producing cold-hardy grapes in the upper midwest cold...university of nebraska viticulture program...
TRANSCRIPT
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Producing Cold-Hardy Grapes In The Upper Midwest
Paul E Read
Stephen Gamet
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Stressful Climatic Conditions
University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Breeding Grapes
As Early as 1884
“I have produced several new types of vines through Hybrid breeding, which will bring forth a completely new revolution in winegrowing…. they are just as hardy all winter in the great coldness in the northern part of American as the wild growing riparia.” Louis Suelter
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Significant Breeding Programs
– The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
– Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
– Cornell University Breeding Program
Discussion will focus on UM and Swenson Cultivars
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
University of Minnesota early introductions
– ‘Bluebell
– ‘Blue Jay’
– ‘Moonbeam’
– ‘Red Amber’
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
University of Minnesota more recent releases
– ‘Frontenac’
– ‘Frontenac Gris’
– ‘La Crescent’
– ‘Marquette’
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Frontenac’
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Frontenac Gris’
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘La Crescent’
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Marquette’
The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
Elmer Swenson (1913-2004)
– Dairy farmer from Osceola, Wisconsin
– Most interested in table grapes suitable for the upper Midwest
– Several of his grapes found favor with mid-western winemakers
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Edelweiss’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Lacrosse’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Saint Pepin’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Esprit’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Brianna’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
‘Saint Croix’
Elmer Swenson Breeding Program
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Table 1. Example Ratings of Mean Hardiness and Spring Bud Break
Cultivar Mean Hardiness Rating*
Mean Bud Break Rating**
Remarks
Brianna 9.00 n.a. Intermediate bud break
Edelweiss 8.43 4.10 Sometimes hurt by late freeze
Frontenac 8.66 2.80
La Crescent 7.95 3.65
Marquette 7.60 5.15
Lacrosse 8.33 3.60
Marechal Foch*** 6.98 5.90 Late frost susceptible
Saint Croix 8.71 3.95
*Ratings: 1 to 9, with 1 = dead and 9 = all buds alive and breaking. Averaged over four locations and three years. ** Ratings: 1 to 6, with 1 = tight buds, 6 = buds open and shoots beginning to elongate. *** Marechal Foch is included for comparison with University of Minnesota and Swenson cultivars.
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University Of Nebraska Viticulture Program http.//agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture
Cheers!!!