prodcat tables 4-1

8/4/2019 ProdCat Tables 4-1

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Quality Excellence for Suppliers ofTelecommunications Forum

(QuEST Forum)

TL 9000

Quality Management System

Measurements Handbook

Appendix A

Release 4.1


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Copyright

Copyright

2007 Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications Forum

For information about the QuEST Forum,visit the QuEST Forum website (questforum.org).

For TL 9000 specific information,visit the TL 9000 website (tl9000.org).

TL 9000 is a registered trademarkof the

Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications Forum.

Approved and Adoptedby the

QuEST Forum

Effective

2007 12 31

TL 9000 Quality Management System Product Category Tables 4.1A-ii


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Appendix A

Appendix A Product Category Tables Release 4.1

The Product Category Tables listed below are part of the TL 9000 standard.This is Release 4.1 of Appendix A of the Measurements Handbook. It may be

used effective February 1, 2008 for submitting January 2008 TL 9000 dataforward and must be used for submitting July 2008 data forward untilsuperseded by the next revision.

Each revision is an approved release by the QuEST Forum and is identified bya release number. The latest release of these tables and their effective datesare available via the TL 9000 website and shall be used in conjunction withregistrations per the rules noted in 4.1.1.

Organizations shall classify their products and report measurements according tothe product categories listed in Table A-1. The Measurement Applicability Table(Normalized Units), Table A-2, lists specific measurements that apply to eachcategory as well as the normalized units and other information necessary forcompiling measurement reports.

a) List of Tables

Table A-1 Product Category Definitions

Table A-2 Measurement Applicability Table (Normalized Units)

Table A-3 Network Element Impact Outage

Table A-4 Transmission Standard Designations and Conversions

Table A-5 Optical and Electrical Equivalency

Table A-6 Measurements Summary Listing

Table A-7 TL 9000 Data Submission Labels

b) Rules for Classification of Products

1) The definitions of product categories in Table A-1 shall be used byorganizations in categorizing their products.

2) An organization shall not classify a product in multiple productcategories. Therefore, any product from an organization must beclassified in exactly one product category.

3) General-purpose products, such as computers, shall be classified byspecific function, e.g., signaling, when provided as a system designed forthat function. Otherwise, they shall be classified in a separate category,for example, Common Systems-Computers, designed for the general-purpose product.

4) A product shall be classified according to its primary function. Forexample, a digital transmission facility product with performance

monitoring will be classified as a transmission product instead of anoperations and maintenance product.

5) The standard for classification is the product category, not the possibleuses for the product. For example, if a product classification falls in theOutside Plant category, all products that are consistent with that categorywill be classified as such, even if the exact same product is sometimesused in the customer premises and even if a particular organizationsproduct is sold primarily into the customer premises market.

TL 9000 Quality Management System Product Category Tables 4.1

A-1


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Appendix A

TL 9000 Quality Management System Product Category Tables 4.1A-2

c) Principles for Construction of the Product Category Table

1) Product categories shall be defined so that they can be clearly assignedwithin a hierarchy of classification.

2) There are well-established rules for classification.

3) Product categories should not be separated artificially if they can belogically aggregated.

4) Product categories should have clear definitions, which lend themselvesto unambiguous interpretation.

5) For each category, the level to which measurements may be aggregatedshall be defined.

6) Each product category specification shall consist of standard elements.

7) The placement of the product in the hierarchy will reflect the dominantuse of the product.

8) Terminology used shall reflect standard technical meanings; whereverpossible aligned to relevant standards such as ITU-T, ETSI, ANSI, etc.


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Note 1 The information in this table may have changed. The latest release of this table and its effective date are web site. Visit http://tl9000.org/pct.htm for the latest version.

Note 2 Product categories listed in or will be used for possible data aggregation only. Measuremethe lower product category g.

Note 3 Bolded text in the product category definition indicates the primary function of the product category. Thioutage measurements.

TL 9000 Quality Management System Measureme

RED italicizedlistin



Category

Code

Category Name Definition Examp

1 Switching Equipment for the physical or virtual interconnection ofcommunication channels in response to a signalingsystem. The switching category is broadly defined toinclude packet or circuit switched architectures.

1.1 Circuit Switch Equipment for the termination of subscriber lines and/ortrunk lines and the dynamic interconnection of these portsor channels in a digital transmission facility. A circuit switchestablishes a dedicated circuit, as opposed to a virtual circuit,in response to a signal. Stored Program Control (SPC) is themost common type of switching equipment used at end officesand tandem offices. These systems use either analog or digitalswitching. The switching system used must have the capability

to send, receive and be actuated by signals, e.g., access linesignals, or inter-office in-band or common-channel signaling.This category includes all circuit switches regardless oftransmission medium, i.e., wireline or wireless.

En

Ta

Ta

Re

Se

Mo

1.2 Packet Switch Equipment for switching or routing data on virtual, asopposed to dedicated, circuits. The service is packetswitched in that the customers data are transported as asequence of data blocks (packets) that do not exceed aspecified size. This packetization permits data from manydata conversations to share a given transmission facilityeconomically through statistical multiplexing. Such dataconversations are known as virtual circuits, which are fullduplex and connection-oriented.


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Note 1 The information in this table may have changed. The latest release of this table and its effective date are Visit http://tl9000.org/pct.htm for the latest version.






1.2.1 Legacy PacketProducts

Equipment providing X.25 packet or frame relay switchcapability. This includes Public Packet Switched Network(PPSN) equipment. The frame relay equipment is switchingequipment that operates at Open Systems Interconnection(OSI) Level 2 (hardware) to move variable-length Frame Relay

frames over virtual circuits from source to destination.

X.

Ac

Fr

1.2.2 Access Multi-service Equipment that switches packetized data from source todestination that includes the capability to connect to thecircuit switched traffic network. The packet data may includevariable length IP (Internet Protocol) and/or fixed length ATMpackets. These systems include circuit switched trunks/networkinterfaces (DS1, E1, T1, DS#, STM-1, OC-x, VC-12, etc.),tributary interfaces and line/customer side interfaces (POTS,ISDN, xDSL, GigE, PBX, DS1/E1, etc.).

