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IxDF – Formal Report Iteration VII (Final)

SUSTAINABLEPUBLISHING

TOR BOOKS

Opportunities to create a sustanable future, efficent business, and responsible book publishing.

Executive SummaryFinding a sustainable future is necessary not only at TOR Books, but for our world. The primary environ-mental impact for book publishers like TOR Books is paper consumption. TOR Books’ efforts should be dedicated to iden-tifying every possible way we can reduce the carbon emissions resulting from our paper usage. These efforts will reduce the cost of business and foster a sustainable future.

Component Pieces in Book Construction

Choices around big and small component pieces in book construction alike have significant environmental impact.

Contents A Sustainable Future ................................................................ 5 Responsibility to Society ........................................................... 6 Novel Ideas ................................................................................ 7 Books that Feel Right ............................................................... 8 Reading Responsibly ................................................................. 9 By the Books ............................................................................ 10 Cover to Cover ......................................................................... 11 Page by Page ........................................................................... 12 Credits ..................................................................................... 13

A Sustainable FutureEcologically Sound IndustryIndustrial ecology views industry’s impact on the environment in terms of a comprehensive system that uses and disposes of materials. We can learn to close the materials loop more effi-ciently by thinking on a larger scale about the flow back into industry of materials that would otherwise be discarded into the environment. There are numerous means of protecting the environment from industrial wastes. We can, for example, forgo the benefits of a potentially harmful material or we can seek to replace it with a more benign substitute. We can redesign products with the intention of reus-ing materials and components. It is not yet clear what mix of remedies will most economically minimize the impact of in-dustrial materials on the environment. The various possibil-ities hold out great promise, but there are complex problems and barriers to be overcome as we develop and implement a new, ecologically sound model for the management of materi-als in industry. The industrial ecology perspective is beginning to influence designers of manufacturing processes. Designers of products are beginning to view their creations as transient embodiments of matter and energy with added value that can be recaptured and recreated within a continuing flow of ma-terials extending beyond the point of sale. Products and the materials they contain are being designed so that they can be reused at the end of their lives.

We strongly believe finding a sustainable future is necessary not only in our business, but also for our world.

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Our ResponsibilityWaste Reduction & Self-SufficiencyOne way for industry to be more self-sufficient and less wasteful is to improve the efficiency of materials use. It seems worthwhile to examine both production processes and product designs to see if the use of materials (and energy) can be improved. Currently, when products wear out or are replaced by newer models, they are usually thrown away. They may be used as landfill or incinerated or they may litter the landscape. Regulatory pressures and shifting public opinion have spurred the industrial and engineering community to initiate efforts aimed at closing the materials loops more effectively and improving energy-use efficiencies. Closing the loop on those value-added materials raises an important question: Is the product simply the hardware being sold, or is it rather the services that the product can provide? There was a time when it was common practice to lease rather than sell many products outright. In a lease-based system, the manufacturer controls and therefore is responsible for the end of the product’s life and is always pre-pared to take it back for recycling, reuse, or refurbishment.

Our sustainability effort now covers every aspect of our work day, processes, and all the steps required to publish, print and sell books.

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Books that Feel RightNovel IdeasMaterial & Energy StreamsThe whole industrial process can be thought of as a closed cycle in which the manufacturer has overall custody for the material used. In this system, the manufacturer must con-sider the entire material and energy stream, from materials input and manufacturing through the life of the product and its eventual reuse or disposal. Designing a product as a temporary provider of a ser-vice, to be used later in the creation of another product, is a novel idea in modern manufacturing and raises a new set of issues. A product is generally sold with the assumption that a consumer or sequence of consumers will use it until it cannot be used anymore. If the manufacturer thinks about taking it back for remanufacturing, the length of time the product spends in the customer’s hands becomes an adjustable design variable. The maker may not want the product to wear out by being used for an indefinite time and so might choose to reclaim it at an optimum time for remanufacture. Thus, the notion of “what is a product?” changes. Similarly, its life cycle may also change. The manufacturer may increasingly want to choose materials and designs that take into account the product’s eventual “de-manufacture” and reuse.

