PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIII

IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS

TORINO SEPTEMBER 5-9, 1994

FROM MEASUREMENT TO INNOVATION

VOLUME 1

L

CONTENTS

Invited Papers

Metrology, its role in today's world 3 T.J. QUINN

Measurement, information, knowledge-fundamental concepts, philosophical implications, applications 11 L. FDMKELSTEIN

TC1 - HIGHER EDUCATION TC 1.1: Nature and scope of measurements.

Education for measurement

Education in measurement and instrumentation for mechanical and process engineers from application point of view 23 R. TALEBI-DARYANI

System approach to electrical measurement teaching ....29 W. WINIECKI and K. ADAMOWICZ

The teaching of applications of microcontrollers in instrumentation 34 P. KOCOUREK and J. FISCHER

A teaching laboratory on automatic test Systems 38 E. BASIUCO, R. MICEU, S. MILLEMACI, S. NUCCIO, G. Ricco GALLUZZO

and M. TRAPANESE

TC 1.2: Methods of teaching

Optimisation criteria in measurement. Education aspects 47 E.G. WOSCHNI

iv

Selected problems concerning changes in the education of metrological staff in the work of the education commission 52 D . TURZENIECKA

Qn the training of measurement engineers in the design of small real-time embedded microprocessor Systems 55 J.H. MILNER

Electronics, metaphors and multimedia. An innovative tutoring environment , 58 E. KAYAFAS, I. TSATSAKIS, V. LOUMOS and E. CAMBOURAKIS

TC 1.3: Examples of practical Solutions

Electronic measurement Systems. A modern didactic approach 65 J. MROCZKA, A. MUCIEK and R. RYMASZEWSKI

Measurement methodology versus pedagogical problems of Engineering 68 G.H.M. BERHANU

Scientific expertise retrieval 78 O. AUMALA and P. MÄKINEN

Impact of Tempus Programme on the high level teaching of metrology and measurement Systems in Romania 82 C. ILIESCU, B. PANTEUMON and A. MILLEA

TC 2 - PHOTONICS TC 2.1: Application of photon detectors for radiometry

and photometry

Photonic measurement at the dawn of the twenty first Century 89 J. SCHANDA

Germanium avalanche photodiodes for the detection of Single photons in the near infrared 95 A. LACAITA and F. ZAPPA

Detector electronics for picosecond photon timing measurements S. COVA, M. GHIONI and C. SAMORI

101

V

Photodetector linearity measurement over a wide dynamic ränge 107 P. LECOLUNET and J. BASTIE

Realisation of a Standard monochromatic radiance source using alaser diode 113 J.M. DESBANCS and J. BASTIE

Straylight compensation in luminous flux measurement 119 G. Rossi and P. SOARDO

Measurement of fhe optical absorption coef ficient of amorphous semiconductor thin films by photothermal techniques 124 G. AMATO, G. BENEDETTO, L. BOARINO, R. GAVIOSO and R. SPAGNOLO

Automatic spectrogonioradiometer 130

E. FALLET and M.R. BERNAZZANI

TC 2.2: Optoelectronics and optical communication

Optical amplifiers measurements 139 P. Di VITA, A. CAVACIUTI and B. SORDO

Measurements for optical connectors characterization 145 F. CAVIGUA, D. SUINO and F. NANNI

Fiber-optic sensors with cut fibers and their characteristics 151 P. SKOK and J. SEMAN

TC 3 - MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND MASS TC 3.1: New reaserch topics and high accuracy

achievements in force measurements

Development of 1 MN lever force Standard machine combined with 100 kN deadweight machine and 10 tbalance 161 X.M. Li, Q.Z. Li, C. FERRERO and B.R. ZHAO

Development of 20 MN hydraulic force Standard machine using new type of loading ram-cylinder System 166 C.Y. SHI, Z.P. CAI, Z.M. Li, H. ZHOU, B.Z. Yi and J. SHEN

Design of 30 MN build-up force transducer and its application DJ. KANG, H.K. SONG and J.T. LEE

172

VI

The influence of disturbing components on the torque measurement, demonstrated by the example of transducer asymmetries 178 D. RÖSKE

The new 1 MN dead-weight force Standard machine: description of the installation procedure followed at the Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" 183 G. BARBATO, A. BRAY, F. FRANCESCHINI, R. LEVI and F. TREVISSOI

Technical metrological and working features of force Standard machines for primary and secondary use 189 L. GALDABINI

A 1 kN deadweight force Standard machine exhibiting inexpensive mechanical design 195 A. HUNSCHE

Intercomparison results of force Standards ranging up to 20 MN between Japan and China 199 T. Tojo, H. MAEJIMA, K. UCHQCAWA, C.Y. SHI, Z.M. LI, B.H. Yi and H. ZHOU

The new 0,5 MN IMGC six-component dynamometer 205 C. FERRERO, C. MARINARI and E. MARTTNO

High-resolution and high-sensitivity force measurements using the intracavity photoelastic effect 211 W. HOLZAPFEL and M. FINNEMAN

Determination of the f riction of aerostatic radial bearings for the lever-mass System of torque Standard machines 216 D. PESCHEL and D. MAUERSBERGER

TC 3.2: Calibration methods, quality control and application in force

After-effects in load cells 223 K. BETHE

A proving-ring load cell based on a DETF mechanical resonator 229 A. CHESHMEHDOOST and B.E. JONES

Expert System for testing mechanical properties of Aluminium and Aluminium alloys 234 I. EMRI and D. KOVAÖC

Vll

New magnetoelastic force transducer 241 J. ZAKRZEWSKI

Studies on the factors affecting calibration characteristics of universal calibration machines 247 H.M. EL-HAKEEM, A.A. EL-SAYED and M.K. EL-DORRY

Advantages of traceability by using torque transfer Standard TTS 253

P.D. HOHMANN

TC 3.3: Dynamic force measurements

Error sources in dynamic force calibration 259 R. KUMME

Evaluation of force transducers dynamic characteristic by impact 265 K. UEDA and A. UMEDA

Piezoresistive thick-film sensors for force and Vibration measurements 271 D. CRESCINI, V. FERRARI, D. MARIOLI and A. TARONI

Measurement of slow dynamic effects axial loads to optimise the Operation of machines 277 M. RÜZICKA and J. KEZNICEK

Surface force detection using a force balancing method with an optical displacement sensor 283 H. KUCUTA, N. KATO and K. IWATA

Factors affecting the applied load during endurance testing of hip Joint femoral implants 289 R. HOWARD-HILDIGE, L.M. HARTNETT and B.G. CROSSAN

TC 3.4: Mass and density measurements

Reference liquids and solids for the dissemination of the unit of density 297 K.D. SOMMER, H. FEHLAUER and J. POZIEMSKI

Variations in the mass of Standard weights due to contact with water 303 M. PLASSA, E. ANGELINI, P. BIANCO, and A. TORINO

viii

Space-ship on board scale 309 C.Y. MAEDA, R.C. MASUO and T.S. BABA

The gas pre-treatment effects on the surface contamination by adsorption 315 Y.H. SHIN, S.K. LEE, K.J. LEE, S.S. HONG and K.H. CHUNG JHUNG

On density profile uncertainty determination during the entry phase of Huygens Probe in the Titan atmosphere 321 F. ANGRILU, R. D A FORNO and B. SAGGIN

TC 4 - MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES

TC 4.1: Electrical precision metrology TC 4.1.1: Resistance, impedance and admittance Standards

Research in support of calibration Services in DC voltage and resistance at the National Physical Laboratory, UK 331 L. HENDERSON, J.M. WILLIAMS, A. FIARTLAND, N.B. LXIPUY, D.R. SMITH,

C.H. PORTER and R.P. THOMPSON

Impedance comparison in the low-medium ränge through precision AC voltage measurements .335 F. CABIATI, G.C. BOSCO and A. Sosso

