending test – evaluation of the fracture strain in plane strain
VDA-238
DQ = Die quenched (hot stamped in the tool)PB = Paint baking
Fracture strain 0.25
The fracture strain target of 0.25 after paint baking is
confirmed by several industrial trials
Product description
› Steel for hot stamping
› Best-in-class crash ductility for this level of strength
makes it suitable for crash energy absorption applications
› Chemistry: C-Mn-Si-Ti-Nb-B
› As heat-treated: Predominantly martensite
› Can be associated with other grades of the Usibor® and
Ductibor® family through LWBs
Worldwide availability status
Coating EU NA SAM CHI
AS
Indicative mechanical properties
after hot stamping + paint baking
Direction YS (MPa) TS (MPa)
Tel % A50
ASTM
typical
Bending
angle
Longitudinal ≥ 800 ≥ 1000 6 ≥ 80
Chemistry (max weight %)
Coating Gauges
Bending angle following to the VDA238-100, referring to 1.5mm
thickness test specimen
YS and TS fullfilled if the quenching speed is > 50°C/s between
750°C and Ms and if the forming start temperature is > 750°C
› AS
(Aluminum-Silicon)
C Mn Si
0.12 2.0 0.80
Commercial Customer trials
Under development Possible development depending on stakes
Ductibor®1000 product description
› 0.50 mm - 2.50 mm
› Takes into account European
and North American
feasibilities
› Running development to reach
at least the same feasibilities
than Usibor® 1500 AS
Total elongation or bending angleWhat is the best to characterize the crash ductility?
• USIBOR®1500 and DUCTIBOR®1000 have very similar elongations
• Nevertheless, ductility (for crash) are very different
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Eng.
str
ess
(M
Pa)
Eng. strain (-)
Tensile curves
USIBOR®1500 DUCTIBOR®1000 DUCTIBOR®1000 @ 120mm crush :
NO CRACK
USIBOR®1500 @ 90mm crush :
CRACKS
The total elongation is not relevant to
characterize the CRASH DUCTILITY
• Bendability of the product is translated in
fracture strain thanks to hybrid
experimental/numerical approach
• Tanking into account this parameter in FEA,
fracture behaviour can be predicted by crash
simulation:
DUCTIBOR®1000 @ 120mm crush :
NO CRACK
USIBOR®1500 @ 90mm crush :
CRACKS
Good correlation between the bending
angle and the CRASH DUCTILITY
Total elongation or bending angleWhat is the best to characterize the crash ductility?
• Objective:
– Crash and bending tests on deformed product
– Trapezoidal shaped ‘Omega’ samples are used
– Condition: 50T press used + paint baking (so final product)
– Trapezoidal shape allows homogeneous quenching
• Test conditions:
– Velocity impact: 16 m/s
– Crush distance: 150mm
– Impact mass: 417kg
– Sample geometry:
Ductibor® 1000 AS Crash energy absorption
R8-9.5
➢ R 8.75
Ductibor® 1000 shows a best-in-class crash ductility for this level of strength,
which is ideal to save weight on energy absorption applications.
Advanced hot stamping steel solutions by VAMA/Gonvvama
• Examples of Case Studies
• Potential Lightweighting on the overall BiW
B-Pillar Outer
Upper Part Thk Lower Part Thk Part mass Mass Savings
Usibor® 1500 1.7 mm Ductibor® 500 1.6 mm 4.21 Kg BASELINE
Usibor® 2000 1.5 mm Ductibor® 1000 1.2 mm 3.51 Kg -0.7 kg -17%Front Rails
Front Part Thk Rear Part Thk Part mass Mass Savings
DP980 1.5 mm DP590 1.4 mm 2.64 Kg BASELINE
Usibor® 2000 1.2 mm Ductibor® 1000 1.0 mm 1.94 Kg -0.7 kg -26%
Usibor® 1500 and Ductibor® 500 Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000Baseline
Usibor® 2000
Ductibor® 1000
2nd generation crash performance-oriented products Usibor® 2000 and Ductibor® 1000
can contribute to more than 30% to BIW weight reduction,
10% more compared to the 1st generation of PHS
-44 kg (-33%)
Usibor® 2000 Ductibor® 1000
-32 kg
(-24%)-12 kg
(-12%)
Usibor® and Ductibor®
Applications
Innovative door ring conceptMass Savings
DP600
1.5 mm
Door Ring Solution:
12.7* kg (-20%)
Baseline:
15.8* kg
Usibor®1500P
1.7 mm
Usibor®1500P
1.2 mm
Usibor®1500P
1.8 mm
Usibor®1500P
1.2 mm
Baseline
LWB Door Ring solution
15 parts 10 parts
*Including B-pillar hinge reinforcements, roof rail inner and side sill reinforcement
box not represented on the picture
World’s First Hot Stamped LWB Door Ring
▪ Defining the challenge - IIHS Small Overlap Test
▪ AMTB solution – Hot Stamped Laser Welded Blank Technology
▪ Key enablers – Laser Ablation
▪ Key benefits of this solution – IIHS+ Rating, Cost Effective, Weight Savings
▪ Introducing the 2014 Acura MDX
Small Offset (25%) Crash Performance
Note:
Deformations in the door opening area
Ability to open the driver side door after the crash event
Design without HS Door Ring Design with HS Door Ring
2014 Acura MDX2013 Other OEM
The industry’s first laser welded hot stamped door ring on Honda Acura MDX received the 2014 Automotive News Pace Award
This innovation is a result of a global partnership between ArcelorMittal, Cosma international and Honda and contributed to significant weight reductions and improved safety performance.
Industry Award
OEM FCA
Hot stamper Magna Cosma
Blanking & LWB AMTB
Coil ArcelorMittal
Volume 400 000 pcs/yr
Usibor 1500P 1.6 mm
Usibor 1500P 2.0 mm
Ductibor 500P 1.6 mm
Usibor 1500P 1.6 mm
Usibor 1500P 1.3 mm
More comes - FCA Pacifica door ring
©VAMA 2014 – All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Valin ArcelorMittal Automotive Steel.
Conclusions
• Hot stamping with Usibor® and Ductibor® is a very successful technology to
reduce weight of the BIW and improve crash performance. It is used excessively
by carmakers in Europe and North America and in recent years more and more
in China.
• ArcelorMittal JV VAMA offers automotive customers a full range of steel
products including Alusi coated Usibor®1500 and Ductibor®450/500 locally in
Chinese market with a most flexible dimension capability.
• Following ArcelorMittal global development, VAMA is under localization of the
2nd generation alusi coated PHS including Usibor®2000 and Ductibor®1000.
Ductibor®1000 has been internally validated since 2018 Apr and Usibor®2000
will be developed by 2019.
• VAMA/Gonvvama can offer innovative hot stamping steel solutions including
LWB door ring to support Automotive Industry to meet the further challenge of
weight reduction and crash worthiness in the coming years.
Thank you!
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