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TRANSCRIPT
PRINSIP DASAR
Priyambodo, M.Sc.
Universitas Lampung
GENETIKA
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884)
Pisum sativum
Karakter Fenotipe Pisum sativum
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Postulat Mendel
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Hukum Mendel
(I) The Law of Segregation states that when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy
(II) The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Perkembangan Genetika
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
BIDANG KAJIAN GENETIKA
Genetika Populasi
Sitogenetika Genetika
Molekular
GENETIKA POPULASI
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
SITOGENETIKA
Apa hubungan dari:
- Sel
- DNA
- Kromosom
- Gen
- Nukleus
- Protein
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
Histone
octomer
B DNA Helix
2 nm
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
B DNA Helix
Histone
octomer
2 nm
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
Histone
octomer
Nucleosome
11 nm
B DNA Helix 2 nm
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Protein scaffold
11 nm “Beads on
a string”
30 nm
Tight helical fiber
Looped Domains 200 nm
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Packaging DNA
Protein scaffold
Metaphase
Chromosome
700 nm
11 nm
30 nm
200 nm
2 nm
Looped Domains
Nucleosomes
B DNA Helix
Tight helical fiber
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
GENETIKA MOLEKULAR
Watson and Crick investigated the structure of DNA, not by collecting new data but by using all available information about the chemistry of DNA to construct molecular models
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Base
Sugar
Acid
Basic Structure of Nucleic Acids
Monophosphate
Diphosphate
Triphosphate
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
Nucleoside (Adenosine)
Nucleotide (Adenosine monophosphate, AMP)
Purine
Pyrimidine
Ribose, Deoxyribose
1’
2’ 3’
4’
5’
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
DNA structural features
•Phosphodiester “backbone”
•Directional
•Antiparallel
•H-bonds
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Perbedaan antara DNA
dan RNA
Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika
Luciferase
Kunang-kunang