Monitoring resistance Standards by comparison with the quantized Hall resistance 340 G. BOELLA, G. MARULLO-REEDTZ, L. CORDIALI and M. TRUCCATO

A digital correction of errors for an admittance comparator 345 R. RYBSKI and J. KACZMAREK

The least Standard deviation as a checkout test method with applications to 2. 5«10"10 350 F. CASTELU

Superconducting thin film devices for electrical precision measurement 356 D. ANDREONE, L. BRUNETTI, V. LACQUANITI, S. MAGGI, E. MONTICONE,

M. PETRIZZELU and R. STENI

IX

TC 4.1.2: Voltage Standards and watt realisation

Establishing a 1-V Josephson junction array voltage Standard at IEN ..363 D. ANDREONE, A. GODONE and L. CANARELU

Measurements on a group of fourteen 10 V solid-state Standards 368 M.A. AMUDA and P.J. SPREADBURY

Study of a voltage-force transducer for absolute watt realisation 374 F. CABIATI, M. MOSCA, S. PETTORRUSO and A. Sosso

Software uncertainty reduction of a voltage Standard 380 J. DRNOVSEK, M. LINDIC, D. FEFER, A. JEGUC and J. BOJKOVSKI

IEN microwave power Standard realisation and dissemination 385 L. BRUNETTI and M. PETRIZZELLI

TC 4.2: Signal processing and noise measurements TC 4.2.1: Converters

Dynamic testing of high speed A / D Converters 393 G. CHIORBOU, G. FRANCO and C. MORANDI

Diagnosis of analog to digital Converters by means of Walsh transforms 398 P. ARPAIA, F. CENNAMO, P. DAPONTE and M. D'APUZZO

A new thermal RMS to frequency Converter 404 M. KAMPIK, T. SKUBIS

Dithered digital-to-analog Converters 409 P. CARBONE, C. NARDUZZI and D. PETRI

E)ynamic testing of A / D Converters 415

J. VEDRAL

TC 4.2.2: Signal processing for measurements

Estimation of periodic signal parameters based on data coUected during short Observation intervals 423 M. BERTOCCO, D. PETRI and F.E. ZANIN

X

Incorporation of the positivity constraint into a cepstral method of measurand reconstruction 429 A. KALINOWSKA, R.Z. MORAWSKI and T. LUBIANKA

Interference cancelling based on coherent signal processing 435

S.J. DADO

TC 4.2.3: Measuretnent applications

Original-domain Tikhonov regularisation and non-negativity constraint improve resolution of spectrometric analysis 441 L. SZCZECINSKI, R.Z. MORAWSKI and A. BARWICZ

Estimating the power spectrum of random signals in the presence of correlated impulsive noise 447 J. SAWICKI

Fiat top smoothing of periodograms for improvement of accuracy in estimating power spectra with Welch's method 451 F. ATIWISSIMO, M. SAVINO and A. TROTTA

Instantaneous spectrum analysis using time interval measurements 456

L. PARADOWSKI and A. PIENIEZNY

TC 4.2.4: Noise in electrical measurements

Analysis of disturbance suppression filters 465 H. JOKINEN

TC 4.3: Advances in electronic Instrumentation and measurement Systems

TC 4.3.1: Advances in electrical measurement methods

Industrial and metrological aspects of digital instrumentation 473 A. FIOK, F. CABIATI and M. SAVINO

Advances in critical current density measurements for high TC superconductors 484 S. COLOMBO, R. GERBALDO, G. GHIGO, E. MEZZETTI and B. MINETTI

High precision multifrequency binary testing 490 M.M. AL-MUHAISNI, J. MCGHEE, I.A. HENDERSON and T. ARBUCKLE

XI

Measurement of capacitance-voltage characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs isotype in heterojunctions 496 A. CRUZ SERRA

Contactless frequency measurement and sampling reconstruction of electronic Signals with picosecond resolution 500 G. BREGUO, A. CUTOLO, L. ZENI, F. CORSI, D. DE VENUTO

AND G.V. PORTACQ

Hybrid A / D Converter 505

F. SEBESTA

TC 4.3.2: Electronic measurement Instruments

PC instruments based on multifunction plug-in cards 511 V. HAASZ, J. ROZTOCIL and P. STADLER

A System for traceability maintenance and verification based on high stability multimeters 517 G.C. Bosco, G. LA PAGUA, U. POGUANO and G. ZAGO

Design and characterisation of an SPWD-based Virtual instrument 523 G. ANDRIA and N. SABIA

Basic components of digital Instrumentation for industry by electromagnetic micro relays 529 F. CASTELU

Microwave system for measurements of materials properties 535 J. MODELSKI, K. DERZAKOWSKI and J. KRUPKA

The effect of the dispersive delay lines parameters on the SAW spectrum analyser accuracy 541 A. MILEWSKI, N. BASZUN, K. KEDRA and S. GAWOR

Integrated multichannel picoampere measuring system 545

V. KUNC, J. TRONTELJ and L. TRONTELJ

TC 4.3.3: Measurement for communication Systems

A digital instrument for instantaneous phase jitter measurements in communication Systems 553 L. BENETAZZO, M. BERTOCCO, C OFFELU and F.E. ZANIN

xii

An automated system for fast measurements of radio frequency disturbance 559 M. BORSERO, M. GIUNTA, M. MORSONE and E. NANO

Propagation measurements in wideband mobile Channels 565 F. GATTI and F. TALLONE

New trends in phase-shift measurement 571 P. KOCOUREK and Z. STMPKA

Systems for measuring radiocommunication equipment. Selected problems : 576 A.J. FIOK, J. CHICHOKI, J. KOLAKOWSKI, K. KWIECIEN and S. ZMUDIN

Improved group-delay and amplitude distortion measurements for telephone-type networks 582 M. BERTOCCO, D. LORENZIN, C. OFFELLI and D. PETRI

VXI based measurement stations: an approach to the characterization 588

P. ARPAIA, A. BACCIGALUH and A. PIETROSANTO

TC 4.3.4: Sensors and transducers

Low-cost accurate measurement system for impedance sensors 597 S. TEMMERMAN, A. BAREL and J. SCHOUKENS

High Resolution measurements of capacitive transducers using resonance detection technique 603 D. MARIOU, E. SARDINI, A. TARONI and B. YUE

Ultrasonic sensor enhancement by peak-limited driving signal optimisation 608 M. PARVIS

A new optical voltage detector for metal-clad switchboard 614 F. ANAGNI, S. LUPINI, U. MARCHETH, L. PODESTÄ and G. SACERDOTI

SAW devices as electronic sensors of nonelectric measurands 619 A. MILEWSKI, N. BASZUN and S. GAWOR

TC 4.3.5: Measurements on power Systems

Evaluation of power factor in short-circuit test plants O. BOTTAUSCIO, G. CROTTI and G. FARINA

627

xiii

A self-tuning Kaiman filter for power System measurement applications 633 A. BEGHI, P. CARBONE and F.E. ZANIN

On site calibration of impulse voltage measuring Systems 639 R. GOBBO and G. PESAVENTO

Improvement of instrumentation for frequency measurements of power engineering Systems under ship's conditions 645 J. MlNDYKOWSKI

A Computer aided system for automatic testing of instrument current transformer accuracy 650 S. SKUNDRIC, D. KOVACEVIC, F. SMAK, S. VUKOVOJAC and M. KOROUJA

Improved method of investigating asynchronous electrical motors 655 J.R. PRZYGODZKI and J. KIESNER

Smart trust and speed measurement device for linear induction motors testing 659 G. Bucci, A. GERMANO and C. LANDI

Measurement System for testing power transformers 665

M. BORSIC

TC 4.3.6: Electric power measurements

Test and Validation procedures for digital instruments for the measurement of electric power components 673 L. CRBTALDI, A. FERRERO and R. OTTOBONI