Production Process & Product DesignIt seems worthwhile to examine both production processes and product designs to see if the use of materials (and ener-gy) can be improved. Our company is designing new products with reuse, remanufacture, and recycling in mind. The industrial ecology perspective is beginning to influence designers of manufacturing processes. Designers of products are beginning to view their creations as transient embodiments of matter and energy with added value that can be recaptured and recreated within a continuing flow of ma-terials extending beyond the point of sale. Products and the materials they contain are being designed so that they can be reused at the end of their lives. As products are redesigned for newer more cyclical ma-terial use, some of the material problems may be eliminated through smarter design. However, it will not always be possi-ble to “design out” problematic materials. The barriers to industrial recycling of metals can be classified into six interrelated areas: technical hurdles, eco-nomic barriers, information barriers, organizational obsta-cles, regulatory issues, and legal concerns. We can redesign products with the intention of reusing materials and components. The various possibilities hold out great promise, but there are complex problems and barriers to be overcome as we develop and implement a new, ecologically sound model for the management of materials in industry.

We evaluate each book we publish in the context of the environment, quality and durability.

The electricity used to create and store a digitized book is significantly less than is used to create a paper book.

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Sustainability is the basic allegiance that any global citizen should pledge.

Reading Responsibly By the BooksProduction & ConsumptionHuman economic activity has been characterized by an open and linear system of materials flows, where materials are taken in, transformed, used, and thrown out. Tools, clothing, and other products have been forged and fashioned from nat-ural plant, animal, and mineral materials. Worn-out goods and materials left over from the production process have been dumped in backyards and landfills. Even archaeologists find discarded reminders of the past: scrap stone, flints, and potsherds - in the rubbish dumps of the Neolithic period. People moved to new habitats when the old locations became unsuitable because of accumulated wastes. Today, there are more of us and fewer new places to which to move. We face serious pollution in many locations and have poisoned some areas into uninhabitability. As hu-man populations grow, discarding waste material is becom-ing increasingly problematic. As the green game is played out in corporate board-rooms, the shop floor, in the home, and in the community, it is clear that technology and engineering will continue to play a critical role in reducing many environmental impacts of production and consumption.

Environmental BookkeepingThe cost of eliminating or reusing certain materials must be balanced against the cost of disposal. Disposal costs bring up the question of how companies should take account of indi-rect costs such as the effect of wastes on the environment. There are costs involved in collecting, sorting, and transporting used-up products, scrap, and waste. Such sepa-ration requires information, effort, and energy, which must all be paid for. These costs must be compared with the costs of new materials. Standard management and other accounting systems often do not track costs in a way that is useful to designers. Design engineers may not know of the real costs to the com-pany of the materials they choose. Designers generally have no idea what waste problems will be posed by manufacturing with different materials. These issues could be dealt with by including the costs of environmental damage in the company’s bookkeeping. The bookkeeping approach would provide an incentive to mini-mize such costs, and it might force a truer comparison of the costs of alternative schemes. However, it has proved very dif-ficult to find suitable, agreed-upon measures for such costs.

44% reduction of CO2 intensity

per ton of purchased paper.

60% of paper from mills that

run on renewable sources.

98% of cardboard in our

distribution and returns

facilities is recycled.

Take preventativeaction now rather than past the point where a catastrophic situation is beyond remedial action.

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Reading TOR Books supports our responsibility as global citizens to achieve sustainability.

Cover to Cover Page by PageMaterials & Energy FlowsThe study of industrial systems (materials and energy flows) from the perspective of natural ecosystems. Natural eco-systems have evolved so that any available source of useful material or energy is used by some organism in the system. Animals and plants live on each other and on each other’s waste matter. These systems do, of course, leave some waste materials, or fossil fuels would not exist. But on the whole, the system regulates itself and consumes what it produces. Neither technology nor technological know-how are in short supply. The primary opportunities come from the con-tinued, sustained application of existing technology to iden-tified problems. The primary need is to create the incentives and techniques for companies to use technology and knowl-edge to improve environmental quality. The internal organization of a firm can be difficult to change. Changing the whole concept of a product or adding new criteria for environmental compatibility to the design process may not fit the ideas on which the firm operates or its internal incentive system. The business structure may make perception and solution of problems that cross organization lines very difficult.