Ac

AT

Ga

Se

Pa

Se

Mu

Wi

Tru

Ac

Mu

Lin1.2.3 Media Gateways Equipment which provides an interface between different

network transport protocols. The primary function of thisequipment is to enable multimedia communications acrossnetworks such as PSTN, IP, ATM, 2G, 2.5G, 3G or PBX.Media steaming functions such as echo cancellation, DTMF,and tone sender may also be located in the gateway.

Me

1.2.4 Not currently used

1.2.5 Not currently used1.2.6 Not currently used


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1.2.9.2 Edge Packet transport and routing equipment primarily intended foruse at the edge of the core network typically providingconnection, for example, between metropolitan area and thebackbone (Provider Core) network. Typically performancerequirements are not as stringent as those for Core Routers but

greater than those for Access Routers.

IP

Mu(M

1.2.9.3 Access Packet routing equipment primarily that provide theaccess/aggregation entry point for customer premiseequipment to the external network.

Ac

2 Signaling andNetwork Control

Equipment for the provision of signaling, i.e., statesapplied to operate and control the component groups of atelecommunications circuit to cause it to perform itsintended function. In generally, there are five basiccategories of signals commonly used in thetelecommunications network: supervisory signals,information signals, address signals, control signals, andalerting signals. This category includes those signalingproducts that function within the telecommunications

network and excludes possibly similar products thatnormally provide enhanced services outside the network,or on the customer premises such as ACD, IVR, or voicemessaging systems.


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2.6 Network AccessControl

Equipment used to provide user authentication,authorization, and accounting (AAA) for network services

TeAc(T

ReUs

(D AA

2.7 Network Security Equipment used to secure packet communications byauthenticating and/or encrypting the packets in a datastream. This includes the use of tunnel control such asGeneric Routing Encapsulation (GRE) or Layer 2 TunnelingProtocol (L2TP).

IP

SeSe

TrSe

Tu

3 TransmissionSystems

Equipment for the connection of the switched andinteroffice networks with individual customers. An integralpart of the distribution network is the loop that connectsthe customer to the local central office (CO), thus

providing access to the interoffice network.3.1 Transmission

Media andStructure (OutsidePlant)

Products used to interconnect and physically support thevarious parts of the telecommunications network. Thisincludes products typically referred to as belonging to theoutside plant such as cables, supporting structures, andcertain equipment items such as load coils along withother equipment types as noted below.

3.1.1 TransmissionMedium

Fiber optic cable, metallic cable, or other physical mediumfor the transmission of analog or digital communications.

3.1.1.1 Metallic Products Metallic as opposed to optical or wireless transmissionmedia.

3.1.1.1.1 Metallic ConductorCable

Metallic pairs of conductors housed in a protective cable. Me

Ce

Hy


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3.1.1.1.2 Metallic Connectors Devices used to terminate a metallic cable. Co

Co

3.1.1.2 Fiber Optic CableProducts

Optical, as opposed to metallic or wireless transmissionmedia.

3.1.1.2.1 Fiber Optic Cable Cables wherein light is propagated and any associated

covering.

Lo

Si Si

Tig

Ind

3.1.1.2.2 Optical Connectors Device used to terminate an optical cable. OpMT

3.1.1.3 Transmission Sub-systems

Sub-systems embedded in the transmission medium otherthan cable or connectors

3.1.1.3.1 Active Sub-systems Active sub-systems containing electronics. Co

Fib

3.1.1.3.2 Passive OpticalSub-systems

Optical sub-systems containing no electronics. This includespassive optical modules containing two or more individual

passive optical sub-systems or systems.

Opdiv

Op Co

co

3.1.1.3.3 Ancillary Sub-systems

Other transmission sub-systems not specifically covered inother transmission component categories. Typically passive.

Su

Boor

Ta

El

3.1.1.3.4 Fixed AntennaSub-systems

Sub-systems for the transmission and receipt oftelecommunication signals through the air.

3.1.1.3.4.1 Radio AntennaSystems

A system for the transmission and receipt of terrestrial radiowaves consisting of an antenna (dish or pole), supportingstructure, LNA, transmit horn, coaxial cable and/or waveguide.

Mi

Fix


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3.1.1.3.4.2 Satellite AntennaSystems

A system for the transmission and receipt of radio waves toand from satellites consisting of an antenna dish, supportingstructure, LNA, transmit horn, and/or receiver/transmitterequipment.

Sa

3.1.1.3.4.3 Optical

TransmissionAntenna Systems

A system for the transmission and receipt of optical signals

through free air consisting of an antenna, supporting structure,and/or receiver/transmitter equipment.

Op

3.1.2 Physical Structure Physical structures for the support of telephonetransmission media.

3.1.2.1 Enclosures Enclosures for network equipment located in the outside plant. Fib

Open

Or

Se

Co

Pe

3.1.2.2 Support Structures Products for the physical support of transmission media orenclosures.

Te

Mi

3.1.2.3 Conduits Channels for the containment of optical fiber or metallic cable. In

Mu

PV

3.2 TransportEquipment

Equipment located in the central office or at the customerpremises, but inside the network demarcation point, forthe transmission of digital or analog communication overtransmission media. This product category includesequipment for terminating, interconnecting, andmultiplexing communications circuits.


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3.2.1 Cross ConnectSystems

Equipment to provide a physical termination point forphysical cables and individual conductors. They can bemanual or automated, metallic or optical. Cross-connectsystems, such as distributing frames, Digital Signal CrossConnects (DSXs) and Fiber Distributing Frames (FDFs)

provide the following basic functions: cross-connection ofnetwork distribution facilities and equipment in the centraloffice, electrical protection for conductive media, testaccess, temporary disconnection, and termination pointsfor facilities and equipment.

3.2.1.1 Manual CrossConnect Systems

Equipment to provide a physical termination point for physicalcables and individual conductors where changes inconnections are performed manually. These can be metallic oroptical systems such as distributing frames or Fiber DistributingFrames (FDFs) provide the following basic functions: cross-connection of network distribution facilities and equipment inthe central office, electrical protection for conductive media,test access, temporary disconnection, and termination points

for facilities and equipment.

Di(D

Fib

Fe

3.2.1.2 Digital CrossConnect Systems

Equipment to provide a physical termination point for physicalcables and individual conductors where changes inconnections are performed electronically. These systemsprovide electrical cross-connection of network distributionfacilities and equipment in the central office, electricalprotection for conductive media, test access, temporarydisconnection, and termination points for facilities andequipment. They may interface to the network either opticallyor metallically.