Power measurements in non-sinusoidal conditions: methodologies and applications 679 G. ANDRIA, G. CAVONE and M. SAVINO

Power measurement at Converter fed drives 685 CH. SPIELMANN

The plug-in board as intelligent instrument for the electrical network power quality measurement 691 E. BASIUCO, S. NUCCIO and M. SPECIALE

Measurement of unwanted powers in power quality management 697 R. SASDELU and A. MENCHETTI

XIV

TC 4.3.7: Impedance measurements

Effects of supply harmonics on measurement accuracy of power System loop impedance 705 R. ROSKOSZ

Monitoring the Sedimentation of a two particle-type dispersion by impedance spectroscopy 711 E.O. ETUKE, D.A. HALL, R.C. WATERFALL, M.S. BECK, R.A. WILLIAMS

AND T. DYAKOWSKI

DSP-based spectroscopic impedance analyser . 717 E.O. ETUKE, R.C. WATERFALL, F.J. DICKIN and M.S. BECK

Precision measurement of complex impedances by Computer controlled quadrature bridge 723 M.N. SURDU, I.V. TRETYAK, O.A. ORNATSKY and A.D. VASILENKO

Measuring circuit to obtain photovoltaic module current-voltage characteristic in three quadrants 727 A. ABETE, G.L. PEOLA and I. COMETTO

TC 4.4: Measurement of magnetic quantities

Calibration of power frequency electric and magnetic field meters 735 O. BOTTAUSCIO, G. CROTTI, S. D'EMIUO and G. FARINA

Measurement of low frequency noise using a sigma-delta-ADC/PC measurement system 741 M. SEDLACEK, P. RIPKAAND V. JANASEK

High accuracy of a new method of alternating magnetic fields measurement 746 S.G. TARANOV, J.F. KOROVTN and J.M. PANCHISIN

Dynamic digital hysteresisgraph 752 P. RIPKA, P. SMOUK, J. ROZTOCIL and P. KASPAR

TC 5 - HARDNESS MEASUREMENT TC 5.1: Equipment for hardness measurements

Metrological involvement in the definition and dissemination of hardness scales 761 G. BARBATO and F. PETDC

XV

Improved Performance of referential hardness testing machine 767 S. IWASAKI, N. HIDA and H. ISHIDA

The present Status and future of hardness Standards particularly Rockwell hardness 773 H. YAMAMOTO and T. YAMAMOTO

The geometric characterisation of Rockwell Diamond indenters 779 J.F. SONG, F.F RUDDER, JR., T.V. VORBURGER, A.W. HARTMAN,

B.R. SCACE and J.H. SMITH

A survey of STM-based methods to measure microindentations 785 G. BARBATO, S. DESOGUS, A. GERMAK, R. LEVI, G. MURARI, G.B. PICOTTO,

G. PODDA and E. XHOMO

Development of an indenting test method based on the def ormation process in hardness test 791 H. ISHIDA and H. YANO

Using instrumentated microindentation to aid manufacture of components from brittle materials ..797 R.S. PoLVANi and C.J. EVANS

Micro-hardness tests for investigating the effects of aging and rolling 803 H. IMAI

The measurement of contact stiffness of machine parts with nominally flat surfaces 809 A. POUJANIUK and J. KACZMAREK

TC 7 - MEASUREMENT THEORY TC 7.1: Theory and fundamental principles of measurement

Process tomography. Principles and industrial applications 817 F. MESCH

Unsolved problems of measurement. An international study 827 P.H. SYDENHAM ET AL.

Measurement Day in Como. An Italian experience . 832 M. CUMETTI, D. COSTANTINI, L. GONELLA, L. MARI and M. SAVINO

XVI

Gnosiological justification of reference concepts of measurement theory and ways of improving the terminology System 838 A. BRAGIN

Cognition in electronic sensing Systems from the viewpoint of psychology 843 D.H. CROPLEY and A.J. CROPLEY

Qualitative analysis and optimisation of measurement Systems 849 D.H. CROPLEY

A model integrating operative issues in a theory of measurement 855 L.MARI

A "critique" of quantum measurement 859 A. REBAGUA

Epistemological aspects of measurement 865 T.L.J. FERRIS and P.H. SYDENHAM

A knowledge-based System approach to sensor Classification andselection 871 M. EL-HAMI, L. FINKELSTEIN and K.T.V. GRATTAN

Reconsideration of sensing System caused by qualitative diversification of measurement object 877 S. TAKAYAMA and K. KARIYA

Developing suitable measurand sets from the knowledge need requirement 882 K. KASHEF

Principles of calibration of intelligent instruments 887 A. BALSAMO and S. SARTORI

Constraints in measurements 893 GY. ROMAN and T.P. DOBROWIECKI

Data and modeis fusion techniques in measurement 899 A. BOSCOLO, C. MANGIAVACCHI and O. Tuzzi

Effectivity of measuring Systems with surplus structure 905 J. jAfcwiNSKi and K. WAZYNSKA-FIOK

XV11

Simulation of Coltman's correction II. Computation error and convergency 910 K. KOJIMA, D.Y. TSAI, K. TANAKA and S. UCHIDA

Solving the problem of statte calibration by means of splines in two variables 916 R.Z. MORAWSKI, A. PODGORSKI and M. WOLNY

Dynamic calibration using variational algorithms based on entropy-like criteria 921 R.Z. MORAWSKI and A. PODGORSKI

TC 7.2: Measurement System architecture and modeis

Synthesis of measurement conversion Systems struetures: methodological aspects 931 V.Yu. KNELLER and V.A. SKOMOROKHOV

Expert Systems in System identification. Second generation issues 936 T.P. DoBROWiEoa and F. LOUAGE

A new data compression technique for constant rate sampling Systems 942 S. SANGIOVANNI

Effective bits and Information rate for evaluating performance of noisy A / D Converters 948 N. GIAQUINTO and A. TROTTA

Measurement science and probability density distribution and the time transition measurement 954 K. KARIYA and S. TAKAYAMA

Width measurement using video signal 960 K. TAGUCHI, I. MIZOSHIRI, K. KARIYA and T. NAKANISHI

Determination of camera positions and poses without using intrinsic camera parameters 966 K. DEGUCHI, I. MORISHITA, K. KINOSHTTA and L. NAGAMATSU

Neural networks in time domain analysis of signals 972 M. CACIOTTA and V. ORSOUNI CENCELLI

XV1H

Comparative investigations of "parameter-to-period" measuring Converters 978 H. URZEDNICZOK

Measurement apparatus based on concurrent two-DSP architecture 982 A. PIETROSANTO, A. BACOGALUH and A. BERNIERI

Relative dynamic compensation of linear measuring instruments 988 T. ONOandJ. SUN

High-Q resonant one-port measuring methods without precise tuning to the resonance. Problems of comparison 994 J. CHICHOKI

TC 7.3: Cognitive issues in sensing

Sensor science. The core of Instrumentation and measurement technology 1003 J. MCGHEE, I.A. HENDERSON and P.H. SYDENHAM

Fuzzy sensors for the fusion of information 1009 G. MAURIS, E. BENOIT and L. FOULLOY

A fuzzy colour sensor 1015 E. BENOIT, G. MAURIS and L. FOULLOY

Data flows within the universal sensing System design model 1021 D.HARRIS

Basic theoretical principles for design of analog-digital measurement Systems with adaptively controlled sensors 1025 A.A. PLATONOV

On optimal redundant sensor system design for bias elimination 1031 T. KiMURA, S. SASA and M. TAKIZAWA

TC 8 - METROLOGY TC 8.1: Uncertainty and error analysis

Priority problems of metrology and their Solution in relation to the establishment of national Standards in Russia 1041 Yu.V. TARBEYEV

XIX

A Bayesian approach to uncertainty expression in a Single measurement 1046 E. ARRI, G. IUCULANO and A. ZANOBINI

A method for the fast analysis of the metrological Performances of a set of Instruments 1052 I.F. CRETU

