By Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beck, Ph.D.

BJS Statisticians

The total number of prisoners underthe jurisdiction of Federal or State adultcorrectional authorities was 1,470,045at yearend 2003. During the year theStates added 20,370 prisoners and theFederal prison system added 9,531prisoners. Overall, the Nation=s prisonpopulation grew 2.1%, which was lessthan the average annual growth of3.4% since yearend 1995.

The rate of incarceration in prison atyearend 2003 was 482 sentencedinmates per 100,000 U.S. residents Cup from 411 in 1995. About 1 in every109 men and 1 in every 1,613 womenwere sentenced prisoners under thejurisdiction of State or Federalauthorities.

Overall, the United States incarcerated2,212,475 persons at yearend 2003.This total represents persons held in C C Federal and State prisons

(1,387,848, which excludes Stateand Federal prisoners in local jails)

C territorial prisons (16,494)C local jails (691,301)C facilities operated by or exclusively

for the Bureau of Immigration andCustoms Enforcement, formerly theU.S. Immigration and NaturalizationService (10,323)

C military facilities (2,165) C jails in Indian country (2,006 as of midyear 2002)C juvenile facilities (102,338 as of

October 2002).

November 2004, NCJ 205335

$ During 2003, 11 States hadincreases of at least 5%, led by NorthDakota (up 11.4%), Minnesota (up10.3%), and Montana (up 8.9%).

$ During 2003, 11 States experi-enced prison population decreases,led by Connecticut (down 4.2%), NewYork (down 2.8%), Michigan (down2.4%), and New Jersey (down 2.3%).

$ In 2003 the number of inmatesunder State jurisdiction increased by20,370 inmates (1.6%), less than thegrowth in 2002 (2.4%).

$ The Federal Bureau of Prisonsincreased by over 9,500 inmates(5.8%). The Federal system is thelargest prison system.

$ At yearend 2003 privately operatedfacilities housed 95,522 inmates(5.7% of State and 12.6% of Federalinmates); local jails housed 73,343State and Federal inmates (5.0% ofall prisoners).

$ On December 31, 2003, Stateprisons were estimated to be atcapacity to 16% above capacity;Federal prisons were operating at39% above capacity.

$ At yearend 2003, 101,179 womenwere in State or Federal prisons —6.9% of all prison inmates.

$ Among the more than 1.4 millionsentenced inmates at yearend 2003,an estimated 403,165 were blackmales between the ages of 20 and 39. At yearend 2003, 9.3% of blackmales age 25 to 29 were in prison,compared to 2.6% of Hispanic malesand 1.1% of white males in the sameage group.

$ In 2003 an estimated 388,700sentenced State and Federal inmateswere between ages 40 and 54, upfrom 236,000 in 1995. These inmatesaccounted for about 46% of the totalgrowth (324,258) in the sentencedprison population since 1995.

*Prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per 100,000 in the resident population.

-1.9Ohio188New Hampshire2,434New Hampshire-2.3New Jersey184Rhode Island2,013Maine-2.4Michigan181North Dakota1,944Vermont-2.8New York155Minnesota1,872Wyoming-4.2%Connecticut149Maine1,239North Dakota

5 lowest7.5Hawaii635Alabama65,198New York7.8Wyoming636Oklahoma79,594Florida8.9Montana702Texas164,487California

10.3Minnesota768Mississippi166,911Texas11.4%North Dakota801Louisiana173,059Federal

5 highest

Percentchange

Growth, 12/31/02to 12/31/03

Inmates per100,000 residents*

Incarceration rate, 12/31/03

Numberof inmates

Prisonpopulation

Smaller States had high rates of prison population growth during 2003

Highlights

Prisoners in 2003

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bulletin

U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice Programs

1 in every 140 U.S. residents inprison or jail at yearend 2003

On December 31, 2003, 1,387,848inmates were in the custody of Stateand Federal prison authorities, and691,301 were in the custody of local jail authorities (table 1). (Custody isdefined on page 10.) Since yearend2002 the total incarcerated populationhas increased by 52,600, or 2.6% Cless than the average annual increase since 1995 (3.5%). Including inmates inpublic and privately operated facilities,the number of inmates in State prisonsincreased 1.4% during 2003; thenumber in Federal prisons, 6.6%; andin local jails, 3.9%.

The rate of incarceration in prison andjail was 714 inmates per 100,000residents in 2003, up from 601 in 1995.At yearend 2003, 1 in every 140 U.S.residents were incarcerated in State orFederal prison or a local jail.

U.S. prison population rose 2.1%during 2003

In 2003 the growth in the number ofinmates under State or Federal juris-diction (2.1%) was less than thepercentage increase recorded for 2002(2.6%) (table 2). (Jurisdiction is definedon page 10.) The population under thejurisdiction of State and Federalauthorities increased by 29,901

inmates during 2003, smaller than the increase in 2002 (up 36,112). SinceDecember 31, 1995, the U.S. prisonpopulation has grown an average of43,266 inmates per year (3.4%).

The Federal prison population totaled173,059 at yearend 2003, up from 163,528 at yearend 2002. Most of theFederal prison growth occurred in thefirst half of the year (up 4.2% betweenJanuary 1 and June 30). The popula-tion rose 1.5% in the second half of2003 — a rate more than twice that of State prisoners (up 0.7%).

2 Prisoners in 2003

Note: Counts include all inmates held in public and private adult correctional facilities.aTotal counts include Federal inmates in non-secure privately operated facilities (6,471 in 2003, 6,598 in 2002, 6,515 in 2001 and 6,143 in 2000). bNumber of prison and jail inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents at yearend.

4.0%2.7%7.7%3.5%1995-2003Average annual increase,

3.9%1.4%6.6%2.6%2002-2003Percent change,

714691,3011,226,175161,6732,085,6202003701665,4751,209,331151,6182,033,0222002685631,2401,180,155143,3371,961,2472001684621,1491,176,269133,9211,937,4822000601507,044989,00489,5381,585,5861995

ation ratebon June 30StateFederalin custodyaIncarcer-Inmates in jail

Prisoners in custody on December 31Total inmates

Table 1. Number of persons held in State or Federal prisons or in local jails, 1995, and 2000-2003

At yearend 2003 16,494 inmatesheld in U.S. Territories

The U.S. Territories and Common-wealths C American Samoa, Guam,Northern Mariana Islands, PuertoRico, and Virgin Islands C reported16,494 inmates in the custody of theirprison systems at yearend 2003, anincrease of 1.8% since 2002. Prisoners with a sentence of morethan 1 year totaled 12,532 (more thanthree-quarters of the total territorialprison population).