Di(D

El


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3.2.2.1.3 Microwave Carrier system that employs fixed microwave transmission. 6, mi

3.2.2.2 Loop Carrier Equipment for deploying multiple voice or digital channelsover fewer physical channels than would be otherwise required(a pair gain function). Loop carriers are typically digital

systems that employ time-division multiplexing (TDM) but mayinclude analog systems as well. Loop carrier systems consist ofa Central Office Terminal (COT) located near the switchingsystem, a Remote Terminal (RT) located near the customer tobe served and a transmission facility connecting the COT to theRT. Individual communications circuits (such as POTS andForeign Exchange (FX)) are accepted as separate inputs at theCOT (RT), time-division multiplexed (in a digital loop carrier) bythe loop carrier system and reproduced at the RT (COT).

There is an analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of analog inputsto the DLC and these signals, which are carried digitally withinthe DLC, undergo a digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion when

output at the COT or RT. The transmission facility used by aloop carrier may be metallic cable pairs, repeated metalliccable pairs, or optical fibers.

Di

Un(U

Su(S

Int

An


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3.2.3 Line TerminatingEquipment/Distributing Frames

Equipment to provide the termination point for voice-grade andvoice-grade compatible facilities and equipment in a centraloffice. It is composed of protectors, connectors and terminalstrips or blocks. Distributing frames are categorized as eitherconventional or modular.

Tafra

Lodis

Co

Co(C

Sufra

Tr(T

Int(ID

Tie(T

Of

3.2.4 Digital SubscriberLine (DSL)

Equipment for the transport of high-speed digital data on theembedded copper plant. DSL typically operates over non-

repeatered, POTS-like, conditioned unloaded loops out toCarrier Serving Area (CSA) ranges. This product categoryincludes central office and remote concentrator units andsupporting equipment. Simple regenerators or range extendersshould be placed in another appropriate category such as3.2.2.1.1 Metallic Carrier.

IS

HD

AD DD

VD

3.2.5 Fiber to the User Equipment for the bi-directional transport oftelecommunications signals over optical fiber between thecentral office, remote digital loop carrier or other network nodeand the end user.

Fib

Fib

Pa

3.2.6 CableTransmission

Equipment for analog or digital transmission to thesubscriber unique to co-axial cable based systems.


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3.2.6.1 Cable ModemTerminationEquipment

Equipment to provide the interface between cable modemsubscribers and the network.

Ca

3.2.6.2 Analog CableTransmission

Equipment

Equipment used in the transmission of analog cable videosignals. This includes central office and remote based

transmitters, receivers, and repeaters but not customerpremise equipment.

An

An

Aneq

3.2.6.3 Digital Video CableTransmissionEquipment

Equipment used in the transmission and manipulation of MPEGformatted Video signals located at a cable head end and hublocations but not customer premise equipment.

Di

Di

Di

Di

Ca

Di

QA

Ad

3.3 WirelessTransmission

Equipment for analog or digital transmission to thesubscriber unique to wireless services. This category does

not include interoffice or long haul wireless carriersystems such as long haul microwave transmission

3.3.1 Base StationEquipment

Equipment that provides the interface between wirelesssystems and the Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN). It provides, for example, electrical signaling isolationas well as switching, routing, billing, and features capabilities. Itprovides subsystems for vocoding and selecting hand offdecision.

BS

BS

3.3.2 Base TransceiverSystem (BTS)

Equipment that provides the radio link to the mobilesubscribers. It is connected to the BSC though a backhaulinterface between the BSC and BTS for both vocoded andoverhead packet traffic. This includes terminals andrepeaters.


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4.2.1 On-line Critical Real time network management systems, demanding highavailability, typically 24 hours a day and 7 days per week.

Ne

Su

Fir

4.2.2 On-line Non-critical Real time network management systems with loweravailability demands than on-line critical systems.

Pr

Di

Ma4.2.3 Off-line Traditional business systems that are run off line sometimes

in batch mode, typically overnight, and do not have highavailability expectations.

Inv

Bi

Se

4.3 Ancillary Operationsand Maintenance

Tools, test equipment, and other specialized products usedto support the operations and maintenance of thecommunications network but not part of the permanentnetwork.

Op

Si

Ma

Me

Po

Op

Cl

5 Common Systems Any of a variety of specialized generic, shared equipment

to support network elements. Common systems includepower systems and the Network Equipment-BuildingSystem (NEBS) that provides space and environmentalsupport for network elements. These systems are locatedin central offices and remote building locations.

5.1 Synchronization Equipment for operating digital systems at a common clockrate (frequency synchronization). This category includesprimary reference sources and other timing signal generatorsthat produce a timing signal traceable to Universal CoordinatedTime (UTC).

StLN

GPlorre


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6.1 Enhanced ServicesPlatforms (IntelligentPeripherals)

Hardware/Software systems that provide an environment inwhich service-specific application programs can execute andan infrastructure by which those application programs canprovide enhanced services. Although each enhanced servicesplatform has a corresponding service creation environment,

that creation environment may be packaged separately andmay execute on a different platform. This includes:

equipment used to allow menu navigation andinformation retrieval, often from legacy databasesexternal to the IVR platform itself,

equipment for storage and retrieval of voice and/or faxmessages,

unified/universal messaging systems that provide asubscriber the means, from a given device, to manipulatemessages originated on like or different devices, and

Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) nodes that add voiceband capabilities to the AIN functional suite viacommunication with the SCP either directly or via message

handoffs through the SSP running in the SCP through theinvocation of IP related Service Independent BuildingBlocks (SIBBs).

Int

Vo

Un

Int

6.2 TerminalEquipment

Equipment connected to the network demarcation pointthat provides a service to the subscriber. Terminalequipment includes telephone sets, whether wireline,cordless, cellular, PCS, or other voice terminals, faxmachines, answering machines, modems, data serviceunits (DSUs), or ISDN terminal adapters.

6.2.1 Voice Terminals Conventional, wireless, cellular, PCS, or other voiceterminal equipment.

6.2.1.1 Wireline TelephoneSets

Telephone sets connected to conventional wireline (POTS)circuits.