Uncertainty estimation methods by Simulation in flatness measurements 1056 J. DE VICENTE and A.M. SANCHEZ PEREZ

The evaluation of measurement uncertainty 1062 R.C. MICHELINI and G. Rossi

Applicability of international Standard ISO 5725 and WECC Doc. in the determination of the uncertainty of measurement..... 1068 F. DUSMAN and V. MUDRONJA

TC 8.2: Frequency Standards

The French optically pumped frequency Standard 1077 G. ROVERA, E. DE CLERCQ and A. CLAIRON

A new design for the realization of the Italian atomic time scale 1083 P. TAVELLA, G. VIZIO and F. CORDARA

TC 9 - FLOW MEASUREMENT TC 9.1: Ultrasonic flowmeters

Controversial issues in flow measurement 1093 R.A. FURNESS

Application of an acoustic flowmeter for discharge measurement in the Po river in Torino 1106 G. GREGO, M. BALDIN, W. MAGGIONI and M. BUFFO

Ultrasonic two-phase flow measurements based on pattern recognition techniques 1112 H.M. PRASSER, F. HENSEL and P. SCHÜTZ

XX

TC 9.2: Mass flowmeters

A high accuracy, portable calibration Standard for low mass flow 1121 P. DELAJOUD and M. GIRARD

Viscous flow tests of Coriolis mass flowmeters 1127 G.P. CORPRON and P. KALOTAY

Conveyor belt velocity by frequency estimation of unbalance mass signal 1133 M. HENN

TC 9.3: Flow pattern investigations

Modelling in flow measurement accuracy estimation 1141 J. HALTTUNEN, E. LUNTTA and O. AUMALA

Contribution to the improvement of the Log-Tchebychef f multipoint Integration technique for determining air flow rates 1147 G. MBUYI KAMBA, E. JACQUES and J. PATIGNY

Effects of angle between two elbows on orifice discharge coefficients 1153 K.A. PARK and S.H. LEE

TC 9.4: Sensors and calibration techniques

Trend analysis, general model and application to high pressure gas flow Standards 1161 J.G.M. VAN DER GRINTEN and C.M.E.E. PETERS

Calibrating a mechanical displacement prover 1165 J.R. Mn.ES and R.G. RIGBY

Characterization of a new non-contact fiber optic sensor for measurement of bubble velocity in two-phase flow 1171 O. MASSI, G.L. ROSSI and E.P. TOMASINI

Error analysis in Volumetrie calibrations 1177 S.Z. ZAHWI

Industrial measuring instruments based on laser Doppler transmitters 1182 Yu.D. KAMINSKI and E.G. ZVENIGORODSKI

XXI

Gas meters for public Utilities and small industrial enterprises 1185 Yu.A. KOMAROV, N.M. KURNOSSOV and I.N. IVANOV

Fluidic active oscillator flowmeters and their study as variable differential pressure transmitters for Standard orifice 1187 P.A. ARISTOV, N.A. BARYKIN and G.V. BELOUSSOV

On viscosity of the natural gas 1191 A. BOUSHEHRI and A. JABBARI

TC 10 - TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTIC TC 10.1: Basic principles and development trends

Recovery of source waveforms from measured Vibration Signals 1201 W.S. CHEUNG, B.D. LIM and HJ . EUN

Fault dictionary construction in the frequency domain for non-linear analog System 1206 G. IUCULANO, M. CATELANI and S. BAGNOU

An extended approach to analogue testing via QR factorisation 1212 L. BENETAZZO, P. CARBONE, C. NARDUZZI and C. OFFELU

Transmission ellipsometry with intracavity component under test 1218 S. NEUSCHAEFER-RUBE and W. HOLZAPFEL

Problems of knowledge acquisition for diagnostic expert Systems 1224 W. MOCZULSKI

TC 10.2: Methods, Instrumentation and Systems

.1231

ge combustion phenomena 1237 BECK and C.M. BECK

for transmission System

Fault detection in hydropower plants E. EGUSQUIZA and L. DE PAULA

C. MOGAVERO, S. PETERS and W. STEIN

1243

Using a capacitance technique to image combustion phenomena R. HE, CG. XIE, R.C. WATERFALL, M.S. BECK and C.M. BECK

Measurement and testing equipment for transmission System nptwnrks

xxu

Measurement quality and instrument calibration in a telecommunication research centre 1249 S. MONTRUCCHIO, S. D'EMILIO and G. LA PAGUA

A cased-based expert System for diagnosis of electronic circuits 1254 CT. KELM and D. FILBERT

Acoustic leak detection at complicated topologies using fuzzy classifiers and neural networks 1259 W. SCHMITT, G. HESSEL and F.-P. WEISS

Statistical control of the structural monitoring process in the dorne by Brunelleschi in Florence 1265 G. IUCULANO, M. CATELANI, D. BILU, R. BICCHIERAI and M. SERNESI

A new diagnostic method for engine pantograph 1271 K. ZEHNULA and P. BENES

Real-time harmonics estimation on power System by means of a transputer-based measurement apparatus 1276 G. Bucci, A. GERMANO and C. LANDI

Statistical evaluation of effectiveness in non-destructive defect sizingtest 1282 G. IUCULANO and A. ZANOBINI

An expert System for machine part condition assessment 1288 P. ENWALD, L.G. QIANG and K. HOLMBERG

A DSP based measurement apparatus for fault detection and diagnosis using neural algorithms 1294 A. BERNIERI, G. BETTA and M. D'APUZZO

Detection of asynchronous motor mechanical faults by means of current spectra analysis 1300 K. SOKANSKY, K. CHMEUK and J. BILOS

Investigations on fluid-structure-interaction in annular gaps 1306 G. GRUNWALD and E. ALTSTADT

Heavy-current equipment protection against effects of an electric arc K. SOKANSKY

1312

XX111

Two dimensional thermal patterns instnimentation and pattern coding technique for automatic diagnosis of thermal process 1316 S. OGATA, N. YASUTAKE, S. UCHTTONÖ and K. MINE

Identification of the transient thermal impedance parameters of the bipolar transistors 1322 J. ZAREBSKI

Measurement and characterisation of the telecommunication distribution network 1326 M. TITLI and A. TOFANELU

TC11 - METROLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

TC 11.1: Measurement needs for quality control

The PTB's technical co-operation projects for metrology and related matters 1337 E. SEILER

Dissemination activity to third countries 1341 R. PERKSI and M. MARINGELU

Measurement needs for quality control in developing countries: the Indian model 1347 J.K. CHOUDHURY

Quality and metrology in Chile 1352 I. LIRA

Metrology (CENAM) of Mexico 1356 J. GONZALEZ BASURTO

TC 12 - TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL MEASUREMENTS

TC 12.1: Sensors and new measurement methods

The ITS-90 dissemination and advance in temperature measurement technology 1367 L. CROVINI

XXIV

Calibration of SPRTs at the ITS-90 freezing points. New developments 1377 P. MARCARINO, R. DEMATTEIS and A. TIZIANI

Improvement of Cars temperature by means of Signal recovery theory 1383 A. BOAKYE, T. OHSAWA, T. KATTO and T. OZAKI

Expansion of measurement ränge of a fibre-optic distributed temperature sensor and application to commercial plants 1390 O. IIDA, T. IWAMURA and S. YAMAMOTO

Optimal approximation of characteristics of Standard thermocouples 1396 F. BERNHARD, A. HOFFMANN and R. REINHARDT

Long term and high temperature behaviour of miniature fixed point thermocouples 1402 H. LEHMANN and F. BERNHARD

Fibre optic sensor of heat flow 1408 R. DUDA and L. BEJCEK

Wide ränge temperature thermal flowmeters 1413 E. GAVIOT, D. LECLERCQ and P. THERY