Relative to the resident populations inthe Territories, the rate of incarcera-tion was 292 prisoners per 100,000residents.

Of the 5 Territories, the U.S. VirginIslands had the highest prison incar-ceration rate (338 inmates per100,000 residents), followed by

Puerto Rico (with 301). Puerto Rico,the largest of the Territories, also heldthe largest number of sentencedprisoners, 11,667 at yearend 2003.

*The number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per 100,000 persons in the resident population.

338-12.8422368-14.9657559U.S. Virgin Islands3012.811,35111,6672.314,70515,046Puerto Rico

Commonwealth of1011.3767710.6123136Islands

Northern MarianaCommonwealth of the

16926.52192776.0546579Guam2470.01431433.0169174American Samoa

2922.6%12,21112,5321.8%16,20016,494Total

rate, 2003*2002-03200220032002-0320022003JurisdictionIncarcerationchangechange

PercentPercentSentenced to more than 1 yearTotal

Prisoners in custody of correctional authorities in the U.S. Territories andCommonwealths, yearend 2002 and 2003

Note: Counts based on comparable methodswere used to calculate the annual increaseand percent change. See Methodology forchanges by State.*Change in the number of prisoners underState and Federal jurisdiction.

3.4%43,26641,7181995-2003Average annual increase,

2.129,90126,89920032.636,11237,45720021.115,52114,64720011.318,19125,18220003.443,79636,95719994.758,42047,90519985.058,78548,80019975.157,49449,22219966.7%71,17288,3951995

change*JurisdictionCustodyPercent

Annual increase in thenumber of prisoners

Table 2. Change in the State andFederal prison populations,1995-2003

11 States reported increases of atleast 5% during 2003; 11 States haddecreases

Between January 1 and December 31,2003, North Dakota experienced thelargest increase in prison populations(up 11.4%), followed by Minnesota(10.3%), Montana (up 8.9%), andWyoming (up 7.8%) (table 3). ElevenStates experienced a decline.Connecticut had the largest decline(down 4.2%), followed by New York(down 2.8%), Michigan (down 2.4%),and New Jersey (down 2.3%). Inabsolute numbers of inmates, 4 juris-dictions grew by at least 2,000 inmatesduring 2003. The Federal system (up9,531), experienced the largest growth,followed by Texas (up 4,908), Florida(up 4,384), and California (up 3,126).New York and Michigan had a drop ofat least 1,000 inmates (down 1,867and 1,233, respectively).

Overall, the number of inmates underjurisdiction in the West grew 2.9%,followed by those in the South (2.2%)and the Midwest (0.8%). The numberof inmates declined in the Northeast(down 1.5%). In the same period theFederal system grew 5.8%.

The prison incarceration ratereached 482 per 100,000 residents in 2003, up from 411 in 1995

Eleven States exceeded the nationalprison incarceration rate of 482 per100,000 residents, led by Lousiana(801), Mississippi (768), Texas (702),and Oklahoma (636) (table 4). NineStates, including Maine (149), Minne-sota (155), and North Dakota (181),had rates that were less than half thenational rate. Since 1995 the sentenced inmatepopulation in State prisons hasaveraged a growth of 3.3% per year.During this period 15 States had anaverage annual growth of at least 5%,led by North Dakota (up 9.8%), Oregon(up 8.7%), and West Virginia (up8.3%). Between 1995 and 2003 theFederal system grew an average of7.7% per year, an average annualincrease of 8,532 inmates.

Prisoners in 2003 3

Note: As of yearend 2001, the transfer of responsibility for sentenced felons from the District ofColumbia to the Federal Bureau of Prisons was completed. The District of Columbia is no longereligible to participate in NPS. aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. bPopulation figures are based on custody counts. (See Jurisdiction notes.)cJurisdiction counts reported by Florida totaled 82,012 on 12/31/03 and 80,352 on 6/30/03.

3.57.81,7371,8091,872Wyoming-0.80.516,06216,28416,148Washington3.03.65,5625,5945,763Utah2.45.212,08512,42212,715Oregon0.83.95,9916,1736,223New Mexico0.20.610,47810,52710,543Nevada5.28.93,3233,4403,620Montana1.12.55,7465,8255,887Idaho3.47.55,4235,6355,828Hawaiia3.14.418,83319,08519,671Colorado0.71.9161,361163,361164,487California1.46.229,35930,74131,170Arizonab2.22.94,3984,4314,527Alaskaa1.1%2.9%280,358285,327288,454West

1.24.74,5444,7034,758West Virginia1.00.334,97334,73335,067Virginia1.63.0162,003164,222166,911Texas0.01.724,98925,40925,403Tennessee

-2.20.023,71524,24723,719South Carolina-0.80.122,80223,00422,821Oklahoma0.72.232,83233,33433,560North Carolina

12.92.122,70520,54223,182Mississippi-1.6-1.524,16224,18623,791Maryland-0.10.036,03236,09136,047Louisiana1.55.115,82016,37716,622Kentucky0.4-0.547,44547,00447,208Georgiab2.95.875,21077,31679,594Floridab,c

-1.20.26,7786,8796,794Delawarea5.7-0.113,09112,37813,084Arkansas2.94.727,94728,44029,253Alabama1.5%2.2%575,048578,865587,814South

1.12.322,11322,36622,614Wisconsin-1.13.72,9183,0593,026South Dakota-2.3-1.945,64645,83144,778Ohio6.111.41,1121,1681,239North Dakota

-1.5-0.44,0584,1034,040Nebraska-1.10.730,09930,64930,303Missouri3.310.37,1297,6127,865Minnesota

-0.3-2.450,59149,52449,358Michigan1.42.28,9359,0099,132Kansas1.81.88,3988,3958,546Iowab2.26.721,61122,57623,069Indiana0.51.742,69343,18643,418Illinois0.0%0.8%245,303247,478247,388Midwest

-2.04.31,8631,9841,944Vermonta-1.20.23,5203,5693,527Rhode Islanda0.91.840,16840,54540,890Pennsylvania

-1.1-2.867,06565,91465,198New York-3.4-2.327,89128,21327,246New Jersey-2.0-0.72,4512,4832,434New Hampshire-2.7-0.910,32910,51110,232Massachusetts0.25.91,9002,0092,013Maine

-3.3-4.220,72020,52519,846Connecticuta-1.4%-1.5%175,907175,753173,330Northeast

0.71.61,276,6161,287,4231,296,986State1.55.8163,528170,461173,059Federal

0.8%2.1%1,440,1441,457,8841,470,045 U.S. total

12/31/0312/31/0312/31/0206/30/0312/31/03jurisdiction6/30/03-12/31/02-TotalRegion and

Percent change

Table 3. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctionalauthorities, by region and jurisdiction, yearend 2002 to 2003

The number of female prisonersincreased 3.6% C higher than thatof men, 2.0% C during 2003

During 2003 the number of womenunder the jurisdiction of State orFederal prison authorities increased by3.6% (table 5). The number of men in prison rose 2.0%. At yearend 2003,101,179 women and 1,368,866 menwere in prison. Since 1995 the annualrate of growth of the female inmatepopulation averaged 5.0%, higher thanthe 3.3% increase in male inmatepopulation. By yearend 2003 womenaccounted for 6.9% of all prisoners, upfrom 6.1% in 1995 and 5.7% in 1990.