PO

Co


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6.2.1.2 WirelessSubscriber UserTerminals

The subscriber user terminal made to transmit and receivevoice and/or data communication usingTelecommunication Infrastructure equipment not requiringhard lines as a means of transport. User terminals may beof any functional technology available for public use.

6.2.1.2.1 Simple A wireless subscriber user terminal that provides basic voiceand text messaging functions.

Ba Ba

te

Wte

W

6.2.1.2.2 Complex A wireless subscriber user terminal that provides web access,multimedia capability and/or other functionality in addition tobasic voice and text messaging functions.

Wte

W

Win

6.2.2 Fax Equipment Equipment for sending or receiving facsimile (fax) overconventional voice-grade lines.

St

Co

6.2.3 Data Modems Equipment for digital communications over copper lines(standard 4-wire, co-axial or power).

DS

V.

Ca

Vo

BP

6.2.4 Digital Data ServiceUnits

Equipment for the interconnection of data terminal equipment(DTE) with a digital communications service. Such equipmenttypically provides a network interface and one or more DTEinterfaces and may be configurable.

DD

IS

IS

T1

6.2.5 Passive OpticalNetwork

Termination Units

Equipment installed at the subscriber site for connection to apassive optical network.

Op(O


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7 Services In addition to purchasing tangible hardware or softwareproducts, customers may also acquire service from anorganization. Services include activities such as networkengineering, installation and commissioning, productmaintenance, network operation, etc., where the

organization is responsible for the conduct of the activityin accordance with customer defined requirements.Services may be thought of as the result generated byactivities at the interface between the organization and thecustomer and by the organizations internal activities tomeet the customer needs.

NOTES:

The interface between the customer and the organizationmay be represented by personnel or equipment.

Customer activities at the interface with the organizationmay be essential to the service delivery.

Delivery or use of tangible products may form part of theservice delivery.

A service may be linked with the manufacture and supplyof tangible product.

A contracted service is one where a legal agreement isreached between the customer and the organization toprovide a service. Contracted services are servicesoffered for sale to companies outside of theorganizations company or its subsidiaries.

An internal service is a service activity performed forinternal customers within the same company as theorganization.

7.1 NetworkInstallation &Provisioning

Contracted or internal services to install and/or provisionequipment within the network.


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7.1.1 Installation Contracted or internal services to position, configure, remove,and/or adjust a hardware/software product within the network.

Ne

Ex

Up

Eq

7.1.2 Provisioning Contracted or internal services to provision end-user services

or end-use equipment.

Pr

Se

7.2 EngineeringService

Contracted service to provide engineering activities.

7.2.1 NetworkEngineering Service

Contracted or internal service to provide engineering activitiessuch as the layout, configuration, positioning, connecting, andadjusting of product modules to create a system. This activitymay also include the writing of associated engineeringdocumentation.

Ne

7.2.2 SoftwareDevelopmentService

Contracted service to develop and/or test software programs orsub-routines.

Co

7.2.3 Hardware

DevelopmentService

Contracted service to develop and/or test electronic

subassemblies, circuit packs, sub-systems or systems.

Co

7.2.4 Telecom NetworkIntegration Service

Contracted or internal service to manage the selection andintegration of products into a network.

Ne

7.2.5 Metrology andCalibration

Contracted or internal service to provide measurementstandards and/or test equipment calibration.

Me

Ca

7.2.6 Telecom TestLaboratory

Contracted or internal service for verification, certificationand/of network compatibility testing.

Ve

Ce

Ne


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8.2 ElectronicAssemblies

A device made up of a number of components for use in atelecommunications system. This device is a portion of thecompleted system, but does not comprise the entiresystem.

8.2.1 Simple Less than 11 components or 49 electrical connections

excluding connectors

VC

Ba MW

8.2.2 Medium Complexity More than 10 components or 48 electrical connections but lessthan 51 components or 241 electrical connections excludingconnectors.

Mu

DC

8.2.3 High Complexity More than 50 components or 240 electrical connections butless than 501 components or 2401 electrical connectionsexcluding connectors

Meas

Ba

8.2.4 Very HighComplexity

More than 500 components or 2400 electrical connectionsexcluding connectors

Si

8.3 Cable Assemblies Internal and/or external connectorized metallic or fiber opticcable assemblies

Te

D-

Co Ha

8.4 Electro-mechanicalAssemblies

Devices or assemblies that are mechanical or electrical-mechanical in nature. Typically, the electromechanicalassemblies contain PCBAs, backplanes, cables and/or cableassemblies. These assemblies may be complex and couldinclude fully equipped and populated racks or enclosures.

Fa

Ra

Ca

Eq


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8.5 Optical Fiber andDevices

This category of products includes optical fiber utilized inthe manufacture of telecommunications cabling media anddevices, opto-electronics components modules andsubassemblies deployed in optical networks and ancillaryelectronic devices. They are used specifically to support

the functioning of optical networks and are typicallysupplied to optical cablers or optical equipment systemintegrators. They are generally not sold directly totelecommunication service organizations.

8.5.1 Optical Fiber A filament of transparent dielectric material, usually glass orplastic and usually circular in cross section that guides light.

Si

Mu

8.5.2 Optical Devices Devices that are used specifically to support thefunctioning of optical networks

8.5.2.1 OptoelectronicDevices

A device that is responsive to, or that emits or modifies electro-magnetic radiation, in the visible, infrared, and/or ultravioletspectral regions. JEDEC Standard No. JESD 77-B 2/2000.

LaFP

La

Ph

Ph

OS

8.5.2.2 Passive OpticalDevices

A class of optical devices that either channels or filters anoptical signal among ports in a non-variable predeterminedfashion. It does not contain an optical source, detector oroptoelectronic transducer of any kind and does not requireexternal power. TIA/EIA 6200000 of 12/94 or Telcordia 1209.

Iso

Fil

Sp

Mi

Le

Pa

Pa


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8.5.2.3 OpticalSubassemblies

Stand-alone or drop-in products that perform a completeoptical operation and may contain passive and/oroptoelectronic devices. These subassemblies generally containpassive optical devices (8.5.2.1), active optical devices(8.5.2.2) and/or other types of components such as heaters,

TECS, and standard electronic devices (8.1). Thesesubassemblies are then used as part of an electronic assembly(8.2.x).

