process sustainability
TRANSCRIPT
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DESIGN, COSTING & SUSTAINABILITY
ENG 3129/3130/3131/3132
Lecturer: Dr Lauren Basson
Centre for Environmental Strategy (CES)
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (FEPS)
PART 2: SUSTAINABILITY
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Outline
- Clean Technology:
the pollution avoidance approach
- Process Design for Sustainability
- Strategies to Improve Process Designs
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What is a clean technology?
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A clean technology is
a means ofproviding a human benefit
which, overall, usesless resources
and causes less environmental damage
than alternative means with which it is
economically competitive.
Roland Clift
Clean Technology
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Process Design for Sustainability
How do we go about designingchemical processes?
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Process Design
General approach Initial generation of a large number of designs at a low level of
detail
Screening of these to smaller number
Consideration of these at a more detailed level
Selection of a particular design Final development of this design to a level that enables
construction to commence
Screening/selection to meet design objectives, such as
product quality profitability
environmental performance
safety
etc.
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Criterion 1
Criterion2
DiscreteAlternatives
Estimated
ValueEstimatedRange
Decision Spaces During Design Development
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Operating
RegimeUncertainty
Discrete
Feasible Regions
Criterion2
Criterion 1
Decision Spaces During Design Development
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Operating
RegimeUncertainty
Discrete
Feasible Regions
Criterion2
Criterion 1
Decision Spaces During Design Development
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
Economic Cost means the cost of delivering theproduct or service; i.e. conventional cost (capital plusoperating), not including external costs.
Environmental Impact corresponds to one categoryamong several, and must be evaluated for the
complete supply chain or life cycle.
Decision frontier is actually multi-dimensional.Techniques like process modelling can be used to
construct the surface.
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COST
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
First Principal Component
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Secon
dPrincipalCompo
nent
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
44%
WS
JOBS SS
CC
ALF
FFETA&E
CCNG
WATER
PFDesign Scenarios
FBC
Design Scenarios
First Principal Component
Second
PrincipalComponent
Technology Selection for Coal Based Power Generation
Basson 2004
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Strategies to Improve Process Designs
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Ammonia & Bioethanol & VCM
Chlorinated Methanes & Gas Oil Hydrofining
Claus Sulphur & Hydrogen Cyanide &
Oligomerisation of LPG
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Reduction
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
modify reactor
different feed/process
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Reuse
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
direct material or energy recovery
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Recycling/Energy Recovery
Elsewhere in process
Additional processing to enable material or energy recovery
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Recycling/Energy Recovery
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Recycling/Energy Recovery
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
includes industrial symbiosis via direct use or processing
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
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The Waste Management Hierarchy
Allen, D.T and K.S Rosselot (1997). Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiles and Sons, New York
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Spent Fluoridic
Caustic (SFC)Water
Alkylation
Process
ASO washvessel
HFcatalyst
50wt%NaOH
ASO
(fuel oil)
4.5wt%NaOH
Spentfluoridic
caustic fromrelief system
Acidre-runcolumnStripping
isobutane
Acid +
impurities
Recoveredacid
Impurities +acid losses
Spentfluoridiccaustic
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For Next Week
In your groups, prepare a draft presentation describing the processyou have designed.
Include
- Goal of process
- Flow sheet (simplified and accessible if necessary)- Highlight key features of mass and energy balance
- Rationale for design choices
- Some initial thoughts on key environmental impacts
- Some initial thoughts on areas for improvement
Upload your draft presentation on the Ulearn site submission boxwill be available
Deadline: Thursday 10 March 17h00