Relative to their number in the U.S.resident population, men were almost15 times more likely than women to beincarcerated in a State or Federalprison. At yearend 2003 there were 62sentenced female inmates per 100,000women in the United States, comparedto 915 sentenced male inmates per100,000 men.

Since 1995 the total number of maleprisoners has grown 29%; the numberof female prisoners, 48%. At yearend2003, 1 in every 1,613 women and 1 inevery 109 men were incarcerated in aState or Federal prison.

4 Prisoners in 2003

--Not calculated. aThe average annual percentage increase from 1995 to 2003. bPrisoners with sentences of more than 1 year per 100,000 residents. cThe incarceration rate includes an estimated 6,200 inmates sentenced to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of corrections. dIncludes some inmates sentenced to 1 year or less.

3723.77.81,3951,7371,872Wyoming2604.10.711,60815,92216,036Washington2406.43.83,4475,4755,681Utah3548.75.16,51512,08012,695Oregon3145.35.43,9255,6315,934New Mexico4624.00.67,71310,47810,543Nevada3937.78.91,9993,3233,620Montana4277.42.53,3285,7465,887Idaho3256.18.52,5903,8404,167Hawaii4307.54.411,06318,83319,671Colorado4552.71.7131,745159,984162,678California5254.96.120,29128,00829,722Arizona4013.22.02,0422,5772,629Alaska4193.9%2.7%207,661273,634281,135West

2608.34.72,4834,5044,715West Virginia4723.20.327,26034,97335,067Virginia7022.63.1127,766151,782156,534Texasd4336.61.715,20624,98925,403Tennesseed5512.40.519,01522,83722,942South Carolina6362.7-1.118,15122,70222,448Oklahomad3480.62.727,91428,61329,394North Carolina7687.73.612,25121,39722,168Mississippi4201.6-0.220,45023,27423,230Maryland8014.60.025,19536,03236,047Louisiana3923.74.012,06015,57216,190Kentucky5394.1-0.534,16847,42447,200Georgia4632.85.863,86675,20479,594Florida5014.012.73,0143,6594,122Delaware4765.40.18,52012,99913,013Arkansas6354.53.920,13027,53228,612Alabama5423.0%2.6%446,491553,493566,679South

392-- -0.510,33721,64421,535Wisconsin3936.13.61,8712,9113,016South Dakota3910.0-1.944,66345,64644,778Ohiod1819.811.95441,0251,147North Dakota2283.60.13,0063,9723,976Nebraska5295.90.619,13430,08030,275Missouri1556.210.34,8467,1297,865Minnesota4892.3-2.441,11250,59149,358Michigan3343.32.27,0548,9359,132Kansasd 2904.71.85,9068,3988,546Iowad3704.66.816,04621,54223,007Indiana3421.81.737,65842,69343,418Illinoisd3753.1%0.6%192,177244,566246,053Midwest

2263.76.11,0481,3211,401Vermont1841.0-3.01,8332,0451,983Rhode Island3302.91.832,41040,16440,880Pennsylvania339-0.6-2.868,48667,06565,198New York3140.1-2.327,06627,89127,246New Jerseyd1882.4-0.72,0152,4512,434New Hampshire233-2.1-1.510,4278,9478,814Massachusettsc1494.97.41,3261,8171,951Maine3893.4-3.510,41914,08213,587Connecticut 3000.7%-1.4%155,030165,783163,494Northeast

4302.91.61,001,3591,237,4761,257,361State527.76.283,663143,040151,919Federal

4823.3%2.1%1,085,0221,380,5161,409,280 U.S. total

2003b1995-03a2002-03199520022003jurisdictionation ratechangechangeSentenced prisonersRegion andIncarcer-AveragePercent

Table 4. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctional authorities, yearend 1995, 2002, and 2003

*The number of prisoners with sentences ofmore than 1 year per 100,000 residents onDecember 31.

477891995629152003

Incarceration rate*

4.2%1.9%Percent change,

2002-2003

89,0661,291,450200292,7851,316,4952003

Sentenced to morethan 1 year

5.0%3.3%Average annual

1995-2003

3.6%2.0%Percent change,

2002-2003

68,4681,057,406199597,6311,342,5132002

101,1791,368,8662003All inmates

WomenMen

Table 5. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or Federalcorrectional authorities, by gender,yearend 1995, 2002, and 2003

Over a third of female prisoners heldin the 3 largest jurisdictions

Texas (13,487), the Federal system(11,635), and California (10,656) heldmore than a third of all female inmates(table 6). Mississippi (134 sentencedfemale inmates per 100,000 femaleresidents), Oklahoma (127), andLouisiana (104) had the highest femaleincarceration rates. States with thelowest female incarceration rates wereconcentrated in the Northeast C RhodeIsland (10 sentenced female prisonersper 100,000 female residents), Massa-chusetts (12), and Maine and NewHampshire (both with 18).

Twelve States had an average annualincrease of more than 10% between1995 and 2003, led by North Dakota(18.5%), Montana (17.9%), and Maine(16.7%). During this period the Statefemale prison population increased anaverage of 4.9% per year; the Federalfemale prison population increased 5.8% per year.

Privately operated prisons held 6.5%of State and Federal inmates in 2003

At yearend 2003, 30 States and theFederal system reported a total of95,522 prisoners held in privatelyoperated facilities (table 7). Privatefacilities held 5.7% of all State prison-ers and 12.6% of Federal prisoners.Among States, Texas (with 16,570State inmates housed in private facili-ties) and Oklahoma (with 6,022)reported the largest number in 2003.

Six States had at least 25% of theirprison population housed in privateprisons, led by New Mexico (44%), Alaska (31%), Montana (29%), andOklahoma and Wyoming (both 26%).Except for Wisconsin (with over 8% ofits State inmates in private facilities)and New Jersey (nearly 10%), the useof private facilities was concentratedamong Southern and Western States.At yearend 2003, 8.2% of Stateinmates in the South and 6.0% in theWest were in privately operated facili-ties, compared to 1.8% in the North-east and 2.0% in the Midwest.

Prisoners in 2003 5

aThe average annual percentage increase from 1995 to 2003.bThe number of female prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year per 100,000 female U.S. residents.cGrowth from 1995 to 2003 may be slightly overestimated due to a change in reporting from custody to jurisdiction counts.

706.54.8106167175 Wyomingc416.32.77931,2541,288 Washington3513.015.1161371427 Utah498.38.7465812883 Oregon569.511.2278518576 New Mexico796.53.4530851880 Nevada9117.921.4112345419 Montana8613.70.0212592592 Idaho6810.32.4312669685 Hawaii7711.810.97131,5661,736 Colorado572.06.79,0829,98710,656 Californiac858.09.41,4322,4282,656 Arizona556.212.3243349392 Alaska61%5.0%7.314,43919,90921,365West

4215.411.9129362405West Virginia716.21.51,6592,6412,681Virginia986.93.37,93513,05113,487Texas6114.15.26371,7351,826Tennesseec685.3-5.71,0451,6711,576South Carolina

1273.1-0.81,8152,3382,320Oklahoma373.23.81,7522,1732,256North Carolinac

13413.43.97912,0822,163Mississippi421.8-1.31,0791,2641,248Maryland

1046.80.31,4242,3982,405Louisiana638.511.27341,2691,411Kentucky715.60.52,0363,1293,145Georgia584.210.33,6604,5955,068Florida534.5-6.3358542508Delaware636.83.9523854887Arkansas825.618.01,2951,6972,003Alabama74%5.9%3.827,36641,80143,389South

4713.73.65021,3561,405Wisconsin699.118.5134227269South Dakota490.5-1.12,7932,9292,897Ohio3418.59.729103113North Dakota355.5-8.2211352323Nebraska768.4-1.51,1742,2742,239Missouri179.1-4.4217455435Minnesota432.2-3.01,8422,2672,198Michiganc464.317.1449537629Kansas486.71.8425703716Iowa568.911.18921,5831,758Indianac422.67.12,1962,5202,700Illinois47%4.7%2.510,86415,30615,682Midwest

2715.02.344132135Vermont104.43.7157214222Rhode Island292.50.11,5021,8211,823Pennsylvania29-2.7-2.73,6152,9962,914New York341.9-4.41,3071,5861,517New Jersey180.9-18.8109144117New Hampshire121.00.6656704708Massachusettsc1816.737.83690124Maine465.9-8.69751,6941,548Connecticut28%1.0%-2.98,4019,3819,108Northeast

564.93.661,07086,39789,544State65.83.67,39811,23411,635Federal

62%5.0%3.668,46897,631101,179 U.S. total

rate, 2003 b1995 to 2003a2003199520022003jurisdictioncerationAverage,2002 toRegion andIncar-Percent change

Number of female inmates

Table 6. Women under the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctional authorities, yearend 1995, 2002, and 2003

Since yearend 2000 the number ofFederal inmates held in private facili-ties has increased over 40%, while thenumber held in State facilities hasdecreased 1.8%. As a percentage of allinmates under State and Federal juris-diction, the number held in privatefacilities has remained stable (6.5%).

In 2003 local jails held 5% of Stateand Federal prisoners

At the end of 2003, 32 States and theFederal system reported a total of73,343 State and Federal prisonersheld in local jails or other facilitiesoperated by county or local authorities.These inmates held in local jails repre-sented 5% of all prisoners in 2003.

Louisiana had the largest percentageof its State inmate population housedin local jails (46%). Four other States Cled by Tennessee (25%) and Kentucky(24%) C had at least a fifth of theirpopulation housed in local jail facilities.

Over four-fifths of prisoners held inlocal jails were in the South (60,810).Overall, the South held 10.3% ofprisoners in local jails, followed by theWest (1.7%), the Northeast (1.1%),and the Midwest (1.0%).

From yearend 2000 to 2003 thenumber of Federal inmates held inlocal jails rose 34.5%, while thenumber of State inmates in local jailsrose 15.4%. Combined, the number ofState and Federal inmates held in localjails grew by 10,203 (up 16.2%).

6 Prisoners in 2003

--Not applicable. Prison and jails form an integrated system.aBased on the total number of inmates under State or Federal jurisdiction.bIncludes Federal inmates in non-secure privately operated facilities (6,471 in 2003, and 6,598 in 2002).cInmates held in other State facilities include interstate compact cases.

4.6588726.3527493 Wyoming0.0000.000 Washingtonc

18.51,1701,0650.000 Utah0.0000.000 Oregon0.00044.22,6902,751 New Mexico1.81771900.04340 Nevada

15.741956729.39631,059 Montana4.129523921.51,2661,267 Idaho -- -- -- 25.41,3471,478 Hawaii1.116022115.32,4523,013 Colorado1.52,5912,4152.14,6493,507 California0.62321747.51,9652,323 Arizona -- -- -- 30.61,3601,386 Alaska

%1.75,1024,958%6.017,65317,277West

20.39689680.000 West Virginia14.65,0245,1064.51,5691,562 Virginia8.012,37513,3319.916,77316,570 Texas

24.76,7176,28319.94,2005,049 Tennessee1.84154240.22144 South Carolina8.21,4971,86926.46,4706,022 Oklahoma0.0000.6186215 North Carolina

20.44,5504,72414.93,4353,463 Mississippi1.01682340.5127122 Maryland

45.916,02216,5498.12,9292,918 Louisiana23.93,6573,9699.91,6351,640 Kentucky10.54,9754,9499.74,5734,589 Georgia0.147485.44,1734,330 Florida -- -- -- 0.000 Delaware7.81,1721,0160.000 Arkansas4.62,4491,3405.801,698 Alabama

%10.360,03660,810%8.246,09148,222South

1.22672648.43,4631,899 Wisconsin1.012290.83225 South Dakota0.0004.21,9271,901 Ohio3.69440.0230 North Dakota0.0000.000 Nebraska0.0000.000 Missouri3.62212830.000 Minnesota0.130421.0460480 Michigan0.0000.000 Kansas0.0000.000 Iowa7.51,2621,7242.8843652 Indiana0.0000.000 Illinois

%1.01,8012,386%2.06,7484,957Midwest

-- -- -- 0.000 Vermontc -- -- -- 0.000 Rhode Islandc0.0001.3537535 Pennsylvania0.032010.000 New York5.71,5281,5429.72,6012,636 New Jerseyc0.31170.000 New Hampshire3.53753610.000 Massachusetts0.0001.5830 Maine -- -- -- 0.000 Connecticut

%1.12,2341,911%1.83,1463,201Northeast

5.469,17370,0655.773,63873,657 State1.93,3773,27812.620,27421,865 Federalb

%5.072,55073,343%6.593,91295,522 U.S. total

Percent of allinmates, 2003a20022003

Percent of allinmates, 2003a20022003

Region andjurisdiction

Local jailsPrivate facilities

Table 7. State and Federal prisoners held in private facilities and local jails,by jurisdiction, yearend 2002 and 2003

6.515,52475,01890,54220006.519,25172,70291,95320016.520,27473,63893,9122002

%6.521,86573,65795,5222003

Percent ofinmatesFederalState

Total

Number of inmates in privately operatedfacilities, 2000 to 2003

4.52,43860,70263,14020005.02,92167,76070,68120015.03,37769,17372,5502002

%5.03,27870,06573,3432003

Percent ofinmatesFederalState

Total

Number of State and Federal inmatesheld in local jails, 2000 to 2003

23 States and Federal systemoperate at or above highest capacity

To estimate the capacity of theirprisons, jurisdictions were asked to

supply three measures for capacity atyearend 2003: rated, operational, anddesign capacities. These measureswere defined as follows:

Rated capacity is the number of bedsor inmates assigned by a rating officialto institutions within the jurisdiction.

Operational capacity is the number ofinmates that can be accommodated,based on a facility’s staff, existingprograms, and services.

Design capacity is the number of inmates that planners or architectsintended for the facility.

Twenty-three jurisdictions gave only 1measure or the same figure for eachmeasure (table 8). For the 28 jurisdic-tions with more than 1 reported type ofcapacity, estimates of population as apercent of capacity are based on thehighest and lowest figures provided.

At yearend 2003, 27 States reportedthat they were operating below 100%of their highest capacity, and 22 Statesand the Federal prison system reportedoperating at 100% or more of theirhighest capacity. Mississippi, operatingat 73% of its highest capacity, reportedthe lowest percent of capacityoccupied. Alabama, 109% over lowestreported capacity, had the highestpercent of capacity occupied.

At yearend 2003 the Federal prisonsystem was operating at 39% overcapacity. Overall, State prisons wereoperating between 100% of theirhighest capacity and 16% above theirlowest capacity (table 9).

Prisoners in 2003 7

...Data not available.aPopulation counts are based on the number of inmates held in facilities operated by the jurisdiction. Excludes inmates held in local jails, in other States, or in private facilities.bIncludes capacity of private and contract facilities and inmates housed in them.

99961,1611,1461,190Wyoming13010914,82414,82412,507Washington102974,7524,536 ... Utah10010012,24612,246 ... Oregon104975,9856,3856,391New Mexicob127958,32010,63911,122Nevadab7777 ... 2,590 ... Montana96754,5645,5445,871Idaho

1641152,4513,487 ... Hawaii13011612,61114,069 ... Colorado20110380,487157,070 ... California1139425,34630,62626,940Arizona

%100%1003,0983,098 ... AlaskaWest

112983,3983,8803,398West Virginia9494 ... ... 31,074Virginia8886159,087155,351159,087Texasb9795 ... 19,67020,122Tennesseeb9696 ... 23,946 ... South Carolina9595 ... ... 23,856Oklahomab

112112 ... ... 30,261North Carolina7373 ... 21,737 ... Mississippib

100100 ... 23,745 ... Maryland10097 ... 20,03019,498Louisiana8282 ... 12,275 ... Kentucky

100100 ... 47,252 ... Georgia1339860,00080,942 ... Florida1571244,2235,359 ... Delaware1019411,97612,64912,866Arkansasb

%209%10412,38824,998 ... AlabamaSouth

127127 ... 15,951 ... Wisconsin9393 ... ... 3,209South Dakota

116116 ... ... 36,526Ohio1161091,0059521,005North Dakota1341073,0393,799 ... Nebraska9595 ... 31,500 ... Missouri9999 ... 7,595 ... Minnesota9898 ... 50,103 ... Michigan9999 ... ... 9,244Kansas

1261266,7726,7726,772Iowa12490 ... 22,87116,755Indiana

%159%13827,33931,43431,434IllinoisMidwest

101911,4741,6361,636Vermont91884,0853,9223,922Rhode Island

15211826,49334,24034,240Pennsylvania12210553,60162,56860,392New York8787 ... 26,536 ... New Jersey

1101002,2132,2382,419New Hampshire1271277,721 ... ... Massachusetts

%109%1091,7791,7791,779Maine ... ... ... ... ... Connecticut

Northeast

%139%139 ... ... 106,046Federal

Lowestcapacitya

HighestcapacityaDesign

Opera-tional Rated

Region and jurisdiction

as a percent of CType of capacity measureCustody population

Table 8. Reported Federal and State prison capacities, yearend 2003

*Excludes prisoners held in local jails and inprivately operated facilities (unless includedin the reported capacity).

11620031172002116200111520001251995

Lowest

10020031012002101200110020001141995

Highestpercent of capacity*Population as a

1,008,961Lowest capacity1,169,213Highest capacity

State prisons

Table 9. State prison population as a percent of capacity, 1995-2003

U.S. prison population is aging

The Nation’s prison population isbecoming more middle-aged. In 2003an estimated 388,700 sentencedinmates were between the ages of 40and 54, compared to 236,000 in 1995(table 10). By yearend 2003, 28% of all inmates were in this age group, upfrom 22% in 1995. The rise in thenumber of inmates has been thelargest among inmates age 45 to 54(up 82,700) since 1995, followed byinmates age 40 to 44 (up 70,000).Combined, inmates between the ages of 40 and 54 accounted for more than46% of the total growth in the U.S.prison population since 1995.

Expressed in terms of percent change,the oldest age group, inmates age 55or older, recorded the largest change Can increase of 85% since 1995.Despite this rapid growth, the numberof inmates age 55 or older relative toinmates in other age groups remainssmall, accounting for 4.3% of allinmates in 2003, up from 3.0% in 1995.