Op

Op

Op

Exwi

Fib Re

Tr

Op

8.6 SoftwareComponents andTools

Software programs, routines or sub-routines for use withinother software programs or systems or for use in thedevelopment of other programs or systems.

8.6.1 ComponentSoftware

Software programs, routines or sub-routines sold for use inother software programs or systems.

Pr

Op

So

Da

Int

Dr8.6.2 SoftwareDevelopment Tools

Software programs for use in the development or testing ofother programs or systems.

Co

Co

Prma

Co

W

Mu

St

Si

Me

Co

Po

too


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9 End-CustomerProducts

End-user consumer and business customers acquire avast variety of products from a service providerorganization. These may be supplied on a buy, lease orrental basis and comprise components from hardwarethrough to complex solutions or outsourced facilities

management of a customer organizations entiretelecommunications facilities.

9.1 Voice Products offered to business/public customers and toconsumers, to support voice communications andsupplementary services.

Fix

Lo

Loca

Ch

Vo

9.2 Wireless Products offered to business/public customers and toconsumers, to support mobile communications and serviceneeds.

Mo

Pa

Sm

GP

W9.3 Transport Networks Products provided to business customers or other operators, to

allow them to connect two or more physical sites as acommunications network, either through multiple point-to-pointservices, or via a multi-point network.

Int

An

Ma

X2

Un


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Note 1 The information in this table ffective date areweb site. Visit http://tl9000.org/pct.htm for the latest version.





may have changed. The latest release of this table and its e


9.4 Private Networks Products designed and provided to allow business and/orpublic customer organizations to provide communicationsconnections using specific network platforms or protocols, or tooperate internal communications networks, whether for voiceand/or data use. This may include a private network operated

by an organization entirely internal to the company.

VP

Me

Lo

W

Vi

LA

IP

Fr

Ce

Sh

Sw

IP

9.5 Internet Access Products offered to business, public organizations and toconsumers, to provide them with access to Internet servicesand networks, at speeds and levels of availability appropriate totheir needs.

Fix

Di

Fix

Se

Ce Int

9.6 e-Business andContent Hosting

Chargeable products offered separately or as part of a solutionto customers with data, Internet/Intranet and informationsystems needs.

Hosto

Ma

Co

Apch

Suau

9.7 Bulk Transport Products provided to other licensed operators or carriers

to allow them to operate networks or services, withoutnecessarily owning 100% of their operating network.


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9.7.1 Infrastructure Products to provide network infrastructure on a lease or rentalbasis, on long or short-term contracts.

W

Da

Du

Sa

9.7.2 Wholesale Products provided to allow operators to trade traffic on acorrespondent basis or to offer services without having tomaintain a network of their own.

W W

W

Ou

Inb

9.8 Video BroadcastServices

Products to provide broadcast video to subscribers Ca

Sa

Vid

IP


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Appendix A


a) Measurements Without Normalization FactorsThe measurements Fix Response Time (FRT), Overdue Fix Responsiveness (OFR), and On-Time Delivery (OTD) are applicable and required for ALL product categories. The measurements

FRT, OFR and OTD do not require product specific normalization. In the interest of saving space,they are not listed in the following table, but data must be submitted for each of these threemeasurements in all product categories. Table A-2 defines the normalization units andapplicability of the other measurements.

b) Other Rules and References

i) Where the normalization factor is traffic capacity based, such as DS1, OC-1, DSL orTerminations, the calculation shall be based on the true usable traffic capacity. Equipmentwithin the system used to provide protection for the main traffic path shall not be included, asit does not add usable capacity to the system.

ii) The column headings in Table A-2 are general descriptions covering several sub-measurements in some cases. For cross-references to the detailed descriptions of themeasurements elsewhere in this document, refer to the measurement and sub-measurement

symbols in Table A-6.

iii) For some product categories it may not be clear what is to be considered a unit. Thefollowing is added as an aid for the listed categories:

7.6.1 total quantity of items procured

7.9 total quantity of items provided or supported

8.6.1 copies/licenses issued

8.6.2 simultaneous licensed users

iv) An optical channel, for the purposes of TL 9000 normalization factor calculation, is defined asan individual wavelength of light.

c) Measurement Summary ListingTable A-6 is a listing of the measurements included in this handbook with the symbols used indata reporting, the applicability to hardware, software, and/or services (H, S, V), and a referenceto the table in this handbook with data reporting details. The symbols listed here are referencedby the normalization unit and applicability table to clarify the general descriptions used as columnheadings.

TL 9000 Quality Management System Product Category Tables 4.1

A-35


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Note 2 Measurements FRT, OFR & OTD are applicable and must be reported for all product categories.Note 3 Product categories listed in or will be used for possible data aggregation only. Measureme

lower product category lisNote 4 If the normalization factor contains the word shipped, then the quantity shipped in the 12 months endin

reported shall be used.


RED italicizedting.


Product Category

ProblemReports

H,S,V

Outage Measurements

RetuCode Description

Service Impact

H,S

NetworkElement Impact

H,S

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (see Table A-6) NPR SO SONE

1 Switching

1.1h Circuit Switch all non-remotes including hostsystems

Network Element Termination Network Element Term

1.1r Circuit Switch remotes only NA Termination Network Element

Note : All organizations registering in 1.1 shall report data for 1.1h and 1.1r in one data submission. If theretheir particular product, then NA shall be entered in the 1.1r data. Data for measurements indicatedin combination with the host data in 1.1h.

Note : For MSC, terminations should equate to configured channels.

1.2 Packet Switch1.2.1 Legacy Packet Products Network Element Network Element NA Term

1.2.2 Access Multi-service Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

1.2.3 Media Gateways Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ




1.2.7 Application Servers Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

1.2.8 Service and Network Controller Network Element MaximumConfigured Call

Capacity

Network Element Networ

1.2.9 Routers

1.2.9.1 Core Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ


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.







RED italicizedting.

