problem based learning workshop val wass. workshop objectives assess prior knowledge of problem...

Problem Based learning Problem Based learning WorkshopWorkshop

Val WassVal Wass

Workshop objectivesWorkshop objectives

Assess prior knowledge of problem based learningAssess prior knowledge of problem based learning

Understand how a student feels when given a case Understand how a student feels when given a case

Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBLDescribe basic learning theories underpinning PBL

Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate caseIdentify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case

Write a PBL caseWrite a PBL case

Carry out the process of a PBL groupCarry out the process of a PBL group

Reflect on learning and unresolved issues Reflect on learning and unresolved issues

Task 1:Task 1:

In groups:In groups:

What do you know about Problem Based Learning ?What do you know about Problem Based Learning ?

The seven stepsThe seven steps

Session one:Session one:1: Clarifying terms: 1: Clarifying terms: What words do you not understand?What words do you not understand?

2: Define the problems: 2: Define the problems: What has to be solved ?What has to be solved ?

3: Analyse these problems: 3: Analyse these problems: Brainstorm the issuesBrainstorm the issues Use prior knowledgeUse prior knowledge

4: Summarise the issues to form coherent themes4: Summarise the issues to form coherent themes

5: Set learning objectives: 5: Set learning objectives: i.e. questions to look upi.e. questions to look up & answer& answer

6: Individual study6: Individual study

Session twoSession two::7: Discussion and resolution of problems 7: Discussion and resolution of problems


Session one:Session one:1: Clarifying terms:1: Clarifying terms:

2: Define the problems:2: Define the problems:

3: Analyse these problems: 3: Analyse these problems:


5: Set learning objectives:5: Set learning objectives:

6: Individual study6: Individual studySession twoSession two::

7: Discussion and resolution of problems 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

The History of PBL

McMaster University (Canada) 1965 the first PBL

Maastricht University (Netherlands)1979 ‘purer’ PBL

1994 Manchester

First UK medical school to introduce PBL as a major learning strategy and to continue it throughout clinical years.

Problem based learning

Empiricism:Tabulae rosaeBacon, Locke, Hume

Problem based learningEmpiricism: Bucket theory of the mind

Popper 1979

Problem based learningRationalism:

Knowledge can not be actively transferred.The learner has to actively master it

Education is not the filling of the pail but the lighting of a fire

W.B.Yeats

Problem Based LearningProblem Based Learning

Short Short termtermmemorymemory

Long termLong termmemorymemory

ScaffoldScaffoldknowledgeknowledge

ininworkingworking memorymemory


ActivatePrior knowledge


1: Clarifying terms: 1: Clarifying terms: What words do you not understand?What words do you not understand?

2: Define the problems: 2: Define the problems: What has to be solved ?What has to be solved ?

3: Analyse these problems: 3: Analyse these problems: Brainstorm the issuesBrainstorm the issues Use prior knowledgeUse prior knowledge


ElaborateIdentify gaps in knowledge


4: Summarising the issues to form coherent themes4: Summarising the issues to form coherent themes


Intrinsic motivationto find the answers

Puts learning in context


5: Set learning objectives: 5: Set learning objectives: 6: Individual study6: Individual study

Empowering students to learn for themselves Empowering students to learn for themselves


Session twoSession two::7: Discussion and resolution of problems 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

Metacognitive skills: Evaluation and team work Metacognitive skills: Evaluation and team work

A plumber is visiting a doctor and explainsA plumber is visiting a doctor and explains “ “I woke up this morning and, when I was coughing,I woke up this morning and, when I was coughing,

I had blood in my mouth I am really concernedI had blood in my mouth I am really concernedbecause in the last two weeks this has happenedbecause in the last two weeks this has happened

more than once.more than once.


Session one:Session one:1: Clarifying terms:1: Clarifying terms:

2: Define the problems:2: Define the problems:

3: Analyse these problems: 3: Analyse these problems:


5: Set learning objectives:5: Set learning objectives:

6: Individual study6: Individual studySession twoSession two::

7: Discussion and resolution of problems 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

Set learning objectives (3-4) and write a problemSet learning objectives (3-4) and write a problem

for an undergraduate student which will guide andfor an undergraduate student which will guide and

motivate them to identify, follow up and achievemotivate them to identify, follow up and achieve

the intended learning outcomes.the intended learning outcomes.

PBL

FIRSTTUTORIAL

Individualwork

SECONDTUTORIAL

Define problemand set

learning needs

Pool answersand solve problem

Open the case: group discussion

1. Clarify terms (any unfamiliar?)

2. Define the problem (list them)

3. Brainstorm possible explanations

4. Arrange explanations into tentative solutions

5. Define learning objectives and requisite experience.

tutortutor

scribescribe

Chair personChair person

Close case group discussion

7. Discuss result of private study

8. Agree resolution of problem .








Reflect on learning and unresolved issues Reflect on learning and unresolved issues

Thank you Thank you

What are the strengths of Problem Based Learning?

Strengths of PBL

• Students take responsibility for learning

• Recognises prior knowledge and tries to link in with this

• Encourages motivation and curiosity

• Encourages searching and reasoning skills

• Learn how to learn, not just current facts (which go out of date)

What are the weaknesses of Problem Based

Learning?

Problems with PBL

• Need help to make transition to self directed learners

• Need clear learning goals

• Need to provide opportunities to learn skills

• Need very good facilitation from tutor

• PBL fatigue and short-cuts

• Psychosocial aspects

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