A thick film radiation sensor for thermal comfort and control 1419

C M . JOPPOLO and P. ROLLA

TC 12.2: Radiation temperature measurements

A proposal for using photodiode arrays in Standard radiation thermometry 1427 L. WANG and T. RICOLFI

Photodiode-array radiation thermometer for high temperature measurements 1433 M. BATTUELLO and L. WANG

Radiation thermometry for reducing emissivity problem T. IUCHI, M. YODA and R. KOBAYASHI

1439

XXV

Dual wavelength thermometry applied to hot rolling of aluminium and galvanealing of steel 1445 S.F. METCALFE, A.D. TUNE and T. BEYNON

The development of a new radiation thermometer 1451 J.Y. JUNG, Y.N. KIM and W.H. HWANG

Development of multiwavelength pyrometer 1456 K. HiRAMOTO, T. YAMAMOTO and C. UEMATSU

TC 12.3: Electronics and Computers in temperature and thermal measurements and control

Measurement of thermal diffusivity by infrared thermography image processing techniques 1465 I. PHIUPPI, D. BATSALE and A. DEGIOVANNI

A microcomputer heat flow density measurements 1471 J. DRNOVSEK, T. REPAR and J. BOJKOVSKI

An efficient fuzzy Controller for thermal treatment furnace 1477

M. Lrroiu

TC 12.4: Measurement problems in industrial applications

Methodology to adjust calibration intervals of temperature electric transducers 1485 D. CAMARANO, C A . FLESCH and J.E. DA SILVA

Accurate temperature measurements in miniplants 1491 G.H. BANIS, K.R. WESTERTERP and A.H. PLEITER

Temperature sensor calibration based on the Optimum location of calibration points 1496 G. BETTA, M. DELL'ISOLA, R. PERISSI and P. VIGO

Applications of photothermal measurement techniques for the detection of subsurface defects and thermal inhomogeneities 1504 G. GOCH, U. SEIDEL, B. SCHMITZ and H.G. WALTHER

A cancelling method of equi-status noise with D.C. for temperature measurement in a feedback loop 1510 K. MINE, S. OGATA, F. MORIMOTO, N. KUBOTA and L. N E

XXVI

TC 13 - MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE TC 13.1: New measurement technology

in biology and mediane

Measurement in mediane. Information technology as an aid to clinical decision making 1521 E.R. CARSON

Fluxgate gradiometer for magnetopneumography 1527 P. RIPKA, J. BLAHA and J. JEKABEK

Models of Ventilation and respiration 1531 R. SUMMERS, S. ANDREASSEN, E.R. CARSON and C. MORGAN

Contactless conductometric haematocrit measurement 1535 A.R. VARLAN and W. SANSEN

Measurement of muscle activation patterns from surface myoelectric Signals 1540 P. BONATO, T. D'ALESSIO and M. KNAFUTZ

Microprocessor based instrument for pain measurements 1546 D. MIRRI, G. IUCULANO, A. MENCHETTI, F. FONTANA and M. MASETTI

A new technique for measuring strain on flexible materials such as soft tissues 1552 N.G. SHRIVE, E. DAMSON, S. IVERSUE, K. MOORE, C. FRANK, L. MEJIA

and G. LUCAS

CGGENT: an expert network for medical diagnosis 1557 R. SUMMERS, P. WELLER and J.E. LEFEVRE

Non-invasive method for measurement of respiratory System parameters 1561 J. MROCZKA and A.G. POLAK

Quantitative analysis of proteinous components in electrophoretic graphs by means of linear Operators 1566 L. FRUSI

TC 13.2: Digital imaging and decision Support in biology and mediane

Feature enhancement of abdominal computed tomographic images using a cascading spatial filter 1575 D. TSAI, K. KOJIMA, T. SAKAMOTO and N. TANAHASHI

xxvü

Neural Networks and vector quantization for efficient compression of diagnostic images 1580 T. D'ALESSIO, S. CONFORTO, C. ROBERTI, M. SALUSTRI and E. ZANETTE

An optical fiber sensor for slip control in the restoration of grasp with functional neuromuscular Stimulation 1586 T. D'ALESSIO and R. STEINDLER

Metrological modelling of living object exposed to noninvasive transillumination 1592 A. CYSEWSKA-SOBUSIAK

Biomeasurement and modelling of the cardiac electric field 1598 P. KNEPPO, M. TYSLER and V. Rosöc

Acquisition and elaboration of fluorescent images for tumour diagnosis 1603 G. SANSONI, L. BIANCARDI, F. DOCCHIO, R. CUBEDDU, L. VALENTINI

AND P. TARONI

Real time measurement of Joint movement using digital signal processors 1609 J. MOOREHEAD, D.M. HARVEY, P.H. DANGERFIELD and S.C. MONTGOMERY

TC 14 - MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRICAL QUANTITIES TC 14.1: CMM and mathematical methods for geometrical quantities

Integrated quality control 1619 T. PFEIFER

Data compression with weighted double tracing method 1629 M. FUJIMOTO and K. KARIYA

Evaluation of shape measurement data using non-orthogonal periodic functions . 1635 T. AHBE, K. HASCHE and K. THILE

Mathematical method for tridimensional verification of the tolerances of location with degrees of freedom 1641 P. BOURDET, C. LARTIGUE and L. MATHIEU

Calibration of coordinate measuring machines based on ball plates 1646 D. HÜSER-TEUCHERT, E. TRAPET, H. SCHWENKE, F. WÄLDELE and U. WIEGEND

XXV111

Calibration of a 2-D grid using 1-D length measurements 1652 H. HATIJIEMA

A calibration method based on a model with a Vibration of a coordinate measuring machine using a Standard reference 1658 R. FURUTANI, K. TAKAMASU and S. OZONO

Development of a new non contact probe for 3D CMM 1664 T. MIYOSHI and Y. TAKAYA

Verification of a group of functional surfaces on coordinate measuring machines 1670 E. PAIREL, D. DURET and M. GIORDANO

An alternative method for calibrating and mapping errors in CMM 1676

J.V. SANCHEZ, G.B. RUIZ, R.S. NAVA and S.O. PADILLA

TC 14.2: Length and form measurements

Towards more accurate evaluation of cylindricity errors by multi-start helical scanning 1683 A.F. RASHED and I.M. NAJJAR

Measurement of tip displacements based on coupling of capacitive sensors to an STM piezo-scanner 1690 S. DESOGUS, 5. LÄNYJ, R. NERINO, G.B. PICOTTO and A. Sosso

Coherent optical rangefinder with stochastically frequency-modulated semiconductor laser 1695 W. BAETZ, J.C. BRAASCH and W. HOLZAPFEL

Three-axis capacitive displacement transducer for submicrometric monitoring of high-stability structures 1701 F. CABIATI, R. NERINO, F. CLARI, V. GIARETTO, E. MIRALDI

AND G. RUSCICA

Three-dimensional shape measuring system of specular objects and steep profiles 1706 T. AKUTA and K. HAYASK

Precision distance measurement by means of miniaturised interferometers 1712 G. JÄGER

XXIX

A robust distance measurement method 1717

D. PETRINOVIC and D. PETRINOVIC

TC 14.3: Surface texture measurements

On-line surface roughness measurement in production lines for process control 1725 H. BODSCHWINNA and H. BOHLMANN

Measurement of random micro-roughness of ultra-fine finished surface using optical System roughness calibration method 1731 Y. TAKAYA and T. MIYOSHI

An optical fibre sensor for displacement and surface topography measurement using neural networks 1737 Q. YANG and C. BUTLER

On-line glossiness evaluation method for stainless steel surface 1742 S. MORIYA, J. TATENO, K. ASANO, A. TORAO and F. ICHQCAWA

A necessity of three-dimensional surface stereometry characterisation, but by means of laser optical probe 1748 J. CHAJDA, A. CELLARY and M. WIECZOROWSKI

TC 14.4: Automated measurements and computer-aided quality control

A model for maintaining manufacturing quality in real time 1757 M. LAZREG and D. GIEN