Product Category

ProblemReports

H,S,V

Outage Measurements

RetuCode Description Service Impact

H,S


H,S


1.2.9.2 Edge Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

1.2.9.3 Access Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2 Signaling and Network Control

2.1 Service Control {Formerly Service ControlPoint (SCP)}

Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.2 Common Channel Signaling {formerlySignaling Transfer Point (STP)}

Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.3 Home Location Register (HLR) Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.4 Service Logic (SL)Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.5 Protocol Server Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.6 Network Access Control Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

2.7 Network Security Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

3 Transmission

3.1 Transmission Media and Structure(Outside Plant)

3.1.1 Transmission Medium

3.1.1.1 Metallic Products

3.1.1.1.1 Metallic Conductor Cable Finished productmeters shipped

NA NA

3.1.1.1.2 Metallic Connectors Units shipped NA NA

3.1.1.2 Fiber Optic Cable Products


40/68







RED italicizedting.

Product Category

ProblemReports

H,S,V

Outage Measurements


H,S


H,S


3.1.1.2.1 Fiber Optic Cable Finished productmeters shipped

NA NA

3.1.1.2.2 Optical connectors Units shipped NA NA

3.1.1.3 Transmission Sub-systems

3.1.1.3.1 Active Sub-systems Units shipped NA NA U

3.1.1.3.2 Passive Optical Sub-systems Units shipped NA NA

3.1.1.3.3 Ancillary Sub-systems Unit shipped NA NA

3.1.1.3.4 Fixed Antenna Systems

3.1.1.3.4.1 Radio Antenna Systems Network Element NA NA Networ

3.1.1.3.4.2 Satellite Antenna SystemsNetwork Element NA NA Networ

3.1.1.3.4.3 Optical Antenna Systems Network Element NA NA Networ

3.1.2 Physical Structure

3.1.2.1 Enclosures Units shipped NA NA

3.1.2.2 Support Structures Units shipped NA NA

3.1.2.3 Conduits Meters shipped NA NA

3.2 Transport Equipment

3.2.1 Cross Connect Systems

3.2.1.1 Manual Cross Connect Systems Network Element NA NA

3.2.1.2 Digital Cross Connect Systems Network Element DS1 Network Element

3.2.1.3 Optical Cross Connect Systems Network Element OC1 Network Element O

3.2.2 Carrier Systems/Multiplexers

3.2.2.1 Interoffice/Long Haul


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42/68


43/68

.







RED italicizedting.

Product Category

ProblemReports

H,S,V

Outage Measurements


H,S


H,S


5.2 General Purpose Computers Network Element Network Element NA Networ

5.3 Power Systems Network Element Network Element NA

5.4 Data Storage Systems Network Element Network Element NA Networ

6 Customer Premise and Enhanced Services

6.1 Enhanced Services Network Element Network Element Network Element Networ

6.2 Terminal Equipment

6.2.1 Voice Terminals

6.2.1.1 Wireline Telephone Sets Units shipped NA NA

6.2.1.2 Wireless Subscriber User Terminals

6.2.1.2.1 Simple Units shipped NA NA

6.2.1.2.2 Complex Units shipped NA NA

6.2.2 Fax Equipment Units shipped NA NA

6.2.3 Data Modems Units shipped NA NA

6.2.4 Digital Data Service Units Units shipped NA NA

6.2.5 Passive Optical Network Termination Units NEs shipped NA NA

6.2.6 Multi-play Equipment Units shipped NA NA


44/68







RED italicizedting.

Product Category

ProblemReports

H,S,V

Outage Measurements


H,S


H,S


6.2.7 CPE Router Units shipped NA NA

6.2.8 Home Base Station Units shipped NA NA

6.3 Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) Systems Network Element Network Element NA Networ

6.4 Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Network Element Network Element NA Networ

6.5 Small Communications System (KeyTelephone System)

Network Element Network Element NA Networ

6.6 Internet Security Devices Network Element NA NA Networ


45/68

.






RED italicizedting.

Table A-2 Measurement Applicability Table (Normalization Units)

Product Category

Code Description Problem ReportsH,S,V

OutageFrequency

V

ReturnRate

H

Servic

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (seeTable A-6)

NPR EIO FR Numerator Denominator

7 Services7.1 Network Installation and

Provisioning

7.1.1 Installation Job Job NA Non-conformingaudits

Audits

7.1.2 Provisioning Job NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.2 Engineering Service

7.2.1 Network Engineering Service Job Job NA NA

7.2.2 Software DevelopmentService

Contracted ItemsDelivered

NA NA NA

Note: The contracted items delivered are likely to be the same items tracked for the OTD measure.

7.2.3 Hardware DevelopmentService

Contract NA NA NA

7.2.4 Telecom Network Integration Contract NA NA NA

7.2.5 Metrology and Calibration Contract NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.2.6 Telecom Test Laboratory Contracted Test NA NA NA NA


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RED italicizedting.

Product Category


OutageFrequency

V

ReturnRate

H

Servic

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (see

Table A-6) NPR EIO FR Numerator Denominator7.3 Maintenance Service Units maintained NA NA Maintenance

CallbacksMaintenance Vis

7.4 Repair Service Units repaired NA NA Defective RepairedUnits

Units repaired

7.5 Customer Support Service Support requests NA NA UnsatisfactorySupport Request

Responses

Support Reques

7.6 Purchasing Services

7.6.1 Procurement Services Unit NA NA Defective ProcuredUnits

Units Procured


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.







RED italicizedting.

Product Category


OutageFrequency

V

ReturnRate

H

Servic


Table A-6) NPR EIO FR Numerator Denominator7.6.2 Sourcing/Purchasing

Services

Transactions NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.7 ManufacturingServices7.7.1 Small assemblies Units shipped NA Unit NA

7.7.2 Printed Circuit BoardAssembly

Units shipped NA Unit NA

7.7.3 Cable Assembly Units shipped NA Unit NA

7.7.4 Electromechanical Assembly Units shipped NA Unit NA

7.7.5 Logistical Services

7.7.5.1 Logistical Services, ThirdParty

Order NA NA NA

7.7.5.2 Logistical Services, Internal Order NA NA NA7.8 Business Services

7.8.1 Financial Services Transaction NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.8.2 Contract/Temporary Staffing Position filled NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.8.3 Training Course NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Courses

7.8.4 Fleet Logistics Vehicle NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Vehicles

7.9 General Support Service Transaction NA NA DefectiveTransactions

Transactions

7.10 e-Business Consulting Assignment NA NA NA NA


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RED italicizedting.