An estimated 2,800 sentenced inmateswere under age 18 on December 31,2003, down from 4,800 at yearend1995. Overall, fewer than 0.2% of allsentenced prisoners were under age18 at yearend 2003. (For total counts,see Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear2003, NCJ 203947.)

Underlying the increasing age ofinmates has been a gradual rise in theage of State inmates at time of admis-sion compounded by a sharp increasein time served in prison. In 2002 (thelatest available data), the mean age ofsentenced State inmates at time ofadmission was 33, compared with 31 in 1995, and the average time servedamong released inmates was 30months, compared with 23 months in1995.

8 Prisoners in 2003

Prisoners held by military authorities dropped 8.9%

There were 2,165 prisoners under military jurisdiction atyearend 2003. Fifty-eight percent of the prisoners held bythe Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guardhad sentences of 1 year or more. At yearend 2003 theArmy’s Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas,and five other local or regional Army facilities held thelargest share of inmates under military jurisdiction (45%).The 11 Navy facilities held nearly 30% of all inmates; the 6Marine Corps facilities held 20% of all inmates; and the 34Air Force facilities held 5% of all inmates.

The operational capacity of the 57 military confinementfacilities totaled 3,348 (not shown in a table). At yearend2003 these facilities were operating at 65% of their opera-tional capacity. About 87% of prisoners held by the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps were convictedinmates; 13% were unconvicted persons. --Not calculated.

-15.9409344-19.0805652Navy-21.6171134-7.7478441Marine Corps-0.57677630.1966967Army21.41417-18.0128105Air Force-7.6%1,3611,258-8.9%2,3772,165Total

Holding prisoners

-- 3738.51318Coast Guard-9.1219199-22.9489377Navy

-13.6265229-4.6565539Marine Corps-6.2610572-2.3860840Army-4.9264251-13.1450391Air Force-7.6%1,3611,258-8.9%2,3772,165Total

belongedTo which prisoners

2002-03200220032002-0320022003service

Percentchange,

Sentenced to more than 1 year

Percentchange,TotalBranch of

Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch of service, yearend 2002 and 2003

Note: State inmate estimates by age for 1995 were based on the Survey of Inmates in StateCorrectional Facilities, 1997, and for 2003 on the National Corrections Reporting Program, 2002.These estimates were then adjusted to the sentenced inmate count in each year in NPS-1.Federal inmate counts by age were based on the BJS Federal justice statistics database andthen adjusted to NPS-1 counts in each year. All estimates were rounded to the nearest 100.--Not calculated.

8.485.027,70060,30032,60055 or older25.176.582,700190,800108,10045-5421.254.770,000197,900127,90040-4411.520.037,900228,100190,20035-398.513.328,000238,200210,20030-34

12.620.441,600245,300203,70025-2912.723.742,000219,400177,40020-24

---12.2-3,60026,40030,00018-19---41.5-2,0002,8004,80017 or younger

100%%29.9324,2581,409,2801,085,022Total

total growth1995-20031995-200320031995Percent of change,Growth,

PercentNumber of sentenced inmates

Table 10. Number of sentenced prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction, by age, 1995 and 2003

Note. Data based on the National CorrectionsReporting Program, 1995-2002. Mean age atadmission represents the average age ofinmates admitted in each year with a sentenceof greater than 1 year. Mean time served repre-sents the average time served in prison bysentenced inmates released for the first time on the current offense.

3033200231332001293320002933199928321998273219972531199623 mos.311995

Mean timeserved

Mean age atadmission

Trends in age at admission and time served among sentenced State prisoners, 1995-2002

More black males than white malesamong State and Federal inmates at yearend 2003

At yearend 2003 black inmates repre-sented an estimated 44% of allinmates with sentences of more than 1year, while white inmates accounted for35% and Hispanic inmates, 19%.

Although the total number of sentencedinmates rose sharply (up 30% between1995 and 2003), there were smallchanges in the racial and Hispaniccomposition of the inmate population.

At yearend 2003 black males (586,300)outnumbered white males (454,300)and Hispanic males (251,900) amonginmates with sentences of more than 1 year (table 11). More than 44% of allsentenced male inmates were black.

White females (39,107) outnumberedblack females (35,050) and Hispanicfemales (16,172). About 42% of allsentenced female inmates were white.

Prisoners in 2003 9

aIncludes American Indians, AlaskaNatives, Asians, Native Hawaiians,and other Pacific Islanders.bExcludes Hispanics.

Note: Based on estimates of the U.S. residentpopulation on July 1, 2003, using intercensalestimates for July 1, 2002 (by gender, race, andHispanic origin) and adjusted to the July 1, 2003,estimates by gender.

16225839774714120855 or older9719036601,3293,50050189945-54

192386821331,9955,8548731,58440-442094911061702,2266,9521,0171,89535-391814561091642,4407,8471,0422,07430-34152406991472,5929,2621,0902,38025-29138286711122,2677,0179321,99620-24398015286922,06826659718-198418538621,2313,405465915Total

HispanicBlackbWhitebTotalaHispanicBlackbWhitebTotalaAge

FemalesMalesNumber of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 residents of each group

Table 12. Number of sentenced prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction per 100,000 residents, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2003

The number of Immigration and Customs detaineesrose nearly 12% during 2003

The U.S. Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforce-ment (ICE), formerly the U.S. Immigration and Naturaliza-tion Service (INS), reported 23,514 detainees onDecember 31, 2003, up from 21,065 at yearend 2002.Nearly two-thirds of these detainees (15,044) were held inFederal and State prisons and local jails, and about a thirdwere held in ICE-operated facilities (5,109) and privatefacilities under exclusive contract to the ICE (1,935).

The number of detainees under ICE jurisdiction nearlytripled between 1995 and 2003. This increase mostaffected State prisons, local jails, and other facilitiesmaintaining intergovernmental agreements with ICE; theyheld 15,044 detainees in 2003, up from 2,286 in 1995.

Among the 23,514 ICE detainees for immigration violationsat yearend 2003, 12,603 had been convicted of criminal

offenses, and 1,961 had pending criminal cases (notshown in table). Detainees convicted of violent offenses(31.7%) and drug offenses (29.5%) constituted the largestgroups under ICE jurisdiction, followed by propertyoffenses (14.8%) and public-order offenses (14.7%).

23.02941,5953,191Other facilities16.51,9849,76411,376Local jails5.38453477State prisons

17.42,28612,81215,044Intergovernmental agreements-32.318113088Other Federal facilities21.61,2821,1001,338Federal Bureau of Prisons-0.16521,9361,935

Private facilities under exclusive contract to ICE

0.43,7765,0875,109ICE-operated facilities11.6%8,17721,06523,514 Total

2002-03199520022003Facility typechange,Number of detaineesPercent

Detainees under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), by type of facility, yearend 1995, 2002, and 2003

rounded to the nearest 100.aIncludes American Indians, AlaskaNatives, Asians, Native Hawaiians,and other Pacific Islanders.bExcludes Hispanics.