New methodology towards the Integration of dimensional analysis in CAD Systems 1763 Z. HUMIENNY

Wide-range measuring machine for dimensional quality control 1769 U. MINONI, F. DOCCHIO and G. Scorn

Neural network Classification of dif fraction patterns for the quality evaluation of electronic assemblies 1773 DJ. SEARCH, C A . HOBSON, J.T. ATKINSON and J.D. PEARSON

Computer aided measurement for process control 1779 R.G. EASTHOPE and G.E. FOOT

XXX

The use of modularisation and CADMM in process plant design 1785 A. RÜTAHUHTA, E. RAUTAKORPI and Y. VÜTANEN

Three-dimensional measurement of solder Joint shape for quality control and process management using machine vision 1791 F. LILLEY, J.T. ATKINSON, A.C. HOBSON, S. KSHIRSAGAR and J.D. PEARSON

Multiparameter control flexible System for the engineering accuracy in the machine building industry 1797 A. STURZU, G. OPRAN, C. OPRAN and E.N. POPESCU

TC15 - EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS TC 15.1: Advances in optical methods and digital

imaging processing for photomechanics

Advanced in applied thermoelastic stress analysis 1807 P. STANLEY

Diffractive grating phase conjugated strain gauge 1817 J. EBBENI AND L. PIRODDA

Development of the shadow optical method of caustics for the determination of mixed-mode stress intensity factors 1823 L. SOHIER, M. COTTRON and A. LAGARDE

Automated photoelastidty in white light: application to birefrangent coatings 1829 S. BARONE and G. PETRUCCI

Automated deteetion and localisation of a bullet-hole on a target 1835 R. MICHELETTI

Application of photoplasticity for Solution of forming problems 1841 P. MACURA

Optical strain gauge 1847

A. DJORDJEVICH and P.S.Y. Wu

TC 15.2: Holographie, moire and speckle metrology

Knowledge assisted deteetion of material faults based on holographic interferograms 1855 U. MIETH, W. OSTEN and W. JUPTNER

xxxi

Thermal strains by moire" interferometry 1861 C. PAPPALETTERE, B. TRENTADUE and W. SUN <,

ESPI displacement and strain measurement error estimation using a measurement efficiency coefficient 1866 A.J. ALBERTAZZI GONCALVES, JR.

Flexible whole-field profilometry using structured light projection for industrial applications 1872 G. SANSONI, L. BIANCARDI, U. MINONI and F. DOCCHIO

TC 15.3: Development of sensors and Systems working in adverse dynamic conditions

Characterisation of accelerometers in the ränge where the Vibration method is not effective 1881 A. UMEDA and K. UEDA

A digital system to consider noise and dynamic conditions in strain gauge measurement 1887 L. D'AcQUiSTO and M.F. TSCHINKE

Tomographie measurement of stress tensor fields 1893 A. TRÄCHTLER

Multiple dynamometer for hostile atmosphere based on differential capacitive transducers 1899 F. CABIATI, R. NERINO, F. CLARI, V. GIARETTO, E. MIRALDI and G. RUSCICA

An automatic system for measuring non-uniform residual stresses by the hole-drilling method 1904 E. VALENTINI

Pneumatic air-jet sensors for hostile high temperature environments 1910 A. MANUELLO BERTETTO, G. BELFORTE, G. MATTIAZZO and L. FERRERO

Experimental stress analysis of automotive components by thermoelastic effect 1916 R. FRACCHIA and V. GIORDANO

Measurement of unsteady gas pressure with pneumo-electric signal line 1922 J. CIEPLUCHA

XXX11

TC 15.4: Safety control, supervising of structures, risk management

On the safety control of risk-sensitive structures by measurement and experimental methods 1931 K.-H. LAERMANN

TC 16 - PRESSURE MEASUREMENT TC 16.1: Calibration Systems

A look at uncertainties over twenty decades of pressure measurement 1941 C D . EHRLICH

Establishment of ultra high vacuum calibration System down to 10-8 Pa ränge in Korea 1951 K.H. CHUNG JHUNG and S.S. HONG

A novel fine differential pressure generator using centrifugal force 1957 A. OOIWA and M. UEKI

Uncertainties in high pressure metrology: application of advanced CAD techniques 1963 N.D. SAMAAN and F. ABDULLAH

TC 16.2: Pressure transducers

Pressure sensor using a double-ended tuning fork mechanical resonator 1971 A. CHESHMEHDOOST, D.G. RODENHURST, C M . FRANCE and B.E. JONES

Silicon-on sapphire structures based semiconductor strain gauge transducers for pressure transmitters working in severe operating conditions 1977 A.V. BELOGLAZOV, V.l. EVDOKIMOV and V.V. KHASDCOV

Ceramic free-cylinder and free-rod pressure transducers up to 1 GPa 1982 G. MOLINAR and R. WISNIEWSKI

TC 17 - MEASUREMENT IN ROBOTICS TC 17.1: Integrated measurement technologies to improve robot

intelligent behaviour

xxxni

Discrimination of characteristics of objects by composite sensors 1993 K. SHIDA and D. Li

High-speed three dimensional shape measurement by multi-slit ray projection and high speed image sensor 1999 M. BABA, T. KONISHI, S. OGAWA and M. IWAI

A vision-guided autonomous robot for the automatic selective harvesting of asparagus 2005 A. Gurouca, A. CUMANI, P. GRATTONI and G. PETTITI

3eyes: a flexible vision-based telemeter for position measurements .2011 P. GRATTONI, A. CUMANI, A. Gurouca, G. PETTITI and F. POLLASTRI

Optical distance meter based on dual-wavelength interferometry 2017 F. DOCCHIO, U. MINONI, E. GELMINI and G. SANSONI

Tactile sensors and transducers 2022

J. VOLF

TC 17.2: Sensors for advanced robotics

Testing the repeatibility of industrial robots: a comparison of ANSI and ISO Standards 2031 R. HELFERTY and J. JESWIET

Position measurement on robot links with prismatic and revolute joints 2037 G. QUICK and P.C. MÜLLER

Real-time orientation measurement of robot end-effectors 2043 K.M. FILZ, J.P. PRENNINGER, M. VINCZE and H. GANDER

Measurement of the transfer function for the characterisation of robotic electrical drive with linear induction motor 2049 E. BASIUCO, D. CASCIO, S. Nucao, R. Rizzo, M. SPECIALE and S. TINNIRELLO

New dedicated System for electrical actuators characterisation 2055 D. CASSIERS, P. SENTE and C EUGENE

Measurement requirements and System for diagnostic and motion quality control of a robot-crane 2061 J. SZPYTKO

XXXIV

OT18 - OTHER TOPICS OT 18.1: Environmental measurements

A modelling and identification approach for acoustic remote sensing for environmental assessment 2071 L. VAN BIESEN and L. PEIRLINCKX

The ways to improve technical Performances of the Systems for local acquisitum of hydro-meteorological/ecological data 2077 I.M. VISHENCHUK, V. A. GOLEMBO and V.L. KOTLAROV

Ozone sensing 2081 P.A. BANDA and W.B. WLODARSKI

Measurement of surf ace velocity of natural turbulent flows by spatial filtering velocimetry 2086 Y. ITAKURA, H. INABA and M. KASAHARA

Accurate Solutions to humidity measurement problems 2092 L. CROVINI, A. ACTIS, A. CAROTENUTO, M. DELLTSOLA and P. VIGO

Thick-film cantilever-type resonant sensor for relative humidity 2098 V. FERRARI, D. MARIOLI, A. TARONI, E. RANUCCI and P. FERRUTI

A fast response low-cost ultrasonic humidity sensor 2104 A. CARULLO, F. FERRARIS and M. PARVIS

The metrological characterisation of methods for the inversion of seismic data 2110 F. FERRARIS and S. GRAZIANI

The metrology laboratory for air pollution of OSE 2116 A. AZZONI and A. NEGRI

Experimental evaluation of the ice-bulb Psychrometer accuracy limits 2121 K. FLAKIEWICZ, K. KOSTYRKO, T. KRUKOWSKI and A. SZERSZEN

Time series Observation of geographical changes on Yellow River deltaby satellite remote sensing 2126 S. OGATA

XXXV

About the frequency response of some transducers for the measurement of the wind direction 2131 A. CIGADA and A. CURAMI

OT 18.2: Measurement in agriculture

Fractometer and Metriguard stress wave timer - handy wood testing devices for tree assessment 2139 A. ZIPSE, W. ALBRECHT, K. BETHGE and C. MATTHECK

Drill resistance measurements on standing trees and timber 2145 F. RINN

Evaluation of soil moisture content through the in situ measurement of electrical parameters 2151 G. IUCULANO, F . BENINCASA, M . CATELANI, G . PELOSI, P . BATTISTA

and R. Cocciou

OT 18.3: New measurement techniques in automotive applications

An evaluation of technological progress in the Italian automotive market from 70s to 90s 2159 C. Lo STORTO

Experimental load measuring for determining of durability of chassis parts of "microcar" vehicle 2165 J. VAVRO, J. TVARUZEK and S. HUSAR

A strapdown platform for automotive applications 2169 F. FERRARIS, I. GORINI, U. GRIMALDI, M. PARVIS, G. CASELLATO

and E. FAGGIOU

Distributed-torsional moments parameters in gearing Systems 2175 M. KOPECKY

Non-steady and non-linear conduction of heat in friction couple 2179 S. HUSAR and J. VAVRO

Computerised evaluation of Vibration control properties of driver's seats 2184 G.J. STEIN, R. CHMURNY and V. JINDRA

xxxvi

OT 18.4: Acoustics and Vibration measurements

Portable real-time sound and Vibration analyser 2191 W. BARWICZ, R.Z. MORAWSKI, J.M. MOSAKOWSKI and A. PODGORSKI

Static and low frequency calibration of accelerometers 2195 D. MARIOU, E. SARDINI and A. TARONI

A fuzzy approach for the elaboration of traffic information 2200 A. FICHERA and S. GRAZIANI

A study of the damping mechanism of a resonating device for particle size analysis 2206 B. KEYVANI and H. MAHGEREFTEH

OT 18.5:In-process inspection and quality control

Knowledge based quality measurement 2215 D. HOFMANN

On the traceability of measurements as an element of the quality 2221 A.M. SANCHEZ PEREZ and C.E. GRANADOS

Monitoring of manuf acturing processes by ANN and neuro-fuzzy techniques 2226 L. MONOSTORI

On-line non-contact measurement of the wall thickness of a glass reinforced composite pipe 2232 A.S. MARDAPITTAS, R.T. RAKOWSKI, K.F. HALE, B.E. JONES and O. D E PAOLA

Dissemination towards industry 2238 G. MIGLIO

Discretisation measurements in tolerance supervision problems 2241 C.M. HAJIYEV

Method of component identification in printed circuit units with unknown structure 2246 N.P. BAIDA and V.l. MESYURA

On-line measurement of alloy degree in galvanised steel at continuous galvanising process 2252 M. KAWAHARA, H. YAMANE, O. TAKEHISA, J. KAWABE and H. SHIGEMOTO

XXXV11

Imaging CCD micropolarimeter for concentration analysis in transparent liquids and melts 2258 T. FUHRMEISTER, G. NEUMANN and K. LEONARTZ

Late Papers

Invited Papers The role of measurement in the vehicle development process 2265 G. LEVIZZARI

TC/1.1 Nature and scope of data measurement test Signals in measurement education 2276 I.A. HENDERSON and J. MCGHEE

TC/1.2 The teaching of metrology: essential for industrial development 2282 R. COLLAY

TC/1.3 METIS: integrated environment for the measurement programming 2284 S.V. MURAVYOV

TC/2.1 Spectroradiometric measurements of some light sources utilized in optical metrology 2289 A. ALFERARU and F. IONESCU

TC/3.1 Force measurement, present and future 2295 M.PETERS

TC/3.2 The Computer aided design of a six component force transducer 2297 D. PERJU and L. DOLGA

TC/3.4 Data treatment in hydrostatic weighing 2303 M. MOSCA, S. PETTORRUSO and A. PEUTO

TC/4.2.1 The A / D transducer with the +R/-R Converter 2309 J. GOLEBIOWSKI, A. HETMAN, L. ISALSKI and P. WOJCIECHOWSKI

xxxvm

TC/4.2.1 Neural networks for A / D Converters 2313 F. CENNAMO, P. DAPONTE, D. GRIMALDI and E. Loizzo

TC/4.2.2 Modification of particular sampling method 2319 J. SAWICKI

TC/4.2.2 Measuring the complexity of metrological Systems' Signals 2324 I. NANCOVSKA, J. DRNOVSEK, D. FEFER and A. JEGUC

TC/4.2.3 How to design Computer based measurement System for testing measuring and protective current transformer 2330 D. ADAMCZEWSKA, A. KASPRZAK and A. KOSZMIDER

TC/4.2.4 Measurement of resistor noise figure 2336 L. HASSE and L. SPIRALSKI

TC/4.2.4 Reliability and 1/f noise of electronic components 2341 A. KoNCZAKOwsKA and L. SPIRALSKI

TC/4.3.1 Construction of theory of analog-digital conversion on basis of magnitude comparison 2347 A. BRAGIN

TC/4.3.4 The method of the forming of some smart sensors' transformation characteristic 2353 J. GOLEBIOWSKI, A. HETMAN, L. ISALSKI and P. WOJCIECHOWSKI

TC/4.3.6 Fundamental harmonic power measurement 2356 M.T. GALEWSKI and M. WOLOSZYK

TC/4.3.7 Measurement of electrical impedance components during a half of sinusoidal wave period 2361 Z. RUCH and Z. SZCZEPANDC

XXXIX

TC/4.3.7 A new method to measure small dynamic conductance without using lock-in amplifier 2366 H. YAMADA

TC/4.4 Processes algorithmization at designing of operating Systems for magnetic measurements 2372 I.D. KALCHEV

TC/4.4 A cryogenic induction magnetometer 2377 R.V. SKLYAR

TC/4.4 Pulse-relaxation oscillation squid magnetometer 2383 N.N. BUDNUC, Yu.D. MINOV, V.N. SOSNITSKY, P.I. SUTKOVOJ

and I.D. VOJTOVICH

TC/5.1 Hardness and elastic modulus from dynamic hardness test data 2389 T.J. BELL

TC/7.2 Application of mathematical model to design intelligent measurement transducers 2395 J. BOUKOWSKI, L. FURMANKIEWICZ and E. MICHTA

TC/7.2 Qualitative analysis of sensor Signals with neural networks 2399 R. RAPE and D. FEFER

TC/8.1 Indirect measurement result treatment 2404 A.S. KLEIMAN

TC/8.1 Theoretical problems of metrological assurance 2409 A. SEMENYUK, A. BRAGIN and E. UDOVICHENKO

TC/8.1 Time series fractal dimension analysis in the problems of measurement result treatment 2415 Yu.P. MACHEHIN and B. ODINETS

xl

TC/8.2 The maintainance of the metre in Italy: present and perspectives 2418 F. BERTINETTO and M.P. SASSI

TC/9.1 New method of ultrasonic flow measurement at small diameter pipes ....2424 V. EFREMOV and M. ZAGLIADOV

TC/9.4 The calibration of the flowmeters with variable area 2426 H.M. ManT

TC/10.1 Neural networks and fuzzy logic: new concepts for technical failure diagnosis? 2430 D. BARSCHDORFF

TC/10.1 Diagnosis of nonlinear dynamic Systems based on adaptive residual generation and evaluation 2438 A.YE. SHUMSKY