Product Category


OutageFrequency

V

ReturnRate

H

Servic


Table A-6) NPR EIO FR Numerator Denominator7.11 Customer Assistance Transaction NA NA NA NA


49/68

.






RED italicizedting.


Product Category

Code DescriptionProblem Reports

H,S,V

Return Rate

H

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (see Table A-6) NPR FR

8 Components and Subassemblies8.1 Components

8.1.1 Discrete semiconductors Units shipped NA

8.1.2 Integrated circuits Units shipped NA

8.1.3 Passive Components Units shipped NA

8.1.4 Electromechanical Units shipped NA

Important information for thecategories noted.

Formerly the products in 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, two types of organizations:

a) Organizations that design and develop the propen market. The activities of these organizaproduct before and after the sale

b) Contract manufacturing organizations that bu

company. The receiving company is responsiThe type b organizations were moved to Section included in the Section 8 categories. This is to bemanufacturing is a service. Including these activiSubassemblies Section 8 led to confusion.

8.2 Electronic Assemblies

8.2.1 Simple Units shipped Unit

8.2.2 Medium Complexity Units shipped Unit

8.2.3 High Complexity Units shipped Unit

8.2.4 Very High Complexity Units shipped Unit

8.3 Cable Assemblies Units shipped Unit

8.4 Electromechanical Assemblies Units shipped Unit


50/68







RED italicizedting.

Product Category

Code DescriptionProblem Reports

H,S,V

Return Rate

H

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (see Table A-6) NPR FR

8.5 Optical Fiber and Devices

8.5.1 Optical Fiber Finished product meters shipped NA

8.5.2 Optical Devices

8.5.2.1 Opto-electronic Devices Units shipped Unit

8.5.2.2 Passive Optical Devices Units shipped Unit

8.5.2.3 Optical Subassemblies Units shipped Unit

8.6 Software Components and Tools

8.6.1 Software Components Unit NA

8.6.2 Software Development Tools Unit NA


51/68






RED italicizedting.


Product Category


Service ImpactOutages

H,S,V

Software Measures

S

TL 9000 Measurement Symbols (seeTable A-6)

NPR SO SFQ SPR Numerator

9 End-Customer Products

9.1 Voice Active PhoneNumbers

Terminations NA NA Unsuccessful Calls

9.2 Wireless Network Capacity(Mobile)

Network Capacity(Mobile)

NA NA Dropped Calls

9.3 Transport Networks Trunk Trunk NA NA NA

9.4 Private Networks 10 MB Bandwidth 10 MB Bandwidth NA NA NA

9.5 Internet Access Subscriber Port Subscriber Port Required Same asNPR

NA

9.6 e-Business & Content Hosting Hosted CustomerSites

Hosted CustomerSites

Required Same asNPR

MaintenanceCallbacks

9.7 Bulk Transport

9.7.1 Infrastructure Channel Channel NA NA NA

9.7.2 Wholesale Channel Channel NA NA NA

9.8 Video Broadcast Service Subscriber Subscriber NA NA NA


52/68


53/68

Appendix A

Note 1 The information in this table may have changed. The latest release of this table and its effectivedate are available via the TL 9000 website. Visit http://tl9000.org/pct.htm for the latest version.

TL 9000 Quality Management System Measurements Handbook Appendix A Release 4.1

A-51

Table A-3 Network Element Impact Outage Definitions


Product CategoryTotal Outage Partial Outage

Number NameAll A failure that results in the lossof functionality of the entireNetwork Element.

The loss of part of the capability orservices of the network element but notall of the capability or services. Events,which qualify as total outages, are notcounted as partial outages.

All All whereNE outageapplicable

Unless otherwise stated below,an unscheduled event must belonger than 15 seconds to beconsidered an NE Impactoutage

Unless otherwise stated below, anunscheduled event must be longer than15 seconds to be considered an NEImpact outage

All All whereNE outage

applicable

Unless otherwise stated below,a scheduled event must be

longer than 15 seconds to beconsidered an NE Impactoutage

Unless otherwise stated below, ascheduled event must be longer than

15 seconds to be considered an NEImpact outage


Unless otherwise stated below, incases of the loss of the primaryfunction of the NE, the weighting ofthe duration of a partial outage shallbe determined by the percent of theNE affected by the outage.


Unless otherwise stated below, thepartial outage weight for all specialservices, functions or features are tobe negotiated between the

organization and the customer.1.1 Circuit

SwitchVaries according to switch typeas noted in the following

Default weight for loss of access toemergency services (i.e. 911) is 25%


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Appendix A



A-52



Number Name

1.1, contd End Office(host orremote) and

Tandem

Loss of origination andtermination capability in alllines.

Partial outages includes: Switch Isolation

Remote operating in isolation

(default weight is 50%) Loss of origination or termination

capability in more than 64terminations

Loss of access to one or morecritical services

Loss of stable calls

System congestion problem thatresults in call blocking greater than0.3% of call attempts

85% or more of the servicesubscribers experience a dial tonedelay or 3 seconds or greater

Loss of CCS (default weight is50%)

1.1, contd CombinedTandem/End Office

Loss of origination andtermination capability in allterminations.

Same as End Office

1.1, contd Hybrid VoiceOver Packet(HVOP)

Loss of capability to originateand terminate all traffic.

Partial TDM outage same as Endoffice above

Partial Packet outage -

loss of an aggregate servicebandwidth over 5% of theprovisioned bandwidth for morethan 10 seconds

interface switchovers that lastlonger than 60 milliseconds

Loss of access to one or morecritical services


Loss of stable connections

Total loss of a non-critical service

Total loss of one or more OA&Mfunctions (default weight is 5%)

Total loss of visibility from theElement Management System(EMS) (default weight is 10%)


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Appendix A



A-53



Number Name

1.1, contd MSC/ISC Loss of all capacity fororigination and/or termination ofvoice and data traffic.

Loss of greater than 10% of theprovisioned capacity for originationand/or termination of combined

voice and/or data traffic. Loss of access to one or more

critical services

Loss of stable connections




1.2.2 AccessMulti-service

Total network element outage isconstituted by any of the

following events: Loss of all ability to

transport packets betweenall interface points includingloss of stable connectionsfor a period longer thanone second;

Total network elementisolation for more than 10seconds

Loss of all services forlonger than 10 seconds

For a connection basednetwork element, total lossof ability to set up or teardown connections for aperiod longer than 10seconds.

Loss of capability to originate andterminate more than 64 lines or

trunks (DS0) Loss of an aggregate service

bandwidth over 5% of theprovisioned bandwidth for morethan 10 seconds or loss of morethan 4MB of service bandwidth formore than 5 minutes


System congestion which impactsgreater than 5% of all session set-up attempts

Loss of all stable calls or sessions 85% or more of the service

subscribers experience a sessiondelay of 3 seconds or greater for aperiod longer than 30 secondsInterface switchovers lasting longerthan 60 milliseconds

Total loss of one or more but not allservices (such as ISDN capability,DS1, POTS, etc.) for more than 10seconds


Total loss of visibility from ElementManagement System (EMS)(default weight is 10%)


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Appendix A



A-54



Number Name

1.2.3 MediaGateways

Total loss of ability to providemultimedia communicationsacross networks

Loss of more than 5% ofmultimedia services

Loss of stable service sessions

Total loss of one or more but not allservices


85% or more of the servicesubscribers experience a sessiondelay of 3 seconds or greater for aperiod longer than 30 seconds

Interface switchovers lasting longerthan 60 milliseconds

Total loss of one or more OA&M

functions (default weight is 5%) Total loss of visibility from Element

Management System (EMS)(default weight is 10%)

1.2.7 ApplicationServers

Total loss of ability to provide IPbased multimedia services

Loss of more than 5% of the IPbased multimedia services

Loss of stable service sessions

Total loss of one or more but not allservices


85% or more of the servicesubscribers experience a sessiondelay of 3 seconds or greater for aperiod longer than 30 seconds





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Appendix A



A-55



Number Name

1.2.8 Service andNetworkController

Total loss of capability tooriginate and terminate all traffic

Includes any of the following:

Loss of capability to originate andterminate more than 5% of the

packet traffic Loss of access to one or more

critical services

Loss of all stable calls or sessions

System congestion which results incall blocking of greater than 0.3% ofall call attempts

85% or more of the servicesubscribers experience a dial tonedelay of 3 seconds or greater for aperiod longer than 30 seconds




Loss of CCS (default weight is50%)

1.2.9.1 Core(Routers)

Total network element outage isconstituted by any of thefollowing events:

Loss of all ability totransport packets betweenall interface points includingloss of stable connectionsfor a period longerthanone second



For a connection based networkelement, total loss of ability toset up or tear down connectionsfor a period longer than 10seconds.

Loss of an aggregate servicebandwidth over 5% of theprovisioned bandwidth for morethan 10 seconds or loss of morethan 4MB of service bandwidth formore than 5 minutes


Total loss of a service(s) for morethan 10 seconds




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Appendix A



A-56



Number Name

1.2.9.2 Edge(Routers)





For a connection based networkelement, total loss of ability to

set up or tear down connectionsfor a period longer than 10seconds.

Loss of an aggregate servicebandwidth over 5% of theprovisioned bandwidth for more

than 10 seconds or loss of morethan 4MB of service bandwidth formore than 5 minutes





1.2.9.3 Access(Routers)





For a connection based networkelement, total loss of ability toset up or tear down connectionsfor a period longer than 10seconds.

Loss of an aggregate servicebandwidth over 5% of theprovisioned bandwidth for morethan 10 seconds or loss of morethan 4MB of service bandwidth formore than 5 minutes





2.1 ServiceControl(FormerlyServiceControlPoint (SCP))

Loss of all links and/or allapplications within the singlenetwork element (node). Whenconsidering just the ServiceLogic portion of the SCP, lossof the ability to process anyqueries.

Loss of one or more applications or theloss of 20% or more of the links on thesingle network element (node). Whenconsidering just the Service Logicportion of the SCP, loss of ability toprocess a query


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Appendix A



A-57



Number Name

2.2 CommonChannelSignaling

(formerlySignalingTransferPoint (STP))

Loss of all CCS capability withinthe single network element(node).

Loss of more than 24 channels or 4links, whichever is less on thesingle network element (node)

Loss of provisioning (default weightis 5%)

2.3 HomeLocationRegister(HLR)

Total inability to respond to anyTransactional CapabilitiesApplication Part (TCAP) ofCCS7 message. This failureresults solely from a non-hardware related fault, sinceany hardware related problemsare measured as part of theSCP.

Not reported

2.4 ServiceLogic

Loss of the SCP ability toprocess all queries due to aService Logic fault.

An event caused by a Service Logicfault where the SCP loses the ability toprocess one or more queries. Thisincludes events for which a singleservice or group of services loses theability to process queries. It alsoincludes events, such as degradedperformance, for which some or allservices lose the ability to process oneor more queries.

2.5 ProtocolServers

Loss of all capability to create,modify and terminate sessions

Loss of one or more protocolprocessing functions

Total loss of one or more OA&M

functions (default weight is 5%) Total loss of visibility from the

Element Management System(EMS) (default weight is 10%)

2.6 NetworkAccessControl

Loss of all capability to provideuser authentication,authorization, and accountingservices

Loss of one or more protocolaccess control functions



2.7 NetworkSecurity

Loss of all security functionality Loss of one or more networksecurity functions




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Appendix A



A-58



Number Name

3.2.1.2 Digital CrossConnectSystems

Loss of all network elementservice capabilities for morethan 60 milliseconds.


Loss of network element servicecapabilities affecting at least 5 DS1

equivalent network signals for morethan 60 milliseconds.



3.2.1.3 OpticalCrossConnectSystems



Loss of network element servicecapabilities affecting at least 5 DS1equivalent network signals for morethan 60 milliseconds.



3.2.2.1.1 MetallicCarrierSystem


Loss of network element servicecapabilities affecting at least 5 DS1equivalent network signals for morethan 60 milliseconds.

3.2.2.1.2.1 SONET/SDHTransportSystems



Loss of network element servicecapabilities affecting at least 5 DS1equivalent network signals for more

than 60 milliseconds. Total loss of one or more OA&M

functions (default weight is 5%)


3.2.2.1.2.2 WDM/DWDM/OpticalAmplifier

Loss of all wavelengths formore than 60 milliseconds.


Loss of one or more wavele

prodcat tables 4-1

Documents