1. Process improvement in sulfur industries(Claus process) Prepared by : Nurul Najwa Bte MustafaSA10100 Noor Azizah Bt Md JenalSA10101

2. INTroduction A catalytic chemical process that isused for converting gaseoushydrogen sulphide (H2S) intoelemental sulphur (S). The most significantgas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur fromgaseous hydrogen sulfide. 3. Process improvement Related to the development ofmore efficient technologies. Two types most importantapproaches arei) process integrationii)process intensification. 4. Process intergration2 H2S + O2 S2 + 2 H2OProcess Integration does not stop withthe synthesis of process flow sheets forindividual processes. Individual processeswould normally operate as part of anintegrated manufacturing site consisting of a 5. Process intensification Refers to any chemical engineeringdevelopment that leads to asubstantiallysmaller, cleaner, and moreenergy efficient technology 6. Example Superclaus catalyst A tail gas clean-up process Oxygen Enrichment Of SulfurRecovery Units (Sru) Partial oxidation 7. Superclaus Catayst Designed to give complete and highly selectiveconversion of H2S to elemental sulfur, lowformation of SO2, and low sensitivity to waterconcentrations in the process gas so it has noClaus reaction reactivity. The catalyst consists of active metal oxides ona carrier. Its properties include thefollowing:i. H2S conversion to sulfur higher than 85%ii. not sensitive to excess air, not sensitive tohigh water concentrations,iii.no CO/H2 oxidation,iv.no formation of COS/CS2, 8. A tail gas clean-up process to allow the process to increase theconversion An example is the amine-basedtailgascean-up process, whichreduces all of the sulfur compoundsin the tailgas leaving the front-endClaus sulfur plant back to H2S, thenuses selective amine absorption toremove the H2S while allowing mostof the carbon dioxide to slip by. TheH2S and carbon dioxide removed by 9. Oxygen Enrichment Of Sulfur Recovery Units (Sru) To enrich the combustion air in the Clausburner with oxygen. Because of oxygen enrichment, inertnitrogen is kept out of the Claus plantdue to less air flow, so that the gasvolume and the pressure drop there arereduced compared with the originaloperation with air. The pressuredifference gained by oxygen enrichmentcan be used to transport the gas throughthe subsequent tail-gas cleanup. Can also be used to add more crude-gas- 10. Cost & benefitsSUPERCLAUS PROCESS To give complete and highlyselective conversion of H2S toelemental sulfur, low formationof SO2 and low sensitivity to waterconcentrations in the process gas. Other than that, higher activitieshave been achieved with catalyststhat provide higher surface areasand macro porosity 11. Cost & benefitsOxygen Enrichment of Sulfur RecoveryUnits (Sru) Increased capacity in the Claus plant, sothat the sulfur capacity can be increasedby up to 100%. Higher flame temperature from theClaus burner, giving better conversion ofpollutants, especially of ammonia. Lower volume of gas from the Clausplant that reduces the load on the tail-gas treatment process the cost of implementing SRU oxygenenrichment is only 5-20% of the cost forbuilding a new SRU. 12. conclusionTo achieve the optimum Claus processdesign for any feed composition, all suitable processes should be fully explored with a process simulator before making design decisions. 13. referencesi. http://www.chemicalprocessing.co m/articles/2005/452/ii. http://chemengineering.wikispaces. com/Claus+processiii. http://www.iitk.ac.in/che/jpg/pap ersb/full%20papers/S%20- %20122%20.pdfiv. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus _process