Proceedings

of the

Hydrokinetic and Wave Energy Technologies

Technical and Environmental Issues

Workshop

October 26-28, 2005

Washington, D.C.

Sponsored by:

U.S. Department of Energy OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program

March 24, 2006

To access this document and presentations made at the

Hydrokinetic and Wave Energy Technologies

Technical and Environmental Issues

Workshop

visit: http://hydropower.inl.gov/hydrokinetic_wave/

The production of this document was supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under the subcontract YAM-4-33-217-01. Financial support by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Department of Energy does not constitute an endorsement by these institutions of the views expressed in this document.

RESOLVE, Inc.

http://hydropower.inl.gov/hydrokinetic_wave

Abstract

Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of non-polluting alternatives to fossil and nuclear-fueled power plants to meet growing demand for electrical energy. Two emerging categories of renewable energy technologies, hydrokinetic and wave energy conversion devices, offer ways to tap the energy of moving water without impoundment (dams) or diversion required by many conventional hydroelectric facilities. These technologies include devices designed for deployment in natural streams, tidal estuaries, ocean currents, and constructed waterways, as well as devices designed to capture the energy of ocean waves.

On 26-28 October 2005, 54 representatives from government, non-governmental organizations, and private business met to:

Identify the varieties of hydrokinetic energy and wave technology devices, their stages of development, and the projected cost to bring each to market;

Identify where these technologies can best operate; Identify the potential environmental issues associated with these technologies and possible

mitigation measures; Develop a list of research needs and/or practical solutions to address unresolved

environmental issues.

These Workshop Proceedings include detailed summaries of the presentations made and the discussions that followed.

Suggested Citation Format:

Proceedings of the Hydrokinetic and Wave Energy Technologies Technical and Environmental Issues Workshop. Washington, DC. October 26-28, 2005. Prepared by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, D.C., Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. March 2006.

Proceedings (including slide presentations) may be downloaded from: http://hydropower.inl.gov/

HYDROKINETIC & WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS I

http:http://hydropower.inl.gov

HYDROKINETIC & WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS II

Acknowledgments

Direct and in-kind support for the Hydrokinetic and Wave Energy Technologies Technical and Environmental Issues Workshop and Proceedings was provided by:

U.S. Department of Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program

Planning Committee Members:

Edward Abrams, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

James Ahlgrimm, U.S. Department of Energy

Fred Ayer, Low Impact Hydropower Institute

Michael Bahleda, Bahleda Management and Consulting, LLC

Tom Bigford, National Marine Fisheries Service

Glenn Cada, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Linda Church Ciocci, National Hydropower Association

Stefanie Damiani Stavrakas, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Douglas Hall, Idaho National Laboratory

Russell Moursund, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Richard Roos-Collins, Natural Heritage Institute

Facilitation team: Abby Arnold, Brad Spangler, Jennifer Peyser, RESOLVE, Inc.

HYDROKINETIC & WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS III

HYDROKINETIC & WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS IV

Table of Contents

Abstract........................................................................................................................................ i

Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... iii

Table of Contents........................................................................................................................ v

Preface ....................................................................................................................................... ix

Glossary of Acronyms .............................................................................................................. xii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... XIIII

Overview of the Technologies and Environmental Resources...............................................xiiii

Research Needed to Evaluate the Potential Environmental Impacts Associated with

Hydrokinetic and Wave Technologies.......................................................................... xv

Strategies for Addressing Environmental Research Needs .................................................... xvii

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1

Welcome from Planning Committee Representatives ................................................................ 1

Review of Workshop Purpose, Objectives & Agenda................................................................ 3

Workshop Participants................................................................................................................ 4

Meeting Proceedings................................................................................................................... 4

PRESENTATIONS OF HYDROKINETIC AND WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES .... 5

Overview of Technology Classes and Key Terminology [1. R. Bedard_Day 1 Overview of

Techs.pdf] ....................................................................................................................... 5

Axial Flow Machines [2. T.Taylor Presentation_Day 1.pdf] ..................................................... 8

Open Center Turbine [3. H.Williams Tech Presentation.pdf] .................................................. 12

Ducted Turbine [4. S.Meade Tech Presentation.pdf] ............................................................... 13

Turbine Matrix / Hydromatrix [5. A.Bihlmayer Tech Pres-1.pdf] ......................................... 16

Cross Flow / (Helical) Turbine [6. A. Gorlov Presentation.pdf]........................................... 18

Venturi Devices ........................................................................................................................ 19

Heave Wave Devices [7. A.Weinstein Presentation.pdf] ........................................................ 20

[8. G.Taylor Presentation-revised.pdf]

Heave-Surge Wave Devices [9. M.Carcas Tech Presentation.pdf] .......................................... 25

Overtopping Wave Devices [10. Erik F-M Tech Presentation.pdf] ......................................... 28

Oscillating Water Column [This presentation was made without slides.]................................ 30

DAY ONE WRAP-UP DISCUSSION SUMMARY................................................................. 32

FACILITATED DISCUSSION WITH TECHNOLOGY PRESENTERS............................ 36

HYDROKINETIC & WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS V

RESOURCE AREAS FOR DEPLOYMENT OF HYDROKINETIC AND WAVE

ENERGY AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS/CONCERNS ........... 42

Resource Concerns Associated with Natural Streams [1. Cada and Meyer - Natural

Streams.pdf].................................................................................................................. 42

Resource Concerns Associated with Near-Shore Environments [3. J.Gibson - Near Shore.pdf]

Resource Concerns Associated with the Off-shore Environment [4. J.Ogden - Offshore

Resource Concerns Associated with Estuaries [2. T. Swanson - Estuaries.pdf] ...................... 45

...................................................................................................................................... 49

(Bigford).pdf]................................................................................................................ 51

Canals and Other Engineered Waterways [No slide presentation]........................................... 54

KNOWN AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS/CONCERNS

RAISED IN CONNECTION WITH HYDROKINETIC TECHNOLOGIES ...................... 55

I. Rotating Machines................................................................................................................. 55

Resource Questions Associated with Axial-Flow Turbine Arrays in Existing Structures 55

[1. A. Bihlmayer Hydromatrix Envr Info.pdf]

Resource Questions Associated with Free-flow Axial Turbines ...................................... 57

[2. J.Gibson - Free Flow Axial Turbines Envr Info.pdf] Resource Questions Associated with Cross-Axis (Helical) Devices................................ 59

[See earlier slides: 6. A. Gorlov Presentation.pdf]

II. Wave Energy Devices....................................................................................................... 60

Resource Questions Associated with a Heave-Surge Device ..............................