Design for Materials & EnergyAs human populations grow, discarding waste material is becoming increasingly problematic. One way for industry to be more self-sufficient and less wasteful is to improve the effi-ciency of materials use. It seems worthwhile to examine both production processes and product designs to see if the use of materials (and energy) can be improved. The whole industrial process can be thought of as a closed cycle in which the manufacturer has overall custody for the material used. In this system, the manufacturer must consider the entire material and energy stream, from mate-rials input and manufacturing through the life of the product and its eventual reuse or disposal. The cost of eliminating or reusing certain materials must be balanced against the cost of disposal. As products are redesigned for newer more cyclical material use, some of the material problems may be eliminated through smarter design. However, it will not always be possible to “design out” problematic materials.

Sustainability covers everything we can control or influence in our relationship with employees, vendors, authors, stores and readers.

We uncover new areas for exploration and change - Taking steps towards lasting sustainability.

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We look at paper production from a fully integrated view including harvesting, production and transportation.

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CreditsEcosystem services assessment: A review under an ecolog-ical-economic and systems perspective; 2014; Häyhä, T., Franzese, P.P.

Studying the demand-side vis-à-vis the supply-side of urban water systems - Case study of Oslo, Norway; 2014; Ven-katesh, G., Brattebø, H.

Dynamic metabolism modelling of urban water services - Demonstrating effectiveness as a decision-support tool for Oslo, Norway; 2014; Venkatesh, G., Sægrov, S., Brattebø, H.

ColophonThis report was set in Century Schoolbook, 14 point. The front and back cover were illustrated by Michael Whelan.The title, heads, subheads, and callouts were composed and set by Michael Richardson. using Adobe InDesign.

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IxDF – Infographic Iterations

C O N T E N T S

1 A Sustainable Future.............................................................. 52 Responsibility to Society ......................................................... 63 Novel Ideas .............................................................................. 74 Books that Feel Right ............................................................. 85 Reading Responsibly ............................................................... 96 By the Books .......................................................................... 107 Cover to Cover ....................................................................... 118 Page by Page ......................................................................... 129 Credits ................................................................................... 13

End Paper

End Paper

Pages

Backing

Material

Backing

Material

Head-Band

Tail-Band

Spine

Cloth

Covering

Case

Green Book Binding

Component Pieces in Book Construction

Choices around big and small component pieces in book construction alike have signifi cant environmental impact.

IxDF – Cover Iterations

SUSTAINABLEPUBLISHING

TOR BOOKS

SUSTAINABLEPUBLISHING

TOR BOOKS

Opportunities to create a sustanable future, effi cent business, and responsible book publishing.

IxDF – Sample Sheet

IxDF – Web Iterations

SUSTAINABLEPUBLISHING

TOR BOOKS

TOR BOOKS: SUSTAINABLE PUBLISHINGFinding a sustainable future is necessary not only at TOR Books, but for our world. The primary environmental impact for book publishers like TOR Books is paper consumption. TOR Books’ efforts should be dedicated to identifying every possible way we can reduce the carbon emissions resulting from our paper usage. These efforts will reduce the cost of business and foster a sustainable future.

Contents A Sustainable Future Responsibility to Society Novel Ideas Books that Feel Right Reading Responsibly By the Books Cover to Cover Page by Page Credits

SUSTAINABLEPUBLISHING

TOR BOOKS

Thomas Friedman's best-selling book, That Used to Be Us, was printed on sustainable paper saving enough energy to power TOR’s offices (all 21 floors) for an entire year.

Contents

The Future

Responsibility

Novel Ideas

Feel-Good Books

Good Reading

By the Books

Cover to Cover

Page by Page

Credits