Note: Based on custody counts by race and Hispanicorigin from National Prisoner Statistics (NPS-1A) andupdated from jurisdiction counts by gender at yearend.Estimates by age were derived from the NationalCorrections Reporting Program, 2002. Estimates were

3007001,4002,6007,20017,20031,90057,70055 or older1,8004,7005,40012,40024,80073,90074,800178,40045-542,5005,8006,80015,60027,90078,10071,700182,30040-443,2007,3007,80018,80037,80091,90075,400209,40035-393,1006,5007,20017,20047,900100,00070,300221,00030-342,6005,3005,60013,90054,700111,40063,100231,40025-292,3004,2004,40011,10046,20099,90059,400208,30020-24

2005004001,1004,90012,6007,10025,20018-1916,20035,00039,10092,785251,900586,300454,3001,316,495Total

HispanicBlackbWhitebTotalaHispanicBlackbWhitebTotalaFemalesMales

Number of sentenced prisoners

Table 11. Number of sentenced prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction,by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2003

*Based on inmates with sentences ofmore than 1 year.

1.93.2Other19.017.6Hispanic44.145.7Black35.033.5White

%100.0%100.0Total20031995

Percent of prisoners underState or Federal jurisdiction*

An estimated 9% of black males, age25-29, in prison in 2003

When incarceration rates areestimated separately by age group,black males in their twenties andthirties have high rates relative to othergroups (table 12). Among black malesage 25 to 29, 9.3% were in prison atyearend, compared to 2.6% ofHispanic males and about 1.1% ofwhite males of the same age group.Although incarceration rates drop withage, the percentage of black malesage 45 to 54 in prison in 2003 wasnearly 3.5% C higher than the highestrate (2.6%) for Hispanic males (age 25to 29) and more than twice the highestrate (1.1%) for white males (age 25 to29). (See Methodology for descriptionof new estimation procedures.)

Female incarceration rates, substan-tially lower than male incarcerationrates at every age, reveal similar racialand ethnic disparities. Black females(with an incarceration rate of 185 per100,000) were more than twice aslikely as Hispanic females (84 per100,000) and nearly 5 times more likelythan white females (38 per 100,000) tobe in prison on December 31, 2003.These differences among white, black,and Hispanic females were consistentacross all age groups.

Methodology

National Prisoner Statistics

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS),with the U.S. Census Bureau as itscollection agent, obtains yearend andmidyear counts of prisoners fromdepartments of correction in each ofthe 50 States and the Federal Bureauof Prisons.

The National Prisoner Statistics (NPS)distinguishes prisoners in custody fromthose under jurisdiction. To havecustody of a prisoner, a State musthold that person in one of its facilities.To have jurisdiction means that a Statehas legal authority over the prisoner.Prisoners under a State=s jurisdictionmay be in the custody of a local jail,another State=s prison, or other correc-tional facility. Some States are unable

to provide both custody and jurisdictioncounts.

Excluded from NPS counts arepersons confined in locally adminis-tered confinement facilities who areunder the jurisdiction of local authori-ties. NPS counts include all inmates in State-operated facilities in Alaska,Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, RhodeIsland, and Vermont, which havecombined jail-prison systems. NPSexcludes inmates held by the District of Columbia (DC), which as of yearend2001 operated only a jail system.Counts of inmates held in DC jails areincluded in the Annual Survey of Jails.

Military Corrections Statistics

BJS obtains yearend counts of prison-ers in the custody of U.S. militaryauthorities from the Department ofDefense Corrections Council. In 1994the council, comprised of representa-tives from each branch of militaryservice, adopted a standardized report(DD Form 2720) with a common set of items and definitions. This reportgives data on persons held in U.S.military confinement facilities insideand outside the continental UnitedStates, by branch of service, sex, race,Hispanic origin, conviction status,sentence length, and offense. It alsohas data on the number of facilities,and their design and rated capacities.

Other inmate counts

In 1995 BJS began collecting yearend counts of prisoners from the depart-ments of correction in the U.S. Territo-ries (American Samoa, Guam, andU.S. Virgin Islands) and U.S. Common-wealths (Northern Mariana Islands andPuerto Rico). These counts include allsentenced and unsentenced inmatesfor whom the Territory or Common-wealth government had legal authority(inmates under jurisdiction) and allinmates physically located in prison orjail facilities (inmates in custody).These counts are collected by gender,race, Hispanic origin, and sentencelength. In addition, BJS obtains reportsof the total design, rated, and opera-tional capacity of correctional facilities.

Estimating age-specific incarcerationrates

The number of sentenced prisonerswithin each group was estimated formen, women, whites, blacks, andHispanics. In 2003 for the first time,estimates were produced separatelyfor inmates under State jurisdiction bycombining data from NPS and the2002 National Corrections ReportingProgram (NCRP). The 2002 NCRPprovided updated estimates by age thatwere previously obtained from the 1997survey of Inmates in State CorrectionalFacilities. The following procedureswere used:1. The NCRP provided counts of Statesentenced inmates by age, gender, race, and Hispanic origin. Thesecounts were based on reports on char-acteristics of inmates held at yearend2002 in 25 participating States, repre-senting 81% of all inmates.

2. The Federal Justice StatisticsProgram (FJSP) provided counts ofsentenced Federal inmates by age foreach demographic group at the end offiscal year 2002.

3. The NPS provided counts ofsentenced State inmates by gender byrace and Hispanic origin at midyear2003. These counts were thenconverted to percentages and multi-plied by the number of sentencedinmates by gender to obtain estimatesof the number of sentenced Stateinmates on December 31. The FJSPcounts were converted to percentagesand multiplied by the NPS totals atyearend 2003.

4. Estimates of the U.S. residentpopulation for July 1, 2002, by age,gender, race/Hispanic origin wereobtained from the U.S. Census Bureau.These data were then updated, byadjusting to national estimates bygender for July 1, 2003.

5. Age-specific rates of incarcerationfor each demographic group werecalculated by dividing the estimatednumber of sentenced prisoners in eachage group by the number of U.S.residents in each age group and thenmultiplying by 100,000.

10 Prisoners in 2003

NPS jurisdiction notes

Alaska C Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.Counts exclude individuals in electronicand special monitoring programs.