TC/10.1 Implementation of Simulation procedures in diagnostic expert sistems 2444 W. CHOLEWA

TC/10.2 ATE oriented methods of fault diagnosis of analog electronic circuits with limited accessibility 2450 W. TOCZEK and R. ZIELONKO

TC/10.2 The machinery life forecast method based on neural networks and application onbearing diagnosis 2456 X.P. Pu, K.X. CHEN and J.W. Xu

TC/10.2 The electromagnetic device for non-destruction control of pipes 2462 Ju.M. SHUMKOV and P.V. MOKRENKO

TC/10.2 Acoustic method of steam content diagnostics in NPP coolant 2464 K.N. PROSKURJAKOV

xli

TC/11.1 Needs for new Organization of metrological control in quality control in Bulgaria 2469 T. KANCHEVA

TC/11.1 The measurement and testing programme of the Commission of the European Communities 2472 P. SAUERI and D. GOULD

TC/11.1 Calibration chains of the National Bureau of Metrology 2477 R. COLLAY

TC/12.1 Realization of the ITS-90 below 0°C at the ILT&SR 2481 A. SZMYRKA-GRZEBYK, L. LIPINSKI and P.M. STEUR

TC/12.3 Measurement of absorption coefficient by the thermal waves method 2485 V.E. Trrov, A.P. CHERNYSHEV, A.V. GALAKTIONOV, V.A. PETROV

and A.Yu. VOROBYEV

TC/12.3 Comparative analysis of the data reduction procedures in the flash method for thermal diffusivity measurement 2491 L. VOZAR and J. GEMBAROVIC

TC/12.4 Principles and applications of photothermal microscopy 2497 U. SEIDEL, B. SCHMITZ, G. GOCH and H.G. WALTHER

TC/13.1 Fibre optic probes for studying cell damage in the arteries 2503 P.D. GOOYER, N.B. JONES, J.C. FOTHERGILL and D.P. DEBONO

TC/13.1 Human biomagnetic signal measurement for diagnosing some diseases .'. 2509 N.N. BUDNIK, A.V. GAPELJUK, YU.D. MINOV, M.A. PRIMIN, V.N. SOSNITSKY,

P.I. SUTKOVOJ and I.D. VOJTOVICH

xlii

TC/13.1 Research of extractirtg FECG with adaptive noise cancelling and digital signal processor 2515 WEI M. and HUI-JUN F.

TC/13.1 The form of the exciting signal in the forced expiratory test 2519 B.K. JUROSZEK

TC/13.1 Skin temperature measurements with surgical electrodes in volunteer experiments 2524 N. NESSLER

TC/13.2 Deterministic modelling of human intestinal glucose absorption in response to glucose challange 2530 T.K. BASU, S.K. SARKAR and S. GANGULY

TC/14.1 Centre estimation of circles based on binarised images 2534 Ä. JOBBAGY, E.H. FURNEE and H.L.J. VAN VEENENDAAL

TC/14.1 The metrology behavior of coordinate measuring machines operating in thermally perturbed ambients 2540 L. MERLO and M. VERDI

TC/14.2 Precision capacitor displacement meter 2546 F.B. GRINEVITCH, M.N. SURDU, V.M. MOGILEVSKY, V.l. BUZANOV

and A.S. LEVITSKY

TC/14.2 Equipment for certification on radiation wavelength of He-Ne lasers 2550 V. SOLOVJOV, Yu.P. MACHEHIN, V.M. SMULAKOVSKY and V. A. ODINETS

TC/14.3 Critical analysis of the diff erent techniques for surf ace morphology measurements 2552 T. MATHIA, H. ZAHOUANI, W. RAKOWSKI and J. ROUSSEAU

xliii

TC/14.3 Measurement of waviness to evaluate surface finish in industrial production with the point of view to nanotechnology 2558 P.H. OSANNA, D. PROSTREDNK and C.P. HEISS

TC/15.3 A new method for the punctual determination of the amount of thestrains 2563 P.D. BÄRSÄNESCU and N. DAMEAN

TC/15.3 Strain gauge force transducers for dynamic measurements inenergetics 2568 D.M. SETEFÄNESCU, V. SETEFÄNESCU and T. MÄNESCU

TC/16.2 Transition from the capacitive to the fet-type pressure sensor 2574 J.M. LISKO, R.S. JACHOWICZ and M. A. KRZYCKI

TC/17.1 Measurements and robotics, a general review 2580 B.I. REBAGUA

TC/17.2 Precise robots in control and measurement Operation in manufacturing processes 2586 L. NAWARA

TC/18.1 An original method of pollution valorization 2592 V. BUCZANSKY, M. ORESCHIN, M. VIDIN and S. CURIC

TC/18.1 Procedures and algorithms for minimization of relative calibration errors of dustmeters 2596 LB. IVASIV

TC/18.2 A microcomputer measurement System for estimation of energy budget components in a crop growing area 2602 N.V. KOLEV, B.S. KRUSTANOV, K.P. PENEV, V.G. ABRAMOV and A.A. BARAN

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TC/18.4 An improved electrodynamic reciprocity method f or accelerometer calibrations 2606 G. LI-FENG

TC/18.4 Measurement of Vibration by the three-axes accelerometer 2611 V. SOLOVJOV

TC/18.5 Quality inspection of ceramic tableware using a neural network vision System 2615 G.B. FINNEY, J.B. GOMM, D. WILLIAMS and J.T. ATKINSON

TC/18.5 A tri-axis electrostatic field transducers 2621 M. ANTONIU, N.D. ALEXANDRU and E. ANTONIU

TC/4.1.1 High-accuracy comparisons of Standard resistors at low frequencies 2627 A. PLOSHINSKY

TC/4.1.1 Standard resistances for high-accuracy measurements 2629 V. ZASLAVSKY and A. PLOSHINSKY

TC/4.3.1 Accurate reflection method for measuring quartz resonator Parameters in very wide frequency ränge and System 2631 A. LISOWIEC, M. WOJCICKI and A. MILEWSKI

TC/4.3.1 Measurements of stability of the DC-voltage reference module and compensation of the influential parameters 2635 P. KRANJEC, J. DRNOVSEK, M. LINDIC, D. FEFER and A. JEGLIC

TC/4.3.2 Amplitude modulation in a digital sine generator 2641 R. LAFUH, S. CIGLARIC, D. FEFER, J. DRNOVSEK and A. JEGUC

TC/4.3.2 Single time interval meter of picosecond accuracy 2646 G.L. TYMCHUK, V.F. TKACHENKO and A.S. PAPASOV

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TC/7.2 Synthesis of structures of testing scalar invariant measurement Systems with direct conversion 2651 V.A. SKOMOROKHOV

TC/10.1 Vibrational control of rod structure joints 2655 A.E. BOZHKO, A.I. FEDOROV, V.l. PERMYAKOV and V.l. LYASHENKO

TC/10.2 The estimation of highvoltage Switches disconnection resource 2660 B.I. MOKIN, V.V. GRABKO and E.A. ZAVALNJUK

TC/11.1 Laboratory accreditation in India 2663 M. CHANDER

TC/12.1 Mercury triple point temperature measurements realized at the thermometry laboratory of CENAM 2672 E. MENDEZ-LANGO, J. VALENCIA-RODRIGUEZ and J.M. FIGUEROA-ESTRADA

TC/12.1 The new heat flow transducer 2676 N.P. DIVIN

TC/14.2 New method of certif ication of laser interef erometers in the ränge below 10-6 m and 0.1 ang. sec 2680 E.P. KRIVTSOV, A.YE. SINELNIKOV and A.A. YANKOVSKY

TC/18.2 Computer System of control for the largest grairt storages 2684 A. KOBOSKO

TC/18.4 Ultrasonic measurements on polymeric films 2689 S. MAUNARIC

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 2695