Arizona C Population counts arebased on custody data. Counts exclude174 sentenced inmates housed incontracted local jail facilities, some awaiting transfer to the DOC.

The definition of operational capacityhas changed to include temporarybeds and double bunks used in situa-tions of crowding.

California C Population counts includefelons and civil addicts who are tempo-rarily absent, such as in court, jail orhospital.

Colorado C Population counts include247 male and 8 female inmates in theYouthful Offender System.

Capacity figures exclude 4 privately run facilities under contract with theDepartment of Corrections.

Connecticut C Prisons and jails formone integrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.

Legislation in 1995 abolished thecapacity law so that prisons no longerhave a rated or operational capacity.Design capacity is recorded separatelyin each facility.

Delaware C Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.Jurisdiction counts exclude inmateshoused in other State’s facilities.

Capacity counts include Department of Correction halfway houses.

Federal C Custody counts includeinmates housed in privately operatedsecure facilities under contract withBOP or with State or local governmentthat has an intergovernmental agree-ment. Custody counts exclude offend-ers housed under home confinement.

Rated capacity excludes contract beds.

Florida C Population counts fromDecember 31, 2002 based on custodydata, including inmates in privatelyoperated facilities, and are not compa-rable to 2003 numbers.

Georgia C Population counts arebased on custody data, includinginmates in privately operated facilities.

Facilities in Georgia are not given ratedor design capacities.

Hawaii C Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.

Idaho C Rated capacity is defined as100% of the maximum capacity; opera-tional capacity as 95% of the maximum(except in one facility which is 100%).

Illinois C Population counts are basedon jurisdiction data. Counts of inmateswith a sentence of more than 1 yearinclude an undetermined number witha sentence of 1 year.

Iowa C Population counts are basedon custody data. Counts of inmateswith a sentence of more than 1 yearinclude an undetermined number witha sentence of 1 year or less.

Kansas C Population counts ofinmates with a sentence of more than1 year include an undeterminednumber with a sentence of 1 year orless.

Louisiana C Counts are as of Decem-ber 29, 2003. Population countsinclude 15,173 males and 1,376females housed in local jails as a resultof a partnership with the LouisianaSheriffs’ Association and localauthorities.

Maryland C Design capacity is nolonger reported because of renovationsand other changes. Operational capac-ity was estimated by applying apercentage to the population count onDecember 31, 2003.

Massachusetts C By law, offendersmay be sentenced to terms of up to 2½years in locally operated jails. Suchoffenders are included in counts andrates for local jails. About 6,200inmates with sentences of more than 1year were held in local jails in 2003.

Michigan C Jurisdiction countsexclude 42 inmates held in local jails. Operational capacity includes institu-tion and camp net capacities andpopulations in community programs.

Mississippi C Operation and designcapacities include private prisoncapacities.

Missouri C Design capacities are notavailable for older prisons. Operationalcapacity is defined as the number ofavailable beds including those tempo-rarily off-line.

Montana C Counts include 263inmates under intensive supervision inthe community. Capacity figuresinclude 2 county operated regionalprisons (an estimated 300 beds), 1

private prison (500 beds), and a Stateoperated boot camp (60 beds).

Nebraska C Operational capacity isdefined as stress capacity (or 125% ofdesign capacity), which is ordered bythe governor and set by the Depart-ment of Corrections.

Nevada C Population counts are as ofJanuary 1, 2004. Rated capacity isdefined as emergency capacity. Designcapacity is defined as one bed per cell.Capacity figures include 643 beds nowowned by the DOC exclusively forfemale inmates.

New Jersey C Population counts ofinmates with a sentence of more than1 year include an undeterminednumber with a sentence of 1 year.

Rated and operational capacity figuresare not maintained.

New Mexico C Operational capacityincludes the maximum number ofcontracted beds in private facilities. North Carolina C Capacity figuresrefer to standard operating capacity,based on single occupancy per cell and50 square feet per inmate in multipleoccupancy units. North Dakota C Capacity figuresaccount for double bunking in the StatePenitentiary.

Ohio C Population counts of inmateswith a sentence of more than 1 yearinclude an undetermined number witha sentence of 1 year or less.

Oklahoma C Population counts ofinmates with a sentence of more than1 year include an undeterminednumber with a sentence of 1 year.Female count dropped significantlybecause DOC bought a private prison.

Capacity figures include private prisonsand contract jails.

Oregon C Inmates with under a 1 yearmaximum sentence remain under thecontrol of local counties.

Rated capacity is not recognized.

Rhode Island C Prisons and jails formone integrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.

South Carolina C Population countsinclude 66 inmates either “unsen-tenced,” or under safekeeping or ICCstatus.

South Dakota C Operational capacityis planned capacity. Rated and designcapacities are not recognized.

Tennessee C Population counts ofinmates with a sentence of more than

Prisoners in 2003 11

1 year include an undeterminednumber with a sentence of 1 year.

Texas C Jurisdiction counts includeinmates serving time in a pre-paroletransfer (PPT) or intermediarysanctions facility (ISF), substanceabuse felony punishment facility(SAFPF), temporary releases tocounties, and paper-ready inmates inlocal jails.

Capacity figures include public,privately operated, and countycontracted facilities that are Statefunded. Non-contracted county jailbeds are excluded.

Vermont C Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS datainclude jail and prison populations.

Virginia C Rated capacity is the DOCcount of beds, which takes into accountthe number of inmates that can beaccommodated based on staff,programming, services, and design.

Washington C A recently revised lawallows increasing numbers of inmateswith sentences of less than 1 year tobe housed in prison.

Wisconsin C Operational capacityexcludes contracted local jails, Federal,other State, and private facilities.

12 Prisoners in 2003

The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice.Lawrence A. Greenfeld is the director.

BJS Bulletins present the first releaseof findings from permanent datacollection programs such as theNational Prisoner Statistics.

Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beckwrote this report. Timothy A. Hughesprovided statistical assistance andverification. Tom Hester and CarolynC. Williams edited the report. JayneRobinson administered finalproduction.

Data collection and processing for the NPS program were carried out by Pamela Butler under the supervi-sion of Charlene Sebold, Govern-ments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Lauren E. Glaze collected andprocessed data on prisoners in theU.S. Territories, in U.S. military facili-ties, and in facilities operated by or for the Bureau of Immigration andCustoms Enforcement.

November 2004, NCJ 205335 E

This report in portable documentformat and in ASCII, its tables, andrelated statistical data are availableat the BJS World Wide Web Internetsite: <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ >